WO1997007391A1 - Sonde d'echantillon d'indice serique - Google Patents

Sonde d'echantillon d'indice serique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997007391A1
WO1997007391A1 PCT/US1996/013139 US9613139W WO9707391A1 WO 1997007391 A1 WO1997007391 A1 WO 1997007391A1 US 9613139 W US9613139 W US 9613139W WO 9707391 A1 WO9707391 A1 WO 9707391A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
recited
channel
probe
tubular member
flow path
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/013139
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jack Mc Neal
Original Assignee
Beckman Instruments, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beckman Instruments, Inc. filed Critical Beckman Instruments, Inc.
Publication of WO1997007391A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997007391A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/021—Pipettes, i.e. with only one conduit for withdrawing and redistributing liquids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
    • G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
    • G01N35/00603—Reinspection of samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
    • G01N2021/054—Bubble trap; Debubbling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1009—Characterised by arrangements for controlling the aspiration or dispense of liquids
    • G01N35/1016—Control of the volume dispensed or introduced
    • G01N2035/1018—Detecting inhomogeneities, e.g. foam, bubbles, clots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N2035/1027—General features of the devices
    • G01N2035/1048—General features of the devices using the transfer device for another function
    • G01N2035/1062—General features of the devices using the transfer device for another function for testing the liquid while it is in the transfer device

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the field of sample probes for optical absorbance and scattering measurements. More particularly, the present invention pertains to a sample probe particularly suited for optical testing of a flow of a sample, for example blood, by measuring the optical characteristics of the sample under influence of an external light source.
  • the measurement of the optical characteristics of a fluid is typically used to determine the fluid's absorbance, turbidimetric and nephelometric properties, as well as the number of particles present and the particles' properties. Absorbance, turbidimetric and nephelometric measurements are made at different angles with respect to the incident light. The measurements have proved advantageous to the medical profession by allowing clinical analysis of patient samples. As the drive to reduce health care costs continues, automating the analysis of patient samples becomes increasingly important. One aspect of automation is assessing the suitability of a particular sample for analysis. Clinical laboratory practice has traditionally been to visually inspect the patient sample for conditions that could compromise the sample's suitability for analysis.
  • a conventional technique for determining the optical characteristics of a fluid sample includes placing the sample in a separate receptacle, test tube or cuvette and positioning the container in the flow path of a beam of light or other radiant energy.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,241,368 discloses a fiber-optic probe for absorbance and turbidity measurements of samples contained in separate receptacles.
  • the probe includes an elongated probe assembly removably insertable into a fluid, and a photometric light source to transmit light through fiber-optic cables.
  • One end of the assembly includes a bore through which fluid may pass, with the fiber-optic cables terminating on one side of the bore.
  • Disposed opposite to the fiber-optic cables in the bore is a mirrored surface. Light reflected from the mirrored surface is directed to a light detector to measure the light output of the probe assembly. In this manner, light twice passes through the fluid flowing through the bore, producing an indication of the absorbance or turbidity of the fluid.
  • the drawbacks with this device is that throughput is reduced by having to separate the samples into different containers and then inserting the probe into the different samples.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,497 discloses a combination absorbance fluorescence aspirating thermal cuvette including a flow cell having axial and radial optical paths.
  • a source of light directs a beam along the axis of a flow cell with a detector positioned opposite to the source of light to detect light exiting the flow cell.
  • a detector is also positioned radially from the axis of the flow cell to detect light exiting in that direction. In this manner, a plurality of in-situ measurements may be made simultaneously while a flow of fluid passes through the cell.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,181,082 to Jeannotte et al. discloses an on-line titration apparatus using colorimetric end point detection.
  • This apparatus includes a sample chamber to contain a test fluid that is transparent and disposed between two conical reflecting surfaces.
  • Light guides are optically connected to the conical reflecting surfaces to direct light parallel to the axis of the sample chamber.
  • Light traveling along an incident waveguide to a reflecting surface is reflected so as to propagate through the fluid perpendicular to the fluid flow.
  • Light exiting the fluid is incident on a reflecting surface so as to be transmitted through a return waveguide parallel to the sample chamber.
  • each device includes dead volumes which increases the possibility of carry-over between samples, which can greatly affect measurement, particularly if high concentration samples are carried over into low concentration samples.
  • the dead volumes can also cause turbulence and bubbles in the sample flow, further obscuring measurements.
  • wash fluid is necessitated to remove the carry-over/ residue in the flow cell. This results in an increased amount of waste fluid.
  • the increased amount of fluid poses several problems including increased costs, reduced throughput, as well as running afoul of federal environmental protection regulations.
  • the object, therefore, of the present invention is to provide an improved sample probe having reduced dead volume to increase throughput and abrogate turbulence in the sample flow.
  • a sample probe including a cuvette having a cylindrical channel coupled between a hollow cylindrical member and a hollow cylindrical needle by an optics block, with the channel and the needle having matching internal diameters and coaxially aligned along an axis, defining a smooth bore therebetween to virtually eliminate dead volumes.
  • the cuvette is positioned proximate to a puncturing tip. The proximity of the cuvette with the puncturing tip of the needle, along with the smooth bore, reduces turbulence and bubbles in the flow path.
  • the optics block provides a plurality of optical paths to the cuvette.
  • the optics block is an opaque multiported manifold having a central aperture, a perimeter surface disposed concentrically about the central aperture, and a plurality of bore holes.
  • the bore holes may include lenses and filters as required by the optical design of the system.
  • the cuvette is received within the central aperture.
  • the plurality of bore holes extend from the central aperture, perpendicular to the sample flow, terminating in an opening proximate to the perimeter surface. In this manner, absorbance, turbidimetric and nephelometric measurements may be simultaneously performed in-situ as a sample is contained statically within, or flows through, the probe.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the serum index sample probe in accord with the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the serum index sample probe in accord with the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of a cuvette as shown in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a top cross-sectional view of an optics block shown in Figs. 1 and 2 above.
  • Fig. 5 is a simplified plan view of the serum index sample probe configured for operation, in accord with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of the sample probe 11 including a manifold, such as optics block 13, having a central aperture 15 to receive a cuvette 17, as well as a plurality of clearance holes 19 to receive screws 21 or other fastening means therethrough.
  • a hollow needle 23, attached to a first bell member 27, and a tubular member 25, attached to a second bell member 29, are disposed on opposite ends of the cuvette 17.
  • Disposed proximate to each of the first 27 and second 29 bell members, on the side opposite to the cuvette 17, is a bearing surface 31 and 33, respectively.
  • Each bearing surface 31 and 33 includes a plurality of clearance holes 35 and 37, respectively, as well as a central through hole 34 and 36, respectively.
  • the clearance holes 35 and 37 of the bearing surfaces 31 and 33 are positioned so as to be axially aligned with each of the clearance holes 19 on the optics block 13, once in a final seating position.
  • the first 27 and second 29 bell members and the bearing surfaces 31 and 33 are formed from a metal.
  • the sample probe is shown upon final assembly. Upon reaching a final seating position with respect to the optics block 13, each end 43 and 45 of the cuvette 17 is contained within the central aperture 15, so that the optics block 13 completely en ⁇ capsulates the cuvette 17.
  • the cuvette 17 is cylindrical and includes a cylindrical channel 39 which defines a flow axis 41.
  • the first 27 and second 29 bell members each includes cup portion 47 and 49, respectively.
  • Cup portion 47 receives end 43 and cup portion 49 receives end 45.
  • Bearing surfaces 31 and 33 are positioned adjacent to a cup portions 47 and 49, respectively, with a portion of each bell member fitting in the central through hole.
  • Fastening means such as screws 21, are attached so that each screw passes through a clearance hole 35 in the first bearing surface 31, a clearance hole 19 in the optics block 13, and a clearance hole 37 in the second bearing surface 33.
  • a nut 51 may be placed over the end of each screw 21 to securely tighten the assembly. Upon tightening the nut, the bearing surfaces move towards each other, compressing the bell members, forming a fluid-tight seal between the cuvette 17, the needle 23 and the tubular member 25.
  • a resilient washer 28 made of a suitable material, e.g., Teflon, may be disposed between the cuvette and the cup portion of each resilient member, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • a suitable material e.g., Teflon
  • any fastening means may be employed.
  • the clearance holes in one or both of the bearing surfaces may be threaded, thereby obviating the need for a nut.
  • Critical to practicing the invention is the axial alignment of the tubular member 25, the needle 23 and the channel 39 so as to form a smooth bore, as shown in Fig. 3. To that end, it is necessary that the tubular member 25 and the needle 23 have the same cross-sectional shape as the channel 19.
  • the tubular member 25 and the needle 23 would be cylindrical, having the same internal diameter as the channel 19, thereby forming a smooth bore with a constant diameter along its length. If resilient washer 28 were employed, the washer 28 would have an aperture having a diameter equivalent to the internal diameter of channel 19, and coaxially aligned therewith.
  • the smooth bore also reduces dead volumes in the flow path, greatly reducing carry-over and thereby the amount of fluid required to clean the probe. In high volume testing applications, the reduced waste fluid can result in reduced processing costs, as well as increased ability to comply with ever increasing environmental regulations. This design also greatly reduces the turbulence of a fluid flow through the probe, which reduces the amount of bubbles created in the flow. Reducing the bubbles in the flow greatly increases the sensitivity of the probe, because bubbles can obscure optical measurements.
  • the cup portion of each bell member defines a cup diameter 53 coextensive with the outer diameter.
  • the cup diameter of the first bell member 47 and the diameter of the tubular member 25 are concentrically disposed with each other, and the cup diameter of the second bell member 49 and the diameter of the needle 23 are concentrically disposed with each other. This structure allows the cups portions to align the channel with the tubular member and the needle so that the flow path formed therebetween is a smooth bore.
  • the cuvette is placed proximate to a puncturing tip 30 of the needle 23 which also reduces the length of the flow path, thereby further reducing the time and distance over which bubbles could form.
  • This design also increases throughput as it allows transferring a sample via the probe simultaneous with performing absorbance, turbidimetric and nephelometric analysis of the sample. It is preferred that the cuvette is placed as close as possible to the puncturing tip, consistent with the need to extend to a bottom of a sample container.
  • Fig. 4 shows the optics block 13 including a plurality of bore holes 55, 57 and 59 extending from the central aperture 15 of the optics block 13, perpendicular to the flow axis 41.
  • Each of the bore holes 55, 57 and 59 terminates in an opening proximate to the perimeter surface 61 of the optics block 13.
  • Fittings 55a, 57a and 59a may extend from each opening, respectively.
  • Fittings 55a, 57a and 59a may be any type of fitting capable of coupling to a fiber-optic cable.
  • the optics block 13 may be formed of any rigid opaque material that can be manufactured to accommodate fittings 55a, 57a and 59a. Although three bore holes are shown, any number of bore holes may be present, dependent upon the application.
  • the perimeter surface may include a plurality of flat sections 61a - 61h, equally spaced about the perimeter surface, defining an octagon. Although eight flat sections are shown, any number may be present, defining, e.g., a hexagon, a cube, etc.
  • An advantage of providing the plurality of flat sections is the ease of positioning the bores at selected angles with respect to each other, as well as aligning the bores to provide a perpendicular optical path with respect to the channel.
  • an aspirating means such as a motorized syringe 63, is connected to the tubular member 25.
  • a sample flow will be present in the channel of the cuvette 17 by aspirating a sample through the puncturing tip 30 of the needle 23.
  • a fiber optic cable 55b, 57b, 59b will be connected to each fitting 55a, 57a and 59a.
  • At least one of the fiber optic cables will be optically coupled to a source of light 69, e.g., white light.
  • a further extension of the probe would be to have a series of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in optical communication with the optics block by fiber-optic cable.
  • the LEDs could be activated in sequence to test the spectral characteristics of the sample at differing wavelengths. The spectral characteristics of the sample could be tested using LEDs emitting any wavelength of light desired, depending upon the application.
  • the bores define a plurality of optical paths to the sample flow in the channel of the cuvette.
  • light may be transmitted through bore 55.
  • Light passing directly through the sample flow in the channel is collected by bore 59 and transmitted through the fiber-optic cable 59b to a photodetector 67 which may be used to perform a turbidimetric analysis of the sample flow.
  • Light scattered through the sample flow may be collected by bore 57 and transmitted via a fiber-optic cable 57b to a second detector 65 which may be used to perform nephelometric analysis of the sample flow. It is evident that the optics block 13 allows simultaneously collecting light from a plurality of fixed angles, with respect to the incident light transmitted through bore 55.
  • the key advantage of this invention is that it is relatively inexpensive to manufacture, yet provides increased sensitivity to optical measurements by reducing carry-over and turbulence in a flow path. It also increases the throughput of a sample handling by permitting simultaneous absorbance, turbidimetric and nephelometric analysis of a sample, while the sample is being transferred between work stations.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Sonde d'échantillon d'indice sérique possédant une cuve (17) comportant un canal cylindrique (39) raccordé entre un élément cylindrique creux (25) et une aiguille cylindrique creuse (23) par un bloc optique (13). Le canal et l'aiguille possèdent des diamètres correspondants et sont alignés le long d'un même axe (41), définissant entre eux un perçage lisse afin de limiter les volumes morts. La cuve est placée à proximité d'une pointe de perforation de l'aiguille, ce qui, avec le perçage lisse, limite les turbulences et les bulles dans le trajet d'écoulement. Le bloc optique (13) crée une pluralité de trajets optiques vers la cuve, tout en conservant un trajet d'écoulement linéaire. Ce bloc optique est un collecteur possédant une ouverture centrale (15), une surface (61) périphérique située de façon concentrique autour de l'ouverture centrale et une pluralité de perçages (55, 57, 59).
PCT/US1996/013139 1995-08-18 1996-08-12 Sonde d'echantillon d'indice serique WO1997007391A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US51656695A 1995-08-18 1995-08-18
US08/516,566 1995-08-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997007391A1 true WO1997007391A1 (fr) 1997-02-27

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0841556A1 (fr) * 1996-11-12 1998-05-13 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Sonde et méthode de détermination d'indices d'un sérum dans des échantillons de sérum
EP0864867A2 (fr) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-16 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. Amelioration de la cadence d'un analyseur en effectuant l'analyse à travers un embout de pipette
EP0939895A1 (fr) * 1996-11-15 1999-09-08 Steven Wilcox Appareil photometrique multifonctionnel
EP3418723A1 (fr) * 2017-06-23 2018-12-26 Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH Dispositif de pipettage comprenant un distributeur à plusieurs canaux destiné à la détermination d'extinction simultanée

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3263554A (en) * 1961-12-26 1966-08-02 Beckman Instruments Inc Cuvette with means for controlled volumetric displacement
US3573470A (en) * 1968-03-28 1971-04-06 California Inst Of Techn Plural output optimetric sample cell and analysis system
US3781116A (en) * 1971-10-14 1973-12-25 Coulter Chemistry Inc Colorimeter with automatic cuvette
US4440497A (en) * 1982-05-17 1984-04-03 Corning Glass Works Combination absorbance fluorescence aspirating thermal cuvette
EP0201824A2 (fr) * 1985-05-08 1986-11-20 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Photomètre d'absorption, turbidimétrique, de fluorescence et néphélométrique
US5181082A (en) * 1989-03-30 1993-01-19 The Foxboro Company On-line titration using colorimetric end point detection
US5241368A (en) * 1991-01-07 1993-08-31 Custom Sample Systems, Inc. Fiber-optic probe for absorbance and turbidity measurement

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3263554A (en) * 1961-12-26 1966-08-02 Beckman Instruments Inc Cuvette with means for controlled volumetric displacement
US3573470A (en) * 1968-03-28 1971-04-06 California Inst Of Techn Plural output optimetric sample cell and analysis system
US3781116A (en) * 1971-10-14 1973-12-25 Coulter Chemistry Inc Colorimeter with automatic cuvette
US4440497A (en) * 1982-05-17 1984-04-03 Corning Glass Works Combination absorbance fluorescence aspirating thermal cuvette
EP0201824A2 (fr) * 1985-05-08 1986-11-20 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Photomètre d'absorption, turbidimétrique, de fluorescence et néphélométrique
US5181082A (en) * 1989-03-30 1993-01-19 The Foxboro Company On-line titration using colorimetric end point detection
US5241368A (en) * 1991-01-07 1993-08-31 Custom Sample Systems, Inc. Fiber-optic probe for absorbance and turbidity measurement

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0841556A1 (fr) * 1996-11-12 1998-05-13 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Sonde et méthode de détermination d'indices d'un sérum dans des échantillons de sérum
EP0939895A1 (fr) * 1996-11-15 1999-09-08 Steven Wilcox Appareil photometrique multifonctionnel
EP0864867A2 (fr) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-16 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. Amelioration de la cadence d'un analyseur en effectuant l'analyse à travers un embout de pipette
EP0864867A3 (fr) * 1997-03-11 1999-07-21 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. Amelioration de la cadence d'un analyseur en effectuant l'analyse à travers un embout de pipette
EP3418723A1 (fr) * 2017-06-23 2018-12-26 Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH Dispositif de pipettage comprenant un distributeur à plusieurs canaux destiné à la détermination d'extinction simultanée

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