WO1997005769A1 - Litiere pour animaux faite de bandelettes de papier et procede associe - Google Patents

Litiere pour animaux faite de bandelettes de papier et procede associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997005769A1
WO1997005769A1 PCT/US1996/012669 US9612669W WO9705769A1 WO 1997005769 A1 WO1997005769 A1 WO 1997005769A1 US 9612669 W US9612669 W US 9612669W WO 9705769 A1 WO9705769 A1 WO 9705769A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
paper strips
compost
length
bedding material
inch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/012669
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1997005769A9 (fr
Inventor
Carl V. Santoiemmo
Original Assignee
Ranpak Corp.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ranpak Corp. filed Critical Ranpak Corp.
Publication of WO1997005769A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997005769A1/fr
Publication of WO1997005769A9 publication Critical patent/WO1997005769A9/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the invention herein described relates generally to materials useful as bedding for large animals, and to methods of using the material as an animal bedding. More particularly, the invention relates to an animal bedding material composed of crimped cellulose paper strips, and methods of using same.
  • straw and wood chip shavings have been widely used bedding materials for large animals such as horses. Both have acceptable "muck out” qualities, although wood chip shavings are easier to "muck out” than straw. Both materials also have acceptable absorption properties. Nevertheless, the use of straw and wood chip shavings for large animal bedding is not without drawbacks. For example, wood chip shavings have a tendency to cling to the animal. Additionally, both wood chip shavings and straw are dusty. Dust is a significant problem in controlled environments as the dust gets into the ventilation system and clogs filters. Also, dust is undesirable for medical reasons and is of concern to veterinarians. Shredded recycled paper, specifically newsprint and computer paper, has been proposed as an alternative to straw and wood chip shavings. Shredded recycled paper, however, has been considered undesirable because of ink transfer to the animal and dust. Also, shredded paper usually lays flat and has a tendency to mat, thereby providing less cushioning than wood chip shavings or straw.
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 5,088,972, 5,134,013 and 5,173,352 disclose another type of paper product particularly well suited for use as a void fill material in place of plastic peanuts.
  • the product generally comprises a mass of intertwined crimped cellulose paper strips.
  • Each paper strip has a narrow width, an elongated length, and over the length thereof a plurality of transverse folds alternately creased in opposite directions to provide each strip with an accordion-like construction.
  • the paper strips in the mass are generally intertwined or interconnected with each other, this along with their crimped construction providing a resiliently compressible mass of such strips having the ability to resist compressive forces as is desirable for use as a packaging material.
  • the EcoPak ® paper strips used for packaging have been about 1 /8 inch in width and about 4 inches in unfolded length, and thus have an unfolded length-to-width ratio of about 32.
  • Ranpak Corp. also sells under the trademark SizzlePak ® a similar type strip in a variety of colors. This strip, which is about 1 /8 inch wide and about 9 inches in unfolded length, has a variety of uses including use as a decorative packaging material, a decorative accent for flower arrangements, etc. Another concern to stables and race tracks is disposal of the waste bedding material.
  • the present invention provides a novel bedding material for large animals that eliminates one or more of the drawbacks associated with previously used bedding materials such as straw and wood chip shavings.
  • each of the paper strips has a width greater than about 3/16 inch and an average folded length of about 1 inch or less. Characterized otherwise, each of the paper strips have an unfolded length-to-width ratio of at least about 7 and have an average folded length less than about 75% of its unfolded length.
  • bedding material according to the present invention have desirable mucking out properties akin to those of wood chip shavings, and are less prone to clumping thereby eliminating or minimizing the problem of bare spots.
  • bedding material according to the present invention is relatively dust-free and is more compressible for improved cushioning and also for reduced volume transport and storage of use equivalent amounts of bedding product.
  • a preferred bedding material according to the present invention has more consistent quality than typically encountered when using straw or wood chip shavings, being found to be able to maintain its integrity for long periods of time, such as a week or more.
  • a preferred bedding material according to the invention has been found to reduce waste when mucking out, and reduce odors.
  • the bedding material has been found to significantly reduce odor when compared with straw.
  • the bedding material may also be treated with other use enhancing additives such as an anti-bacterial agent or flame-retardant agent.
  • a preferred bedding material according to the invention is useful as a compost after soiling, and has other desirable attributes including increased absorption, cleanliness, pleasing appearance and nontoxicity. All of these and still other advantages are attainable by the present invention.
  • the invention also provides a method of using the aforesaid material as bedding for large animals, such as animals weighing more than 100 pounds and usually more than 200 pounds or more, such as horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, etc.
  • large animals such as animals weighing more than 100 pounds and usually more than 200 pounds or more, such as horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, etc.
  • Such use involves spreading the paper strips over a floor, such as the floor of a stall, thereby covering the floor to provide cushioning for the animal and also a vehicle for absorbing animal waste and otherwise facilitating disposal of animal waste.
  • the bedding product may be stored and/or shipped in a relatively compressed condition in a container, such as a bag, and later removed from the container and allowed to expand as while it is being spread onto the floor of a stall.
  • the invention provides a method for housing a large animal including the steps of keeping the animal in an enclosed area, and covering the floor of the closed area with the aforesaid bedding material.
  • the invention also provides an animal housing structure comprising an enclosed area for keeping the animal and the aforesaid bedding material covering the floor of the enclosed area.
  • the invention also advantageously provides a new product for mushroom growing, while alleviating a disposal problem for stables, race tracks, etc.
  • This new product, or compost ingredient is characterized by a resiliently compressible, loose assemblage of crimped cellulose paper strips each having over the length thereof a plurality of transverse folds alternately creased in opposite directions to provide the strip with an accordion-like construction, which strips are intermixed with and/or soiled by manure, particularly horse manure.
  • This compost ingredient may be used alone and/or with other compost base material, such as wheat straw bedded horse manure, to form a compost and particularly a compost suitable for growing mushrooms.
  • the invention also provides a method for growing mushrooms.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an animal bedding material according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration showing a tray of compost on which mushrooms are grown.
  • Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an animal bedding material according to the invention
  • the bedding material designated generally by reference numeral 10
  • the bedding material comprises a plurality of crimped cellulose paper strips 12.
  • the paper strips are generally of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,088,972, 5,134,013 and 5,173,352, and in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 07/861 ,225 and 08/153,360, which patents and applications are assigned to applicant's assignee and are hereby incorporated herein by this reference.
  • each paper strip 12 has a narrow width, an elongated length, and over the length thereof a plurality of transverse folds alternately creased in opposite directions to provide each strip with an accordion-like construction.
  • each strip has an unfolded length less than about 3 inches, and more particularly an unfolded length between about 1/2 inch and about 2.5 inches, with a preferred range being between about 1 inch and about 2.25 inches.
  • the number of folds will be dependent on the width and length, there generally being between about 1 to about 20 transverse folds or creases per inch of unfolded length, and more preferably between about 6 to about 16 transverse folds or creases per inch of unfolded length.
  • each of the paper strips may have an unfolded length- to-width ratio of at least about 7:1 and an average folded length less than about 75% of its unfolded length. More preferably, the paper strips have an average unfolded length-to-width ratio in the range of about 1 : 1 to 20: 1 and still more preferably in the range of about 5:1 to 10:1 ; while the average folded length is between about 25-75% of the unfolded length and more preferably between about 40-60%.
  • the paper strips 12 can be made of any type of cellulose paper that is absorbent to animal waste and of sufficient strength to form the elongated crimped structures referred to above.
  • the paper should have a moisture capacity of about 50% to about 400%, and preferably about 1 50% to about 300%.
  • suitable types of paper include natural kraft paper, particularly virgin kraft paper and recycled kraft paper.
  • the paper has a basis weight of about 20 to about 100 pounds, and more preferably about 90 pounds.
  • a preferred paper material is 90 pound basis weight kraft paper or equivalent liner board (used as the outer liners in corrugated cardboard).
  • multi-ply kraft paper having a combined basis weight of about 90 pounds, such as three plies of 25-35 pound basis weight kraft paper.
  • the single or multi-ply paper strips may be produced in the manner described in the aforesaid commonly assigned patents and patent applications.
  • a particularly preferred bedding material is composed of paper strips formed from 90 pound basis weight natural kraft paper having a width of about 1/4 inch, an unfolded length of about 2 3/16 inch, and an average folded length of about 1 inch. Also, the strips may have an average number of folds per inch of about 10 to about 20. Such a material has been found to exhibit excellent mucking out properties akin to those of wood chip shavings, but without the drawbacks associated with wood chip shavings.
  • the inventive bedding material is resistant to clumping thereby eliminating or minimizing the problem of bare spots on the floor as might arise from an animal dragging its hoof.
  • the bedding material according to the present invention is relatively dust-free and is more compressible for improved cushioning and also for reduced volume transport and storage of use equivalent amounts of bedding product.
  • the bedding material being a manufactured product, can exhibit more consistent quality than typically encountered when using straw or wood chip shavings.
  • the bedding material also has been found to reduce waste when mucking out and to reduce odors up to 80% or more than straw.
  • the bedding material also is less prone to clinging to the animal when compared to wood chip shavings.
  • the paper strips being made of kraft paper or paper board, are biodegradable and further may be used as a compost, particularly in the mushroom industry.
  • the bedding material may also be treated with an odor reducing or neutralizing agent for enhancing odor elimination, or other use enhancing additives such as an anti-bacterial agent.
  • an odor reducing or neutralizing agent for enhancing odor elimination, or other use enhancing additives such as an anti-bacterial agent.
  • the bedding material has been found to reduce significantly odor when compared with straw.
  • a preferred bedding material has other desirable attributes including cleanliness, pleasing appearance and nontoxicity. All of these advantages are attainable by the present invention. Because of its resiliently compressible nature, the bedding product 10 may stored and/or shipped in a relatively compressed condition in a container, such as a bag, and later removed from the container and allowed to expand as while it is being spread onto the floor of a stall.
  • Fig. 2 there is illustrated a method of using the aforesaid material as bedding for large animals, such as animals weighing more than 100 pounds and usually more than 200 pounds or more, such as horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, etc.
  • large animals such as animals weighing more than 100 pounds and usually more than 200 pounds or more, such as horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, etc.
  • the reference herein to a "large" animal is intended to mean an animal weighing more than 100 pounds unless otherwise indicated.
  • the bedding material is used by spreading the paper strips 12 over a floor, such as the floor 22 of a stall 24, thereby covering the floor to provide cushioning for the animal 26 and also a vehicle for absorbing animal waste and otherwise facilitating disposal of animal waste.
  • the reference numeral 24 is used to designate a stall or other enclosure, although the enclosing walls thereof are not being illustrated for simplicity of illustration and since one skilled in the art will readily appreciate the many types of enclosures with which the present invention may be practiced.
  • the manure laden paper strips may be used as a compost ingredient and particularly as an ingredient in compost suitable for growing mushrooms.
  • the manure laded paper strips may be used in place of or in addition to wheat straw bedded horse manure, the latter being in common use as a primary ingredient in mushroom compost since the turn of the century. Such use may be in accordance with conventional composting and mushroom growing techniques.
  • the base for the compost may be formulated from 10 to 100% dry wgt. of horse manure laden paper strips (SKeep) and 0-90% dry wgt. of other base compost such as wheat-straw-bedded horse manure (WSHM). More preferably, the compost base contains 30-100%, more preferably 70- 100% and still more preferably 100% SKeep, with the balance formed by another compost base or bases, preferably WSHM.
  • the compost may also include other conventional composting ingredients such as poultry manure, for example in the range of 68 to 156 pounds per ton. Other ingredients are set forth in Table 1 below.
  • Composts were formulated to provide for a comparison between the horse manure laden paper strips (SKeep) and manure laden wheat straw, herein referred to as wheat-straw-bedded horse manure (WSHM). Partial amounts of SKeep also were mixed with WSHM for comparison testing. Tables 1 A-1 D lists the ingredients used in four composts that were prepared.
  • Gyp 12 3 11.6 — — ⁇ —
  • Gyp 12 3 11.6 — — 85 —
  • Phase I Ingredients for four piles of compost were formulated, based on their nitrogen content (%N) and initial Carbon:Nitrogen (C:N) ratio, weighed, and formed into small, separated piles of between 1.5 and 2.0 cubic yards.
  • the initial phase of composting, Phase I was conducted using a typical turning schedule and irrigation regime.
  • Compost piles were built on Day 1 , and periodically turned approximately every other day until Day 10 for a 9-day composting schedule with no pre-conditioning. Water was applied to the compost based on the color, feel, and temperature regime of each compost pile, and water additions occurred throughout Phase I composting.
  • Composting temperatures for SKeep during Phase I composting were highest after 1 st turning (159-162°F), and were associated with the 66% SKeep.
  • WSHM temperatures were maximum after 2nd turning, but they only reached to between 141-152°F.
  • the lowest composting temperatures of the SKeep treatments were associated with the 100% SKeep, although this treatment experienced 150-154°F after second turning for more than 12 hours. Temperatures for all treatments were below 150°F between third turning and the filling.
  • the low ash contents associated with the 100% SKeep reflected the purity of the base material, brown kraft paper.
  • the lower ash contents of the three SKeep-based composts resulted in significantly higher amounts of organic matter; organic matter is what supports the growth of mushrooms.
  • the range in C:N ratios is related to the nitrogen and ash contents of the different compost formulations.
  • BioEfficiency Dry Wgt Compost at Spawning/ Fresh Wgt Mushrooms (per sq. ft.) x 100

Abstract

L'invention concerne une litière (10) et un procédé pour réaliser une litière pour des animaux de grande taille. Ce matériau est constitué d'une masse agrégée, peu compacte, compressible et élastique, de bandelettes froncées (12) en papier de cellulose, présentant chacune, suivant sa longueur, une pluralité de plis transversaux dans des directions alternativement opposées, pour constituer une structure (12) en forme d'accordéon. Chacune des bandelettes de papier (12) a une largeur inférieure à 3/16 de pouce environ et une longueur moyenne à l'état plié d'environ 1 pouce ou moins. De manière caractéristique, chacune des bandelettes de papier (12) présente à l'état déplié un rapport longueur sur largeur d'au moins 7 et à l'état repliée une longueur correspondant à moins de 75 % environ de la longueur dépliée. La litière (10) de l'invention de ce type, lorsqu'elle est chargée de déjections, est utile pour réaliser un compost (32) convenant à la culture des champignons.
PCT/US1996/012669 1995-08-04 1996-08-02 Litiere pour animaux faite de bandelettes de papier et procede associe WO1997005769A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US193895P 1995-08-04 1995-08-04
US60/001,938 1995-08-04

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WO1997005769A1 true WO1997005769A1 (fr) 1997-02-20
WO1997005769A9 WO1997005769A9 (fr) 1997-05-09

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1093716A1 (fr) * 1999-10-21 2001-04-25 Peparlet Co., Ltd. Matériau pour enlever l'urine ou les autres déchets liquides produits par des animaux
US7137971B2 (en) * 1999-08-27 2006-11-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Incontinence garment having pleated extensible liquid retention layer
WO2009109677A1 (fr) * 2008-03-04 2009-09-11 Biothek Ecologic Fuel, S.L. Procédé de récupération de cellulose et utilisation dans la fabrication de lits pour le bétail
WO2013049441A1 (fr) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 FiberCore, LLC Matériau de remplissage de produits en vrac multicouches
ITSA20110025A1 (it) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-21 Canto S P A Di Litter relaxing: materiale per lettiere in carta riciclata per animali ad uso sportivo.
EP3355695A4 (fr) * 2015-11-30 2019-05-01 Alonim Breeders Farm Ltd Système pour prévenir des maladies infectieuses
CN111053041A (zh) * 2019-12-23 2020-04-24 北京宜禾原现代农业科技研究院 一种牛栏粪污吸纳式健康卫生玉米秸秆垫及其应用

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4411682A (en) * 1981-09-14 1983-10-25 Brill J H Process and apparatus for producing compost
US5134013A (en) * 1989-11-02 1992-07-28 Eco-Pack Industries, Inc. Folding and crimping apparatus
US5429073A (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-07-04 Shakespeare Company Bedding materials for animals
US5468525A (en) * 1991-04-05 1995-11-21 Patriot Packaging Corporation Spiral coils suitable for cushioning use

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4411682A (en) * 1981-09-14 1983-10-25 Brill J H Process and apparatus for producing compost
US5134013A (en) * 1989-11-02 1992-07-28 Eco-Pack Industries, Inc. Folding and crimping apparatus
US5403259A (en) * 1989-11-02 1995-04-04 Ranpak Corp. Resilient packing product and method and apparatus for making same
US5134013B1 (en) * 1989-11-02 1998-01-20 Ranpak Corp Folding and crimping apparatus
US5468525A (en) * 1991-04-05 1995-11-21 Patriot Packaging Corporation Spiral coils suitable for cushioning use
US5429073A (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-07-04 Shakespeare Company Bedding materials for animals

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7137971B2 (en) * 1999-08-27 2006-11-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Incontinence garment having pleated extensible liquid retention layer
EP1093716A1 (fr) * 1999-10-21 2001-04-25 Peparlet Co., Ltd. Matériau pour enlever l'urine ou les autres déchets liquides produits par des animaux
US6405676B1 (en) 1999-10-21 2002-06-18 Peparlet Co., Ltd. Discharged urine or other waste fluids processing material for animals
WO2009109677A1 (fr) * 2008-03-04 2009-09-11 Biothek Ecologic Fuel, S.L. Procédé de récupération de cellulose et utilisation dans la fabrication de lits pour le bétail
ES2376602A1 (es) * 2008-03-04 2012-03-15 Biothek Ecologic Fuel S.L. Recuperación de celulosa reciclada para uso ganadero.
WO2013049441A1 (fr) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 FiberCore, LLC Matériau de remplissage de produits en vrac multicouches
US9707731B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2017-07-18 FiberCore, LLC Multi-layered bulk product filling material
ITSA20110025A1 (it) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-21 Canto S P A Di Litter relaxing: materiale per lettiere in carta riciclata per animali ad uso sportivo.
EP2606719A1 (fr) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-26 Di Canto S.p.A. Litière de cheval, en particulier pour chevaux de course, faite de papier recyclé
EP3355695A4 (fr) * 2015-11-30 2019-05-01 Alonim Breeders Farm Ltd Système pour prévenir des maladies infectieuses
CN111053041A (zh) * 2019-12-23 2020-04-24 北京宜禾原现代农业科技研究院 一种牛栏粪污吸纳式健康卫生玉米秸秆垫及其应用

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