WO1997007427A2 - Procede de commande d'une cellule a cristal liquide et dispositif - Google Patents
Procede de commande d'une cellule a cristal liquide et dispositif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997007427A2 WO1997007427A2 PCT/FR1996/001153 FR9601153W WO9707427A2 WO 1997007427 A2 WO1997007427 A2 WO 1997007427A2 FR 9601153 W FR9601153 W FR 9601153W WO 9707427 A2 WO9707427 A2 WO 9707427A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- smectic
- field
- normal
- liquid crystal
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/141—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for switching a liquid crystal cell, a device for implementing the method, a screen incorporating such a device and a spatial frequency modulator.
- the smectic liquid crystal cell C is of the chiral type and it has a planar anchoring in book page or Bookshelf geometry. It is arranged in a housing having two planar walls, the planar anchor being aligned with the walls. To carry out the switching, an electric field of normal orientation is applied to said walls, so that the ferroelectric polarization of the cell is reversed.
- the inventor firstly sought, under these conditions, to increase the speed of addressing of the cells.
- the process of the state of the art succinctly recalled above consumes significant energy.
- a screen made up of smectic crystal cells is actually a capacitor, the two sides of the screen being generally conductive, while the intermediate part of the screen is generally made up of a dielectric. If the number of cells is large, to obtain for the reasons specified a good gray level definition, it is necessary to address each of these cells at very high frequency, and this with significant energy levels. Under these conditions, the screen is subjected to significant heating.
- the inventor sought to reduce the energy consumption, in particular at high frequency, for liquid crystal screens, in particular those made from chiral C smectic crystal cells.
- the present invention achieves these objectives because it targets, in a first of its aspects, a method for switching a liquid crystal cell, characterized in that it comprises at least the following sequence of operations:
- said first conditions intended to generate said unstable equilibrium are created by imposing a strong electric field.
- Said second conditions can be created either by an electric field, or by any other means, such as for example a magnetic field.
- the present invention achieves the aforementioned objectives because it aims at a method of switching a chiral smectic C liquid crystal cell having a planar anchoring in book page or Bookshelf geometry aligned by the walls, characterized in that that it includes at least the following sequence of operations:
- An electric field E N is imposed comprising at least one component of orientation normal to the anchoring faces and of direction chosen as a function of the desired final orientation of the ferroelectricity of the smectic layer.
- the present invention achieves its objectives:
- one of said stable positions of the layers prevents the transmission of light while the other allows the transmission of light
- the invention allows, with an extremely short addressing time, and significantly shorter than that of the state of the art, to switch the cell under consideration.
- the screen comprises a plurality of cells arranged in row-column form.
- a group of lines of the screen are polarized simultaneously to allow the generation of said first strong parallel electric field.
- the cells are then depolarized line by line while simultaneously with the depolarization of a line, a next line is polarized. It will be observed at this stage on the one hand, that this polarization - depolarization sweep is done at a very low frequency (for example 24 Hz in the hypothesis of a video at 24 frames per second), while, on the other hand On the other hand, it is the strong electric field which is the main consumer of energy (but it is a low frequency energy).
- a second strong electric field is imposed in the opposite direction to the first strong electric field immediately following the interruption of said first strong electric field.
- this strong electric field is of short duration, so as to allow a rotation of ⁇ / 2 of the liquid crystal molecules on the smectic cone.
- said first strong electric field is applied at 45 degrees from the direction normal to the smectic planes.
- a layer of chiral smectic crystal C will be used in a bistable cell in a configuration stabilized by very thin surfaces, or ultrathin, so as to allow alignment perfectly orthogonal to the walls of the cell of smectic plans without chevron structure formation, following the device described and patented by Messrs. Clark and Lagerwall (year of deposit: 1,980).
- said layer is physically divided into independent domains limited by walls of a secondary material.
- the independent domains are rectangular in shape. They can also be square.
- these material divisions will be produced by photoengraving of a layer of photosensitive secondary material of desired thickness and equal to that of the cell, deposited on one of the faces thereof.
- the respective directions of the smectic layers and the directions of the sides of the domains are oriented so that the two orientation states of ferroelectricity are of equivalent energy.
- the normal to the smectic layers will be oriented parallel to a direction inclined at 45 ° to one side of said domains.
- the cells will be limited by identical materials having, vis-à-vis said liquid crystal constituting the electrooptic layer, identical anchoring conditions.
- the present invention also relates to a device for the implementation of the processes succinctly recalled above as well as to the variants set out.
- the device and the method allow the implementation of display screens, each pixel of which consists of a light cell according to the invention, the light cells being capable of being of a size comparable to that of the wavelength of the light emitted by them, and having excellent switching qualities, which is very favorable when scanning the various light cells in order to switch the required cells.
- a display device comprising at least one liquid crystal cell, characterized in that it comprises:
- switching means adapted to interrupt said conditions, - And means adapted to create second conditions called “switching" causing from the unstable equilibrium position, the tilting of each cell to one, chosen, of the two stable equilibrium positions.
- the present invention also achieves its objectives since it aims in another of its aspects a device comprising at least one chiral smectic C liquid crystal cell having a planar anchoring in book page or Bookshelf geometry aligned by the walls of said cell, characterized in that it includes:
- the device comprises a plurality of cells as well as addressing means adapted to allow the individual application to each of the cells of said strong electric fields and of normal orientation.
- the device comprises a plurality of cells, characterized in that each of these cells is separated from its neighbors by walls made of dielectric material.
- FIGS 1 A and 1 B schematically illustrate the operation of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 schematically represents, in plan view, the structure of an electrooptical layer of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 schematically represents, in section view, the structure of the layer illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan and partial view of the device briefly illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view along the line V-V of FIG. 4,
- FIG. 6 is a principle view illustrating the electronic means used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 7a and 7b schematically illustrate the operation of a preferred screen mode according to the invention.
- Figure 8 illustrates an electrical switching signal
- FIGS. 1 A and 1 B the various stages characterizing the process according to the invention are shown diagrammatically (the passage from one stage to another is symbolized by arrows in dashed lines).
- FIG. 1A a layer of chiral smectic liquid crystal C 1 has been shown in a thin cell stabilized by the surfaces having an anchoring planar on one of the faces 2 and 3 of a cell with parallel faces, the layer having a uniform polarization directed from (2) to (3), in this example.
- This cell is limited on one side and on the other by two support materials 4 and 5.
- a strong electric field E p is applied parallel to the parallel faces 2 and 3 of the cell, field E p inducing the orientation of the permanent electric dipole of the liquid crystal molecules in a parallel direction, or offering maximum electrostatic coupling, with said field E p .
- This field must be large enough to break the planar anchors of the liquid crystal layer.
- this time is of the order of 1 to 50 ⁇ s.
- permanent ferroelectricity of the layer is directed from face 3 towards face 2.
- the crystal is configured in the stable state indicated under the reference C v II has been represented in this part of the figure, under the reference 30, the cone of smectic precession of the liquid crystal molecule, from which arises, in the figure, the arrow 31 symbolizing the direction of the permanent electric dipole.
- This variant advantageously makes it possible to work in a wider range of orientation of the smectic layers.
- it makes it possible to work with an angle between normal to the smectic layers and the direction of the field E p substantially different from 90 °.
- this is the first mode of implementation described (absence of E pi field) or the second mode of implementation described (application of the E pi field) that the first strong electric field (and possibly the reverse field) can have a direction making an angle between 90 ° and 10 ° with respect to the normal to the plane of the smectic layers.
- This wide variety of possible angles makes it possible to have simpler electrode geometries, taking into account the requirements linked to the use of such devices in total reflection.
- the preferred orientation is 45 °.
- FIG. 2 there is shown schematically, seen in plan, the division of the electrooptical layer 1 into domains 7 of square shape, limited by walls 6 of a secondary dielectric material. Areas 7 each have the size of an individually addressable pixel.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the electrooptical layer shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
- each pixel by walls of a dielectric material advantageously makes it possible to impose fields of opposite direction, causing, for the pixels considered, different orientations of the molecules of the electrooptical layer. Indeed, if the neighboring pixels were not separated with walls such as the walls 6, it would be created between two pixels subjected to fields of opposite direction, an area having crystal defects, which would increase energy consumption. This aspect of the invention aims to overcome this difficulty.
- references F and F 2 show the direction of friction or preferential alignment of the layer of anchoring material, limiting the electrooptical layer 1.
- the invention is applied to a screen addressed in column line.
- the electroptic layer 1 is sandwiched between the two layers of dielectric material 4 and 5, formed here by a polymer or a transparent mineral oxide, and forming a substrate on which the metal layers constituting the electrodes will be deposited. described below.
- Each light point here consists of two pixels.
- FIG 4 there is shown under the reference C a column, while under the reference L, there is shown a line. At the intersection of column C and line L there is a light point formed, in this example, by pixels 7a - 7b.
- the problem posed is to obtain the lighting of the light point formed by the pixels 7a - 7b.
- the means which will be described are arranged to apply the fields E p and E N when the time comes.
- the lines are separated by electrodes 1 2 u 1 2 2 , 1 2 3 , ete ...
- the electrodes 1 2 ,, 12 2 ete ... are produced by photoengraving of a metal layer deposited under vacuum on the support substrate 5. It will be observed that the resulting field lines are curved which does not in no way prevents an average field E p parallel to the faces of the substrate from existing.
- the means for carrying out column addressing consist of: on the one hand, by a ground electrode 9, covering the entire surface of the substrate 4.
- This electrode which is produced by the deposition of a metal layer on the substrate 4, is set to a predetermined potential, in this case 0 volts.
- each of these electrodes is here constituted by a central core 14 1 f 14 2 , 14 3 , ete .. separating the pixels into groups of two. It can be seen, in FIG. 4, that the central core 14 2 allows the sharing of the pixels 7a - 7b.
- Each of the electrodes 1 3,, 13 2 , 13 3 ete .. comprises on the other hand, a series of transverse webs 1 5. Each transverse web 1 5 ends with a point 50 making it possible to generate a strong electric field at its balance by tip effect.
- the electrodes 1 3 ,, 13 2 , 1 3 3 , ete ... are also produced by photogravure of a metal layer deposited on the substrate 5 opposite the layer constituting the electrode 12 (see figure 5).
- the addressing system then comprises a set of electronic means and interfaces making it possible to address the light points, in accordance with image data.
- These means include ( Figure 6):
- EL comprising in particular logic means (microprocessor, read-only memory, random access memory, etc.), programmed to control in particular the switching sequences described below,
- a line voltage generator GTL making it possible to apply sequentially, to the control of the electronic circuit EL, the bias voltages E p required on the electrodes 1 2,, 1 2 2 , 1 2 3 , ete ... - a generator of column voltage GTC allowing to apply sequentially, between the ground electrode 9 and the electrode 1 3,, 1 3 2 , 13 3 required, a bias voltage E N.
- FIG. 7A there is shown very schematically the series of electrodes 1 2,, 1 2 2 , ete ... and the electrodes in the form of a distribution shaft 13 ,, 1 3 2 , 13 3 ete ...
- FIG. 7B there is shown, by way of explanatory example, with reference to lines 12, 12 2 summer ... the polarizations applied sequentially at times t 0 , t, and t 2 .
- FIG. 7B the voltages applied successively to eight electrodes 1 2, - 1 2 8 are shown .
- the first electrode 1 2, as well as the electrodes 1 2 7 and 1 2 8 are at zero potential, only the electrodes 1 2 2 - 1 2 6 being polarized alternately with negative and then positive voltages.
- the line 1 2 2 is canceled, that is to say that it is set to the OV potential, while the line 1 2 7 is positively biased.
- the third electrode 1 2 3 is depolarized, that is to say that it is set to zero potential, while the line 1 2 8 is negatively polarized. It is observed that thus five consecutive electrodes 1 2 n are at any time t positively or negatively polarized, and that these electrodes are shifted sequentially. In this preferred embodiment, which relates to a conventional video image, this offset is made at the frequency of 24 Hz.
- FIG. 7A the fields applied due to the polarization of the electrodes 1 2 at t are shown. It is observed that four lines of light points (each consisting of two individual cells) are thus polarized so that a strong parallel electric field E p is generated inside the cells concerned, the molecular layers constituting the crystal, then taking the unstable position described above.
- a positive bias is applied to the electrode 1 3 3 and a negative bias to the electrodes 13,, 13 2 , 13 4 .
- a compensation signal is applied to all the columns equal to the inverse of the polarization signal sent at t 2 , this in order to compensate for the neighboring lines the effects of the normal field applied to the activated line (that is to say the one that has just been switched) to avoid drag effects.
- the pulses respectively sent at t 2 and t 2 + dt are shown on the columns controlled by the electrodes 1 3 3 and 1 3 5 , the pulses sent on the other columns in this example being inverse.
- the supports 40 and 41 ′ arranged on either side of the dielectric layers 4 and 5 here consist of a glass of refractive index 1, 7.
- the dielectric layers 4 and 5 here consist of a polyimide layer with a refractive index of 1.7, or a mineral oxide with a high refractive index of 1.7, whose thickness is of the order of size of the large side of the domains 7, which have a dimension of 3 x 3.0 ⁇ m.
- - layer 1 here consists of a chiral smectic liquid crystal having a precession angle of the smectic cone of 90 degrees and is divided into pixels or domains 7 with a side of 3 ⁇ m and a thickness of 0.5 micrometer, oriented layer so as to orient the smectic layers parallel to the median at domains 7.
- the smectic layers are oriented parallel to one of the sides of the domains 7.
- the conductive layer 9 consists of a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO).
- the electrodes 1 2 ,, 1 2 2 , summer ..., 1 3,, 13 2 summer ... are made of aluminum deposited in a thin layer and photo-etched.
- the weak electric field perpendicular to the anchoring faces E N is between 0.1 and 20 volts per micron.
- the average orientation of the liquid crystal anchoring is obtained under the effect of the field E p alone, and no alignment treatment is carried out on the faces of the cell proper.
- thermostation device constituted here by a heating resistor
- the walls 6 for separating the domains 7 are made of polyimide by deposition on the support 5 followed by a photoetching, the layer 1 being poured into the housings thus formed.
- Anchoring materials such as rubbed nylon, rubbed PVA, rubbed poiyimide with strong or very strong planar anchoring or evaporated SiO can be used for faces 2 and 3.
- the cells 7 will be made with a thin or very thin thickness (for example from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m) so that the length characterizing the strength of the anchoring, or characteristic length, on the walls 2 and 3 lateral of said layer is greater than said thickness of said cell.
- the walls 2 and 3 can be non-parallel in at least one area and define a bevel or corner area in at least one area of the cell, this in order to obtain areas in the cell where the mechanical stresses are high and of this does switch quickly.
- This device can in particular be used as an electro-optical switch in total reflection.
- the TE polarized indicator light is in this case incident at 45 ° from the direction of alignment or average orientation of the lines of liquid crystal cells and it is incident (cf. FIGS. 1 A and 1 B).
- Said system can function in particular as a spatial modulator of light in total reflection, for the creation of gray levels of a very
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9509799 | 1995-08-14 |
Publications (2)
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WO1997007427A2 true WO1997007427A2 (fr) | 1997-02-27 |
WO1997007427A3 WO1997007427A3 (fr) | 1997-06-12 |
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PCT/FR1996/001153 WO1997007427A2 (fr) | 1995-08-14 | 1996-07-22 | Procede de commande d'une cellule a cristal liquide et dispositif |
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JPS62194231A (ja) * | 1986-02-20 | 1987-08-26 | Seiko Epson Corp | 液晶駆動装置 |
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1996
- 1996-07-22 WO PCT/FR1996/001153 patent/WO1997007427A2/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 046 (P-665), 12 Février 1988 & JP 62 194231 A (SEIKO EPSON CORP), 26 Août 1987, * |
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WO1997007427A3 (fr) | 1997-06-12 |
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