WO1997007179A1 - Compositions refrigerantes - Google Patents
Compositions refrigerantes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997007179A1 WO1997007179A1 PCT/GB1996/001955 GB9601955W WO9707179A1 WO 1997007179 A1 WO1997007179 A1 WO 1997007179A1 GB 9601955 W GB9601955 W GB 9601955W WO 9707179 A1 WO9707179 A1 WO 9707179A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- refrigerant composition
- azeotropic refrigerant
- refrigerant
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/106—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/34—The mixture being non-azeotropic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions and more particularly to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by refrigerant R-502 which is an azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-22) and chloropentafluoroethane (refrigerant R-115) .
- Heat transfer devices of the mechanical compression type such as refrigerators, freezers, heat pumps and air conditioning systems are well known.
- a refrigerant liquid of a suitable boiling point evaporates at low pressure taking heat from a surrounding heat transfer fluid.
- the resulting vapour i ⁇ then compressed arid passes to a condenser where it condenses and gives off heat to another heat transfer fluid.
- the condensate is then returned through an expansion valve to the evaporator so completing the cycle.
- the mechanical energy required for compressing the vapour and pumping the liquid may be provided by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
- the properties preferred of a refrigerant include low toxicity, non-flammability, non-corrosivity, high stability and freedom from objectionable odour.
- heat transfer devices have tended to use fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as trichlorofluoromethane (refrigerant R-ll) , dichlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-12), chlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-22) and the azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane and chloropentafluoroethane (refrigerant R-115) ; the azeotrope being refrigerant R-502.
- Refrigerant R-502 for example, has been widely used in low temperature refrigeration applications.
- the present invention provides a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition comprising a mixture of compounds having low or zero ozone depletion potentials which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by refrigerant R-502.
- the non-azeotropic refrigerant composition of the invention can exhibit an advantageously high refrigeration capacity.
- non-azeotropic (zeotropic) refrigerant composition comprising:
- the zeotropic refrigerant composition of the invention comprises three separate components.
- the first component (component (A)) is carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) which exhibits a low temperature refrigeration action subliming at around -78.5'C.
- the second component (component (B) ) is pentafluoroethane (R-125) which has a boiling point of around -48.5 * C.
- the third component (component (C) ) is 1,1, 1-trifluoroethane (R-143a) which has a boiling point of around -47.6 * C.
- the refrigerant composition of the invention may-also contain 1, 1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) which has a boiling point of around -26.5'C.
- R-134a 1, 1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane
- the amounts of the C0 2 , R-125 and R-143a and the amount of the R-134a (if included) in the refrigerant composition may be varied within wide limits, but typically the refrigerant composition will comprise from 1 to 20 % by weight C0 2 , from 25 to 70 % by weight R-125, from 25 to 70 % by weight R-143a and from 0 to 25 % by weight (for example, from 1 to 25 % by weight) R-134a.
- a preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to 15 % by weight CO., from 28 to 70 % by weight R-125 and from 28 to 70 % by weight R-143a.
- a particularly preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to 12 % by weight, more particularly from 2 to 10 % by weight, C0 2 , from 38 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 45 to 50 % by weight, R-125 and from 38 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 45 to 50 % by weight, R-143a.
- a preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to 15 % by weight CO,, from 27 to 70 % by weight R-125, from 27 to 70 % by weight R-143a and from 1 to 25 % by weight R-134a.
- a particularly preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 is one comprising from 2 to 15 % by weight, more particularly from 2 to 12 % by weight, C ⁇ 2 , from 37 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 35 to 45 % by weight, R-125, from 37 to 60 % by weight, more particularly from 43 to 53 % by weight, R-143a and from 1 to 10 % by weight, more particularly from 1 to 5 % by weight, R-134a.
- the refrigerant composition of the invention may also be combined with one or more hydrocarbon compounds in an amount which is sufficient to allow the composition to transport a mineral oil or alkyl benzene type lubricant around a refrigeration circuit and return it to the compressor.
- inexpensive lubricants based on mineral oils or alkyl benzenes may be used to lubricate the compressor.
- Suitable hydrocarbons for use with the refrigerant composition of the invention are those containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with hydrocarbons containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms being preferred.
- Propane and pentane are particularly preferred hydrocarbons, with pentane being especially preferred.
- a hydrocarbon is combined with the refrigerant composition of the invention, it will preferably be present in an amount of from 1 to 10 % by weight on the total weight of the refrigerant composition.
- the refrigerant composition of the invention may also be used in combination with the types of lubricants which have been specially developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants.
- lubricants include those comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol base oil.
- Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols include hydroxyl group initiated polyoxyalkylene glycols, e.g. ethylene and/or propylene oxide oligomers/polymers initiated on mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, butanol, pentaerythritol and glycerol.
- Such polyoxyalkylene glycols may also be end-capped with suitable terminal groups such as alkyl, e.g. methyl groups.
- lubricants which have been developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants and which may be used in combination with the present refrigerant compositions are those comprising a neopentyl polyol ester base oil derived from the reaction of at least one neopentyl polyol and at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid or an esterifiable derivative thereof.
- Suitable neopentyl polyols for the formation of the ester base oil include pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritols such as di- and tripentaerythritol, trimethylol alkanes such as trimethylol ethane and trimethylol propane, and neopentyl glycol.
- the esters may be formed with linear and/or branched aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as linear and/or branched alkanoic acids. Preferred acids are selected from the C 5-8 , particularly the C s . 7 , linear alkanoic acids and the C 5-10 , particularly the C 5-9 , branched alkanoic acids.
- a minor proportion of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid may also be used in the synthesis of the ester in order to increase the viscosity thereof.
- an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid e.g. an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid
- the amount of the carboxylic acid(s) which is used in the synthesis will be sufficient to esterify all of the hydroxyl groups contained in the polyol, although residual hydroxyl functionality may be acceptable.
- the zeotropic refrigerant composition of the present invention may be used to provide the desired cooling in heat transfer devices such as low temperature refrigeration systems by a method which involves condensing the refrigerant composition and thereafter evaporating it in a heat exchange relationship with a heat transfer fluid to be cooled.
- the refrigerant composition of the invention may be employed as a replacement for refrigerant R-502 in low temperature refrigeration applications.
- a composition comprising 2 % by weight C0 2 , 43.1 % by weight R-125, 51 % by weight R-143a and 3.9 % by weight R-134a.
- a composition comprising 5 % by weight C0 2 , 41.8 % by weight R-125, 49.4 % by weight R-143a and 3.8 % by weight R-134a.
- a composition comprising 10 % by weight C0 2 , 39.6 % by weight R-125, 46.8 % by weight R-143a and 3.6 % by weight R-134a.
- a composition comprising 2 % by weight C0 2 , 49 % by weight R-125 and 49 % by weight R-143a.
- a composition comprising 5 % by weight C0 2 , 47.5 % by weight R-125 and 47.5 % by weight R-143a.
- the performance parameters of the refrigerant compositions which are presented in Table 1, i.e. condenser pressure, evaporator pressure, discharge temperature, refrigeration capacity (by which is meant the cooling duty achieved per unit swept volume of the compressor) , coefficient of performance (COP) (by which is meant the ratio of cooling duty (refrigeration effect) achieved to mechanical energy supplied to the compressor) , and the glides in the evaporator and condenser (the temperature range over which the refrigerant composition boils in the evaporator and condenses in the condenser) , are all art recognised parameters.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96927146A EP0845019A1 (fr) | 1995-08-18 | 1996-08-12 | Compositions refrigerantes |
AU67076/96A AU6707696A (en) | 1995-08-18 | 1996-08-12 | Refrigerant compositions |
JP9509029A JPH11511190A (ja) | 1995-08-18 | 1996-08-12 | 冷媒組成物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9516920.7A GB9516920D0 (en) | 1995-08-18 | 1995-08-18 | Refrigerant compositions |
GB9516920.7 | 1995-08-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997007179A1 true WO1997007179A1 (fr) | 1997-02-27 |
Family
ID=10779410
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1996/001955 WO1997007179A1 (fr) | 1995-08-18 | 1996-08-12 | Compositions refrigerantes |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0845019A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11511190A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6707696A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2227857A1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB9516920D0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997007179A1 (fr) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6113803A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 2000-09-05 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions comprising difluoromethane or 1,1,1-trifluoroethane |
US6604368B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-08-12 | Refrigerant Products, Ltd. | R 12 replacement refrigerant |
US6606868B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-08-19 | Refrigerant Products, Ltd. | R 22 replacement refrigerant |
US6629419B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-10-07 | Refringerant Products Ltd. | CFC 12 replacement refrigerant |
US7861541B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2011-01-04 | Tiax Llc | System and method of refrigeration |
US7972528B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2011-07-05 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
US8551354B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2013-10-08 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
US9023231B2 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2015-05-05 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Non ozone depleting and low global warming potential refrigerants for low temperature refrigeration |
US10253233B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2019-04-09 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Non-ozone depleting and low global warming refrigerant blends |
US11459497B2 (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2022-10-04 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Low GWP refrigerant blends |
US11827834B2 (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2023-11-28 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Thermal pump refrigerants |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015214632A (ja) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-12-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 混合冷媒 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1992016597A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-18 | 1992-10-01 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Compositions refrigerantes non azeotropes comprenant du difluoromethane, du 1,1,1-trifluoroethane ou du propane |
DE4116274A1 (de) * | 1991-05-17 | 1992-11-19 | Forschungszentrum Fuer Kaeltet | Kaeltemittel |
EP0583179A1 (fr) * | 1992-08-12 | 1994-02-16 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Mélanges pseudo-azéotropiques de difluorométhane, de pentafluoroéthane et de 1,1,1-trifluoroéthane, et leur application comme fluides frigorigènes en réfrigération basse température |
-
1995
- 1995-08-18 GB GBGB9516920.7A patent/GB9516920D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-08-12 WO PCT/GB1996/001955 patent/WO1997007179A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-08-12 CA CA 2227857 patent/CA2227857A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-12 AU AU67076/96A patent/AU6707696A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-08-12 EP EP96927146A patent/EP0845019A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1996-08-12 JP JP9509029A patent/JPH11511190A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1992016597A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-18 | 1992-10-01 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Compositions refrigerantes non azeotropes comprenant du difluoromethane, du 1,1,1-trifluoroethane ou du propane |
DE4116274A1 (de) * | 1991-05-17 | 1992-11-19 | Forschungszentrum Fuer Kaeltet | Kaeltemittel |
EP0583179A1 (fr) * | 1992-08-12 | 1994-02-16 | Elf Atochem S.A. | Mélanges pseudo-azéotropiques de difluorométhane, de pentafluoroéthane et de 1,1,1-trifluoroéthane, et leur application comme fluides frigorigènes en réfrigération basse température |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6113803A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 2000-09-05 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions comprising difluoromethane or 1,1,1-trifluoroethane |
US6604368B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-08-12 | Refrigerant Products, Ltd. | R 12 replacement refrigerant |
US6606868B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-08-19 | Refrigerant Products, Ltd. | R 22 replacement refrigerant |
US6629419B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-10-07 | Refringerant Products Ltd. | CFC 12 replacement refrigerant |
US7861541B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2011-01-04 | Tiax Llc | System and method of refrigeration |
US8465664B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2013-06-18 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
US7972528B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2011-07-05 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
US8551354B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2013-10-08 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
US9062237B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2015-06-23 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
US9023231B2 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2015-05-05 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Non ozone depleting and low global warming potential refrigerants for low temperature refrigeration |
US10253233B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2019-04-09 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Non-ozone depleting and low global warming refrigerant blends |
US11459497B2 (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2022-10-04 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Low GWP refrigerant blends |
US11827834B2 (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2023-11-28 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Thermal pump refrigerants |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU6707696A (en) | 1997-03-12 |
EP0845019A1 (fr) | 1998-06-03 |
CA2227857A1 (fr) | 1997-02-27 |
GB9516920D0 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
JPH11511190A (ja) | 1999-09-28 |
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