WO1997004303A1 - Examen d'un diamant - Google Patents

Examen d'un diamant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997004303A1
WO1997004303A1 PCT/GB1996/001752 GB9601752W WO9704303A1 WO 1997004303 A1 WO1997004303 A1 WO 1997004303A1 GB 9601752 W GB9601752 W GB 9601752W WO 9704303 A1 WO9704303 A1 WO 9704303A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diamond
radiation
beams
screen
pattem
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1996/001752
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Phillip Smith
Original Assignee
Gersan Establishment
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gersan Establishment filed Critical Gersan Establishment
Priority to JP9506453A priority Critical patent/JPH11509630A/ja
Priority to EP96925015A priority patent/EP0840891A1/fr
Priority to GB9800373A priority patent/GB2317693B/en
Priority to AU65272/96A priority patent/AU711507B2/en
Publication of WO1997004303A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997004303A1/fr
Priority to HK98111054A priority patent/HK1014446A1/xx

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/87—Investigating jewels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for testing whether a natural diamond has had a layer of synthetic diamond deposited thereon. This is of particular importance in testing whether the diamond is wholly natural or whether any part of it comprises CVD diamond material and also in locating such material if present.
  • Synthetic diamond material may be deposited on an uncut or part processed natural diamond which is then worked, for example, into a round brilliant cut. Altematively. the synthetic diamond material coating may be deposited onto a fully fashioned brilliant stone after working of the stone. The thickness of the synthetic diamond material layer may be very thin (it could be in the range from 5 microns to 10 microns) but the present invention may also be used to detect thicker layers
  • the value of a diamond is in part dependent upon its weight. Accordingly, synthetic diamond material may be deposited onto natural gem diamonds, before or after cutting of the diamond, to increase the weight ofthe finished product. However, the value of a diamond also resides in its qualities of authenticity and uniqueness and in the fact that it is an entirely natural (ie mined) product Thus, a diamond that has not been enlarged by deposition of synthetic diamond material has a value over a diamond which has.
  • CVD chemical vapour deposition
  • CVD diamond material a low pressure technique involving deposition of synthetic diamond (referred to as CVD diamond material in this specification) onto a substrate from a gas.
  • CVD is the most likely way in which synthetic diamond will be deposited on a diamond, although alternative techniques such as physical vapour deposition have been proposed.
  • a diamond artificially enlarged by deposition of C ⁇ D or similar diamond material is referred to in this specification as a "CVD/natural diamond doublet"
  • CVD diamond material may be deposited on a non-diamond or diamond substrate In the latter case, the CVD diamond material can replicate the structure of the diamond substrate (referred to as "homoepitaxial growth")
  • the CVD/natural diamond doublet produced can be identical in appearance, density and other common physical properties to an entirely natural stone and there may be a problem in identifying such a C ⁇ D/natural diamond doublet
  • a method of testing whether a diamond has had a layer of synthetic diamond deposited thereon is disclosed in British Patent Application No 9401354.7.
  • a plurality of pans of the diamond are irradiated with radiation substantially of wavelength substantially in the range 230nm to 320 ⁇ m and the transmission of the irradiating radiation by the diamond is observed
  • the invention of GB 9401354.7 is based upon the observation that where different zones of a diamond show differences in their absorption of radiation substantially of wavelength substantially 230nm to 320nm, it may be concluded that the diamond in question has a layer of synthetic diamond deposited thereon. It is further observed that if all zones of a diamond strongly absorb radiation substantialh of wavelength substantially 230nm to 320nm. the diamond may be classified as almost certainly a wholly natural diamond.
  • the intensity of radiation transmitted by the zones of the diamond may be investigated using an imaging apparatus or by placing the diamond in an integrating sphere
  • an image of the diamond is formed against a dark or light background.
  • the apparatus should be simple and inexpensive and may be put into operation by a person with relatively little traimng.
  • the method and apparatus should be capable of being operated reliably and consistently by a practised jeweller who has no training in laboratory gemological analysis.
  • the present invention provides a method of testing whether a diamond has had a layer of synthetic diamond deposited thereon, comprising
  • the present invention uses the same principles of absorption of certain wavelengths of ultra-violet radiation by certain types of diamond as used in GB 9401354 7
  • the present inventors have discovered that the different interaction of different types of diamond with ultraviolet radiation of the waveband in question can affect the pattern of spots obtained and help to identify superficial synthetic diamond layers
  • the invention is based upon the observation that the majority of natural diamonds are classified as type IaA or IaAB and very strongly absorb ultraviolet radiation of wavelength shorter than approximately 320 nm, whereas a synthetic diamond layer will normally be of a type which strongly absorbs ultraviolet radiation of wavelength shorter than approximately 230 nm, in particular type II diamond
  • natural diamond is generally expected to give weak or unobservable reflected and refracted beams with radiation of wavelength shorter than 320 nm
  • a synthetic diamond layer is generally expected to give a complex pattern of reflected and refracted beams Any diamonds which give results suggesting the presence of a synthetic layer should be referred for further testing
  • substantially the whole of the presented face of the diamond is irradiated This allows a complete pattern of beams to be formed and observed
  • the beam of radiation to the diamond from a number of directions in succession and to compare the patterns obtained Interpretation of the results will be discussed further below It may be sufficient to test only a few faces (maybe only two) in order to detect a difference in the patte of reflected and refracted beams. Preferably, however, a large number of faces are irradiated in succession
  • the diamond may be irradiated with suitable radiation (as discussed below) by exposing it to radiation from a suitable source.
  • suitable radiation as discussed below
  • the irradiating radiation may be focussed if necessary.
  • the beam of irradiating radiation may be of size less than the presented face of the diamond but is preferably greater in size
  • the pattem of reflected and refracted beams observed does not correspond to the image of the diamond What is observed is the pattem produced where the reflected and refracted beams intercept a notional plane displaced from the diamond A screen or scanning means may be placed at this notional plane The scanning means may measure the intensity of light at each point on the notional plane to thereby record the pa ⁇ em of reflected and refracted beams
  • the pattem of reflected and refra ⁇ ed beams is observed by placing a screen a predetermined distance from the diamond so that the beams of reflected and refracted radiation impinge upon the screen, and detecting the pattem on the screen.
  • a screen a predetermined distance from the diamond so that the beams of reflected and refracted radiation impinge upon the screen, and detecting the pattem on the screen.
  • an image of the pa ⁇ em on the screen is formed.
  • the screen may be movable and angularly adjustable with respect to the diamond
  • the screen is particularly preferably placed on the direction-of-irradiation side of the diamond, so that back-scattered reflected and refracted beams are observed.
  • the irradiating radiation passes to the diamond through an aperture in the screen.
  • the screen may comprise an ultraviolet sensitive fluorescent screen for revealing the patte of beams produced.
  • the screen may be observed by eye through an observing means having a filter for cutting out hazardous irradiating radiation.
  • a camera may be used to observe the screen.
  • the radiation observed could comprise a narrow band of wavelengths lying substantially in the above mentioned range, a number of such narrow bands or it could be a relatively broad band. Optionally, it falls substantially in the range 230nm to 300nm. being preferably below 290nm.
  • the radiation observed may comprise some radiation of wavelength falling outside the range 230 nm to 320 nm but such radiation is preferably of sufficiently low intensity to avoid confusing the beams observed at the wavelength of interest.
  • the radiation may be generated by a suitable laser, e.g. a 248nm krypton fluoride excimer laser.
  • the diamond may be irradiated only with such radiation (produced by a laser or by a wider band source having a filter) Altematively, the diamond may be irradiated with radiation of a broader range of wavelengths, wavelength selective means such as a filter being provided between the diamond and the screen or imaging means to pass radiation of wavelength substantially 230 nm to 320 nm If the diamond is irradiated with radiation substantially of wavelength substantially 230 nm to 320 nm, wavelength selective means may also be provided to exclude radiation produced by fluorescence excited by the incident ultraviolet radiation Normally, however, the intensity of fluorescence is not strong enough to require filtering
  • the irradiating radiation When the irradiating radiation is incident on a zone of the diamond, it will generally be strongly absorbed or partially transmitted The radiation transmitted by a zone of the diamond will be refracted inside the diamond and some transmitted radiation may be observed leaving the surface of the diamond Thus, a pattem of beams of reflected and refracted radiation will be produced when a face of a diamond is irradiated
  • the intensity of reflected beams from any given surface will depend in part upon the transmissivitv of that surface and in part upon the angle of incidence of the radiation upon the surface
  • the intensity of refracted radiation beams will depend in pan upon the transmissivity of the diamond matenal of a pan observed and in pan on its thickness
  • Natural diamond usually has such a high abso ⁇ tion coefficient at the wavelengths in question that incident radiation is almost totally absorbed C ⁇ D or other synthetic diamond material surface layers are commonly of a type that at least partially transmits the radiation, in particular type II diamond.
  • the diamond may be inadiated with radiation which is substantially transmitted by all types of diamond, such as visible radiation, so that a reference pattem may be formed This pattem may then be compared to a patte obtained using the first mentioned radiation, preferably with the diamond in the same configuration
  • the reference pattem is expected to show relatively strong and complex pattems of reflected and refracted radiation for all types of diamond
  • the present invention fu ⁇ her provides apparatus for testing whether a diamond has had a layer of synthetic diamond deposited thereon, comprising means for inadiating the diamond with ultraviolet radiation, and
  • a screen mounted a predetermined distance from the diamond so that the screen intercepts a pattem of beams of reflected and refracted radiation produced when a diamond is inadiated, and means f:r allowing the pattem of beams of radiation substantially of wavelength substantially in the range 230nm to 320nm on the screen to be observer
  • the apparatus according to the invention could be automated to automatically inte ⁇ re: and analyse images or readings produced
  • this is not prefened as a simple system in which the images are inte ⁇ reted by the operator is practicable and cheaper
  • Figure ' s a schematic illustration of apparatus according to the invention.
  • Figures la - 2f are schematic illustrations of patterns of reflected and refracted beams produced according to the present invention when various diamonds are inadiated with ultraviolet or visible radiation
  • a diamond 2 is inadiated with raczation of wavelength substantially in the range 230-320nm by a laser 3
  • the laser beam 4 is directed through a screen 5, through an aperture 6 provided in the middle thereof
  • a pattem of beams cf reflected and refracted radiation may be produced
  • the pattem produced in the back-scattered direction is studied in the embodiment shown in figure 1
  • the screen 5 is movable and angularly adjustable
  • the pattem is studied by ananging the screen 5 at a distance from the diamond 2 such that substantially all the beams of reflected and refra ⁇ ed radiation are intercepted by the screen
  • the distance between the diamond and the screen is circa 60 mm
  • An observing means 7 is provided for observing the pattem of reflected and refracted beams formed on the screen 5
  • the screen 5 is a UV fluorescent screen, which generates spots of visible light where ultraviolet radiation of wavelength 230-320nm is incident upon it
  • the observing means 7 may compnse a suitable optical device with a filter for filtering out radiation of ultraviolet wavelengths, which can be dangerous to the eye
  • the whole apparatus 1. except for the observing means 7 may be enclosed in a light-tight box, for excluding external radiation which may confuse the patte on the screen and for containing the dangerous UV radiation.
  • the observing means 7 may be mounted at a suitable position within the walls ofthe light-tight box so that an observer can see the pattem on the screen 5.
  • a laser 8 producing light of a visible wavelength is provided
  • a beam splitter 9 is provided in the path of beam 4 so that the visible radiation from laser 8 may be directed down the path of the inadiating radiation 4 from laser 3.
  • lasers 3 and 8 are used in alternation so that the different pattems produced by the different types of radiation may be compared
  • a diamond which is a CVD/natural diamond doublet, with the synthetic part on the culet of the diamond,
  • the diamond is a cut diamond having a brilliant cut, being the type of cut which will be most frequently encountered
  • the technique is, however, applicable to all diamond cuts, including fancy cuts, although a more complex and careful inte ⁇ retation of the retumed pattem may be required for fancy cuts
  • the diamond is inadiated using the three steps: 1 inadiation of the table in a normal direction using ultraviolet radiation of wavelength substantially in the range 230- 320nm,
  • the above-mentioned three types of diamond can be distinguished by the different pattems of reflected and refra ⁇ ed radiation that they produce
  • spots of high intensity are shown as a solid black dot
  • spots of medium intensity are shown as short complete lines
  • spots of low intensity are shown as short, dotted lines
  • Figure 2a shows the results of steps 1 and 2 with diamond (a)
  • the pattem on the screen in step 1 is observed to comprise a single high intensity spot 10 produced by normal reflection of the inadiating radiation
  • step 2 a complex relatively intense pattem of spots 1 1 is observed
  • Figure 2b shows the results of steps 1 and 2 with diamond
  • step 1 a pattem of reflected anc refracted beams 12 of relatively low intensity is observed
  • step 2 a pattem of reflected and refracted beams of relatively high intensity is produced
  • the pattems are different, as the refractive index of diamond at the ultraviolet wavelengths observed is different to the refractive index of visible radiation
  • FIG. 2c shows the results of steps 1 and 2 with diamond (c)
  • step 1 a single relatively high intensity spot 14 is produced by normally refle ⁇ ed radiation only
  • step 2 a relatively intense and complex pattem of reflected and refracted beams 15 is produced
  • the pattems observed in figure 2c are similar to those shown in figure 2a
  • Figure 2d shows the results of step 3 with the diamond (a) A relatively complex pattem of strcr.g reflected and refracted beams 17 is produced, together with a strong eam 16 due to radiation reflected normally from the culet (assuming that there is a culet facet)
  • Figure 2e shows the results of step 3 with diamond (b) A relatively weak simple pattem of refle ⁇ ed beams 18 is produced due to reflection off the cut surfaces around the cuiet
  • Figure 2f shows the results of step 3 with diamond (c)
  • the ultraviolet laser may comprise a 248nm krypton fluoride excimer laser from Potomac lasers.
  • the laser 8 may comprise a 635 nm laser diode or 633nm HeNe laser from Vector Technology/Melles Griot.
  • the beam splitter 9 is manufactured by Spindler and Hoyer and the ultraviolet sensitive fluorescent screen is supplied by Levy-Hill Ltd. If a camera is used to observe the screen 5, it may be a CCD camera coupled to a computer for analysing the spot pattem produced.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

Afin de contrôler si une couche de diamant synthétique a été déposée sur un diamant (2), celui-ci est éclairé avec des rayons ultraviolets (4), de manière à former un système de faisceaux de rayonnements réfractés et réfléchis. Ce système est observé sur un écran (5) situé derrière le diamant (2).
PCT/GB1996/001752 1995-07-24 1996-07-22 Examen d'un diamant WO1997004303A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9506453A JPH11509630A (ja) 1995-07-24 1996-07-22 ダイヤモンドの検査
EP96925015A EP0840891A1 (fr) 1995-07-24 1996-07-22 Examen d'un diamant
GB9800373A GB2317693B (en) 1995-07-24 1996-07-22 Examining a diamond
AU65272/96A AU711507B2 (en) 1995-07-24 1996-07-22 Examining a diamond
HK98111054A HK1014446A1 (en) 1995-07-24 1998-09-29 Examining a diamond

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9515144.5 1995-07-24
GB9515144A GB2303699A (en) 1995-07-24 1995-07-24 A method and apparatus for detecting layers of synthetic diamond

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/766,338 Continuation US6331708B2 (en) 1995-07-24 2001-01-19 Examining a diamond

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997004303A1 true WO1997004303A1 (fr) 1997-02-06

Family

ID=10778161

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1996/001752 WO1997004303A1 (fr) 1995-07-24 1996-07-22 Examen d'un diamant

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0840891A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11509630A (fr)
KR (1) KR19990035900A (fr)
CN (1) CN1196121A (fr)
AU (1) AU711507B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2227620A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2303699A (fr)
HK (1) HK1014446A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL118921A0 (fr)
TW (1) TW433464U (fr)
WO (1) WO1997004303A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA966246B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100904637B1 (ko) 2007-07-30 2009-06-25 한양대학교 산학협력단 다이아몬드 감별 방법
AT514332B1 (de) * 2013-08-27 2014-12-15 Swarovski D Kg Anordnung zur Analyse eines durch Brechung und Reflexion an einem Schmuckstein hervorgerufenen Lichtmusters
US11280743B2 (en) 2015-03-30 2022-03-22 Gemological Institute Of America, Inc. (Gia) Apparatus and method for assessing optical quality of gemstones

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6377340B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2002-04-23 General Electric Company Method of detection of natural diamonds that have been processed at high pressure and high temperatures
US7102742B2 (en) * 2004-01-12 2006-09-05 Gemological Institute Of America, Inc. Fluorescence measuring device for gemstones
BR112012018205A2 (pt) * 2010-05-25 2017-06-27 Ninomiya Jewelry Co Ltda dispositivo para medir propriedades de difusores, dispositivo para medicação de cor para luz difusa de pedras preciosas , dispositivos para medir a luminosidade de pedras preciosas e dispositivos para medir adistribuição de luminescência
JP5033266B1 (ja) * 2010-11-15 2012-09-26 二宮宝石株式会社 発光体発光分布測定装置、散乱体物性測定装置、及び、宝石散乱光色測定装置
JP6041909B2 (ja) * 2015-01-15 2016-12-14 株式会社ダイアモンドグレーディングラボラトリー 宝石類の観察装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3740142A (en) * 1969-08-24 1973-06-19 Fumio Suruki Apparatus for discriminating and/or identifying jewels
US3947120A (en) * 1973-10-23 1976-03-30 Yeda Research And Development Co. Ltd. Gem identification
EP0071462A1 (fr) * 1981-07-27 1983-02-09 Lce, Ltd. Procédé et dispositif pour l'analyse des pierres précieuses
GB2275788A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-09-07 Gersan Ets Distinguishing natural from synthetic diamond
GB2286251A (en) * 1994-01-25 1995-08-09 Gersan Ets Examining a diamond for synthetic diamond

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2889289A (en) * 1988-01-29 1989-08-10 Argyle Diamond Sales Limited Method of identifying gems
GB9210674D0 (en) * 1992-05-19 1992-07-01 Gersan Ets Method and apparatus for examining an object

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3740142A (en) * 1969-08-24 1973-06-19 Fumio Suruki Apparatus for discriminating and/or identifying jewels
US3947120A (en) * 1973-10-23 1976-03-30 Yeda Research And Development Co. Ltd. Gem identification
EP0071462A1 (fr) * 1981-07-27 1983-02-09 Lce, Ltd. Procédé et dispositif pour l'analyse des pierres précieuses
GB2275788A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-09-07 Gersan Ets Distinguishing natural from synthetic diamond
GB2286251A (en) * 1994-01-25 1995-08-09 Gersan Ets Examining a diamond for synthetic diamond

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100904637B1 (ko) 2007-07-30 2009-06-25 한양대학교 산학협력단 다이아몬드 감별 방법
AT514332B1 (de) * 2013-08-27 2014-12-15 Swarovski D Kg Anordnung zur Analyse eines durch Brechung und Reflexion an einem Schmuckstein hervorgerufenen Lichtmusters
AT514332A4 (de) * 2013-08-27 2014-12-15 Swarovski D Kg Anordnung zur Analyse eines durch Brechung und Reflexion an einem Schmuckstein hervorgerufenen Lichtmusters
US9702825B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2017-07-11 D. Swarovski Kg Assembly for analyzing a light pattern caused by refraction and reflection at a precious stone
US11280743B2 (en) 2015-03-30 2022-03-22 Gemological Institute Of America, Inc. (Gia) Apparatus and method for assessing optical quality of gemstones
US11921051B2 (en) 2015-03-30 2024-03-05 Gemological Institute Of America, Inc. (Gia) Apparatus and method for assessing optical quality of gemstones

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL118921A0 (en) 1996-10-31
EP0840891A1 (fr) 1998-05-13
CA2227620A1 (fr) 1997-02-06
JPH11509630A (ja) 1999-08-24
AU711507B2 (en) 1999-10-14
GB9515144D0 (en) 1995-09-20
HK1014446A1 (en) 1999-09-30
ZA966246B (en) 1998-10-23
GB2303699A (en) 1997-02-26
CN1196121A (zh) 1998-10-14
KR19990035900A (ko) 1999-05-25
AU6527296A (en) 1997-02-18
TW433464U (en) 2001-05-01

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