WO1996032586A1 - Combined aeolian and solar energy converter - Google Patents

Combined aeolian and solar energy converter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996032586A1
WO1996032586A1 PCT/IT1995/000053 IT9500053W WO9632586A1 WO 1996032586 A1 WO1996032586 A1 WO 1996032586A1 IT 9500053 W IT9500053 W IT 9500053W WO 9632586 A1 WO9632586 A1 WO 9632586A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aeolian
solar energy
energy according
transducer
storage tank
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT1995/000053
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Michele Bufis
Original Assignee
Michele Bufis
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Michele Bufis filed Critical Michele Bufis
Priority to AU23184/95A priority Critical patent/AU2318495A/en
Priority to PCT/IT1995/000053 priority patent/WO1996032586A1/en
Publication of WO1996032586A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996032586A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/22—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus producing heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/213—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Savonius type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/231—Rotors for wind turbines driven by aerodynamic lift effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • This invention broadly relates to an apparatus for collecting solar and aeolian energy and for converting it into heat energy.
  • This invention enables small amounts of warm water to be produced for domestic use, by collecting aeolian and solar energy without recourse to expensive solar collectors and aeolian generators of electric power.
  • the optimum performances are obtained by installing the apparatus in sunny and windy locations, but the apparatus can be perfectly operated in various environmental and climatic conditions, without raising any contamination problem.
  • a system of this kind requires a separate accumulator tank, heat insulated conducts, valves, pumps, thermostats and additional accessories to be installed. All these components reduce the efficiency of the system and make it complex and expensive: the amortization time is between two and four years.
  • such an apparatus substantially comprising a solar collector panel is not adapted to generate heat in the night hours or in conditions of scarce solar radiation; the users usually make up for this lack with utilization of other expensive sources, such as gas or electric power. This system, therefore, is scarcely accepted on the market.
  • a combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy for production of warm water for domestic use comprising, as essential components, a storage tank with a built-in solar collector panel, filled with water and connected to the domestic distribution network; an aeolian turbine mounted upon the storage tank; and an electromagnetic transducer housed in said storage tank, immersed in the water contained therein and mechanically connected to said aeolian turbine so as to receive a rotary motion therefrom.
  • the apparatus according to this invention appears to be a cylindrical body whose dimensions and aspect are similar to a storage domestic water heating apparatus. Further particulars and advantages as well as characteristics and construction details will be evident from the following description with reference to enclosed drawings wherein the preferred embodiments are shown by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a combined apparatus according to this invention.
  • Figure 2 is an axial elevation cross-section view of same
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of same.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the electromagnetic transducer by which the kinetic energy of the aeolian fan is converted into electric energy
  • Figure 5 is an elevation axial cross-section more detailed view of a preferred embodiment of a combined apparatus according to this invention.
  • Figure 6 is a detailed view of a preferred embodiment of the electromagnetic transducer.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view thereof.
  • the combined apparatus comprises, as essential components, a storage tank 10 incorporating a solar panel 13, an aeolian turbine 11 and an electromagnetic transducer 12, arranged within the storage tank 10 and mechanically coupled to said aeolian turbine 11.
  • the storage tank 10 is formed by a metal internally arranged container, which is covered by a thick layer 14 of heat insulating material, and the whole assembly is contained in an outer protection casing 15.
  • a side window 16 of suitable height is provided in said outer casing and is preferably extended along the whole height of said casing and laterally extends along an arc of at least 150° angle. From the corresponding area of said window 16 the heat insulating material 14 is removed, thereby exposing the inner container: the so exposed surface of the inner container is then covered by a black and opaque paint adapted to collect the sun light energy with the maximum possible efficiency (black body) .
  • This painted surface is subsequently covered and sealed upon the outer casing by means of a plate which is transparent to the sun light and, in the same time, due to a so-called greenhouse effect, does not allow the infrared rays emitted from the black body surface to pass.
  • a suitable transparent plastic material can be used.
  • a solar panel is directly built on the storage tank, thereby resulting into an enhancement of the thermal efficiency and avoiding the need to use additional solar panels.
  • the section of the container acting as a black body internally contacted by water, transfers any heat received from sun radiation to the contained water, which moves from the bottom to the top thereof, with a convection continuous motion, thereby drawing a continuous circulation of fresh water to be heated.
  • the aeolian turbine 11 mounted upon the storage tank 10 is of action-reaction type, with vertical rotation shaft and collects the energy of the wind; its position enables it to intercept winds coming from any direction, without recourse to any complex orientation mechanisms.
  • turbine 11 drives an inductor rotor into a rotary motion, said rotor comprising a multipolar permanent magnet 17 and being housed in an armature stator comprising a hollow cylindrical body 18 of ferromagnetic material of a suitable wall thickness.
  • the axis of said cylindrical body 18 coincides with the axis of said magnet 17.
  • the internal diameter of the cylindrical body 18 and the external diameter of said magnet 17 should have values such that their gap is minimum, consistently with the tolerances as allowed by the mechanical construction.
  • the lines of force of the magnetic field find their easiest closure paths within the iron cylindrical body.
  • the rotary magnetic field induces parasitic currents in the iron body which, in turn, generate a rotary magnetic field.
  • This reaction that brakes the rotary motion of the inductor magnetic field and tends to block it, dissipates a certain amount of energy within the cylindrical body according to the law of Joule.
  • a second effect contributes to dissipating energy within the cylindrical body: the magnetic hysteresis.
  • This effect can play a relevant role when particular ferromagnetic materials having a broad surface hysteresis loop are used.
  • the ferromagnetic cylindrical body is permanently subjected for each section to successive magnetization and demagnetization cycles caused by rotation of the inductor magnetic field. In view of the above, it is heated by the abovesaid two concurrent effects and receives mechanical energy from said turbine 11 to directly convert it into heat energy. If the concerned cylindrical body is immersed in the water contained in said tank 10, through a hole provided in the top cover of the tank, the heat energy so produced is directly transferred to the water.
  • the above described transducer enables the technical limits to be improved in respect of both the solar panels and of the aeolian generators as up to now used. It produces almost continuously heat both in the day and in the night hours: some wind or a few ray of solar energy are sufficient.
  • the apparatus can easily be mounted in hardly accessible positions and places. thanks to its small size and to its compact shape. It does not require auxiliary energy sources and in operation it is completely autonomous. Fresh water is supplied under hydraulic pressure. Furthermore, it does not require any auxiliary device, besides a simple relief valve, in order to cope with any internal overpressure which may be caused by overheating of the water.
  • the combined apparatus according to this invention can be used also in combination with already existing water heating equipment, without any modification thereof.
  • the connection to the cold and warm water conducts can be easily carried out.
  • the two plants can be serial or parallel connected, according to the desired operation way.
  • the concerned transducer in any case will act as the main source of warm water, and the pre-existing plant will act as a reserve plant, for solving any problems due to lack of wind or sun light.
  • This function can be performed without difficulty by means of standard, suitably preset thermostats.
  • a serial connection it will be convenient to use a first thermostat for controlling the pre-existing plant, either of electric or gas fired type, and a second thermostat arranged within the storage tank of the combined transducer. These plants will be electrically connected in series and will be suitably calibrated.
  • FIG. 5 A more detailed view of the preferred embodiment of the combined apparatus according to the present invention is shown in Figure 5. It will be appreciated that it comprises a storage tank 10 with heat insulating layer 14 and built-in solar panel 13 operating as a black body, as well as the aeolian turbine 11.
  • the aeolian turbine 11 is equipped with air conveying blades 11A, manufactured and arranged according to principles well known in the art. In this Figure, many other structural details are shown, which are per se known to those skilled in the art and will not be detailedly described.
  • the transducer be realized as a multipolar transducer, by exploiting any approaches well known in this field, for instance a wired or squirrel cage armature housed in suitable slots made in the fixed armature cylindrical body of any suitable material.
  • the whole assembly can be housed in a casing externally provided with heat dissipating fins, designed to aid the transfer of the heat generated by said electromagnetic transducer to the water.
  • a further approach well known to those skilled in the art could provide for a suitable oil circulation in the electromagnetic transducer, not only as a lubrication means, but also as an aid to remove the generated heat, and so on.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Subject matter of this invention is a combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy for production of warm water for domestic use, comprising as essential components, a storage tank (10) with a built-in solar collector panel (13), filled with water and connected to the domestic distribution network; an aeolian turbine (11) mounted upon the storage tank (10); and an electromagnetic transducer (12) housed in said storage tank (10), immersed in the water contained therein and mechanically connected to said aeolian turbine (11) so as to receive a rotary motion therefrom.

Description

COMBINED AEOLIAN AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERTER
This invention broadly relates to an apparatus for collecting solar and aeolian energy and for converting it into heat energy.
This invention enables small amounts of warm water to be produced for domestic use, by collecting aeolian and solar energy without recourse to expensive solar collectors and aeolian generators of electric power. The optimum performances are obtained by installing the apparatus in sunny and windy locations, but the apparatus can be perfectly operated in various environmental and climatic conditions, without raising any contamination problem.
THE STATE OF THE ART
If it is desired to produce an amount of warm water sufficient to comply with the average everyday needs of a person, it is necessary to install a solar energy collecting surface of 1.5 square meters, average value. A system of this kind requires a separate accumulator tank, heat insulated conducts, valves, pumps, thermostats and additional accessories to be installed. All these components reduce the efficiency of the system and make it complex and expensive: the amortization time is between two and four years. As it is known, such an apparatus substantially comprising a solar collector panel is not adapted to generate heat in the night hours or in conditions of scarce solar radiation; the users usually make up for this lack with utilization of other expensive sources, such as gas or electric power. This system, therefore, is scarcely accepted on the market.
Also the use of aeolian generators of electric power is still expensive, besides being hardly manageable, even if noticeable technical developments have been realized up to now.
The electric power generators based upon the photovoltaic effect have not got a large popular diffusion, due to their low efficiency, low productivity and high cost of the necessary components. It is an object of this invention to propose a combined transducer which can be easily installed, has a very simple construction both from a design and from a functional view point, does not require much maintenance inte vents during it useful life (comparable to a standard electrically powered water heating apparatus) and can be manufactured and installed at low cost. This object is achieved by means of a combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy for production of warm water for domestic use, comprising, as essential components, a storage tank with a built-in solar collector panel, filled with water and connected to the domestic distribution network; an aeolian turbine mounted upon the storage tank; and an electromagnetic transducer housed in said storage tank, immersed in the water contained therein and mechanically connected to said aeolian turbine so as to receive a rotary motion therefrom.
The apparatus according to this invention appears to be a cylindrical body whose dimensions and aspect are similar to a storage domestic water heating apparatus. Further particulars and advantages as well as characteristics and construction details will be evident from the following description with reference to enclosed drawings wherein the preferred embodiments are shown by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.
In the drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a combined apparatus according to this invention.
Figure 2 is an axial elevation cross-section view of same, Figure 3 is a plan view of same.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the electromagnetic transducer by which the kinetic energy of the aeolian fan is converted into electric energy,
Figure 5 is an elevation axial cross-section more detailed view of a preferred embodiment of a combined apparatus according to this invention.
Figure 6 is a detailed view of a preferred embodiment of the electromagnetic transducer, and
Figure 7 is a plan view thereof. By referring now to the drawings, it can be observed that the combined apparatus according to this invention comprises, as essential components, a storage tank 10 incorporating a solar panel 13, an aeolian turbine 11 and an electromagnetic transducer 12, arranged within the storage tank 10 and mechanically coupled to said aeolian turbine 11.
The storage tank 10 is formed by a metal internally arranged container, which is covered by a thick layer 14 of heat insulating material, and the whole assembly is contained in an outer protection casing 15. A side window 16 of suitable height is provided in said outer casing and is preferably extended along the whole height of said casing and laterally extends along an arc of at least 150° angle. From the corresponding area of said window 16 the heat insulating material 14 is removed, thereby exposing the inner container: the so exposed surface of the inner container is then covered by a black and opaque paint adapted to collect the sun light energy with the maximum possible efficiency (black body) . This painted surface is subsequently covered and sealed upon the outer casing by means of a plate which is transparent to the sun light and, in the same time, due to a so-called greenhouse effect, does not allow the infrared rays emitted from the black body surface to pass. A suitable transparent plastic material can be used.
In this way, a solar panel is directly built on the storage tank, thereby resulting into an enhancement of the thermal efficiency and avoiding the need to use additional solar panels. The section of the container acting as a black body, internally contacted by water, transfers any heat received from sun radiation to the contained water, which moves from the bottom to the top thereof, with a convection continuous motion, thereby drawing a continuous circulation of fresh water to be heated.
The aeolian turbine 11 mounted upon the storage tank 10 is of action-reaction type, with vertical rotation shaft and collects the energy of the wind; its position enables it to intercept winds coming from any direction, without recourse to any complex orientation mechanisms.
As concerns the third essential component of the assembly according to this invention, it can be observed that turbine 11 drives an inductor rotor into a rotary motion, said rotor comprising a multipolar permanent magnet 17 and being housed in an armature stator comprising a hollow cylindrical body 18 of ferromagnetic material of a suitable wall thickness. The axis of said cylindrical body 18 coincides with the axis of said magnet 17. The internal diameter of the cylindrical body 18 and the external diameter of said magnet 17 should have values such that their gap is minimum, consistently with the tolerances as allowed by the mechanical construction. The lines of force of the magnetic field find their easiest closure paths within the iron cylindrical body. In view of the rule of Lenz, the rotary magnetic field induces parasitic currents in the iron body which, in turn, generate a rotary magnetic field. This reaction, that brakes the rotary motion of the inductor magnetic field and tends to block it, dissipates a certain amount of energy within the cylindrical body according to the law of Joule.
A second effect contributes to dissipating energy within the cylindrical body: the magnetic hysteresis. This effect can play a relevant role when particular ferromagnetic materials having a broad surface hysteresis loop are used. The ferromagnetic cylindrical body is permanently subjected for each section to successive magnetization and demagnetization cycles caused by rotation of the inductor magnetic field. In view of the above, it is heated by the abovesaid two concurrent effects and receives mechanical energy from said turbine 11 to directly convert it into heat energy. If the concerned cylindrical body is immersed in the water contained in said tank 10, through a hole provided in the top cover of the tank, the heat energy so produced is directly transferred to the water.
The strength of the induced parasitic current noticeably increases when the armature comprises electric circuits of low resistance. Suitable slots will be made in the above said cylindrical armature for housing said circuits (windings) , as in a standard electric machine. As it will be hereinafter clarified, a very simple and common embodiment for making such windings is the so-called squirrel cage.
The above described transducer enables the technical limits to be improved in respect of both the solar panels and of the aeolian generators as up to now used. It produces almost continuously heat both in the day and in the night hours: some wind or a few ray of solar energy are sufficient. The apparatus can easily be mounted in hardly accessible positions and places. thanks to its small size and to its compact shape. It does not require auxiliary energy sources and in operation it is completely autonomous. Fresh water is supplied under hydraulic pressure. Furthermore, it does not require any auxiliary device, besides a simple relief valve, in order to cope with any internal overpressure which may be caused by overheating of the water.
In conclusion, the combined transducer according to this invention enables optimum technical and economical results to be obtained, as hereinbelow summarized:
- production of warm water at almost zero cost,
- extremely high versatility, since it can be operated in almost any position and any environment,
- extreme ease of the installation procedures and reduced sizes.
As it will be easily appreciated by those skilled in the art, the combined apparatus according to this invention can be used also in combination with already existing water heating equipment, without any modification thereof. The connection to the cold and warm water conducts can be easily carried out. The two plants can be serial or parallel connected, according to the desired operation way.
As it will be apparent, the concerned transducer in any case will act as the main source of warm water, and the pre-existing plant will act as a reserve plant, for solving any problems due to lack of wind or sun light. This function can be performed without difficulty by means of standard, suitably preset thermostats. As a matter of fact, when a serial connection is employed, it will be convenient to use a first thermostat for controlling the pre-existing plant, either of electric or gas fired type, and a second thermostat arranged within the storage tank of the combined transducer. These plants will be electrically connected in series and will be suitably calibrated. On the other hand, when a parallel connection is employed, the thermostat that will be housed in the tank of the combined transducer will control a three-way valve, which will by-pass the pre¬ existing plant; when the water contained in the storage tank of the combined transducer is warm, it will be directly used by the user, without passing through the pre-existing plant. A more detailed view of the preferred embodiment of the combined apparatus according to the present invention is shown in Figure 5. It will be appreciated that it comprises a storage tank 10 with heat insulating layer 14 and built-in solar panel 13 operating as a black body, as well as the aeolian turbine 11. In this particular embodiment, the aeolian turbine 11 is equipped with air conveying blades 11A, manufactured and arranged according to principles well known in the art. In this Figure, many other structural details are shown, which are per se known to those skilled in the art and will not be detailedly described.
The same considerations also apply to the representations of Figures 6 and 7, where the details of the electromagnetic transducer are shown. The structural details and the materials used are well known to those skilled in the art, so that the electromagnetic transducer which is needed in the various circumstances will be easily designed and sized simply based upon their knowledge and operation experience.
Only by way of illustration and obviously not in exhaustive or restrictive sense, the possibility can be mentioned that the transducer be realized as a multipolar transducer, by exploiting any approaches well known in this field, for instance a wired or squirrel cage armature housed in suitable slots made in the fixed armature cylindrical body of any suitable material. The whole assembly can be housed in a casing externally provided with heat dissipating fins, designed to aid the transfer of the heat generated by said electromagnetic transducer to the water.
A further approach well known to those skilled in the art could provide for a suitable oil circulation in the electromagnetic transducer, not only as a lubrication means, but also as an aid to remove the generated heat, and so on.
The preferred embodiments of this invention have been described and a number of variations have been suggested hereinbefore, but it should expressly be understood that those skilled in the art can make other variations and changes, without so departing from the scope thereof.

Claims

CLAIMS 1.- A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy for production of warm water for domestic use, characterized in that it comprises as essential components, a storage tank (10) with a built-in solar collector panel (13), filled with water and connected to the domestic distribution network; an aeolian turbine (11) mounted upon the storage tank (10); and an electromagnetic transducer (12) housed in said storage tank (10), immersed in the water contained therein and mechanically connected to said aeolian turbine (11) so as to receive a rotary motion therefrom.
2.- A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that said storage tank (10) is formed by a metal internally arranged container, covered by a thick layer (14) of heat insulating material and contained in an outer protection casing (15) .
3.- A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, for realizing said solar panel, a side window is provided in said outer protective casing and it is preferably extended along the whole height of said casing and is laterally extended along an arc of at least 150° angle, the heat insulating material (14) is removed from the corresponding area of said window, thereby exposing the inner container, the so exposed surface of said container is covered by a black and opaque paint acting as a black body and said painted surface is covered and sealed upon the outer casing by means of a plate of a material transparent to the sun light, but impenetrable to the infrared rays emitted by the so covered painted surface.
4.- A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy according to claim 3, characterized in that said aeolian turbine (11) mounted upon said storage tank (10) is of an action - reaction type, with vertical rotation shaft, adapted to collect the energy of the wind coming from any direction without recourse to any orientation mechanism.
5.- A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy according to claim 4, characterized in that said aeolian turbine (11) is equipped with inlet air conveying blades (11A) .
6.- A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that said electromagnetic transducer (12) driven by said aeolian turbine (11) comprises an inductor rotor (17), directly connected to the rotation shaft of said aeolian turbine (11), consisting of multipolar permanent magnet, housed in an armature stator, formed by a hollow cylindrical body (18) of ferromagnetic material of suitable thickness.
1 . - A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy according to claim 6, characterized in that slots designed for accommodating an electric circuit are provided in said cylindrical armature stator, correspondingly to a standard electric machine.
8.- A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy according to claim 7, characterized in that said armature electric circuit is made by a wired winding.
9.- A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy according to claim 7, characterized in that said armature electric circuit is made by a squirrel cage structure.
10.- A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy according to claims 7 to 9, characterized in that said cylindrical armature has outer fins to enhance the heat generated therein to the water wherein it is immersed and in that a mineral oil circulation is realized therein for lubrication and heat transmission purposes.
11.- A combined transducer of aeolian and solar energy according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is installed in serial or parallel connection to an already existing equipment for heating water for domestic use.
PCT/IT1995/000053 1995-04-10 1995-04-10 Combined aeolian and solar energy converter WO1996032586A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU23184/95A AU2318495A (en) 1995-04-10 1995-04-10 Combined aeolian and solar energy converter
PCT/IT1995/000053 WO1996032586A1 (en) 1995-04-10 1995-04-10 Combined aeolian and solar energy converter

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT1995/000053 WO1996032586A1 (en) 1995-04-10 1995-04-10 Combined aeolian and solar energy converter

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WO (1) WO1996032586A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2006095369A1 (en) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-14 B.Mast S.R.L. Vertikal axis aeolian turbine
JP2013540934A (en) * 2010-09-21 2013-11-07 デニス・パトリック・シュテール Twin turbine system with optimized blades and tracking wind / water for wind and / or hydraulic power
CN103452759A (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-18 周登荣 Comprehensive wind energy utilization system

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FR2405378A1 (en) * 1977-10-06 1979-05-04 Lefebvre Gerhard Vertical axis wind-driven machine - has pairs of arms with auxiliary starter vanes and main vanes shaped to offer more wind resistance when moving in one direction
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WO1994004819A1 (en) * 1992-08-18 1994-03-03 Four Winds Energy Corporation Wind turbine particularly suited for high-wind conditions

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FR2328931A1 (en) * 1975-10-23 1977-05-20 Inco Europ Ltd Water heater using wind power directly - has wind driven shaft with permanent magnets inducing heating current in conductor in contact with water
FR2405378A1 (en) * 1977-10-06 1979-05-04 Lefebvre Gerhard Vertical axis wind-driven machine - has pairs of arms with auxiliary starter vanes and main vanes shaped to offer more wind resistance when moving in one direction
DE2820689A1 (en) * 1978-05-11 1979-11-15 Werner Kohler Energy generating and transfer unit - has solar or wind generators in same casing as thermal store
US4421967A (en) * 1980-07-21 1983-12-20 Vs Systems, Inc. Windmill driven eddy current heater
JPS57140573A (en) * 1981-02-21 1982-08-31 Kyushu Sukaiaroo:Kk Heat converter employing wind power
US4424796A (en) * 1981-06-11 1984-01-10 Fish James W Wind-powered heat-generating apparatus
FR2575811A1 (en) * 1985-01-09 1986-07-11 Total Energie Dev Collector/storage assembly for heating water by solar energy
WO1994004819A1 (en) * 1992-08-18 1994-03-03 Four Winds Energy Corporation Wind turbine particularly suited for high-wind conditions

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006095369A1 (en) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-14 B.Mast S.R.L. Vertikal axis aeolian turbine
JP2013540934A (en) * 2010-09-21 2013-11-07 デニス・パトリック・シュテール Twin turbine system with optimized blades and tracking wind / water for wind and / or hydraulic power
CN103452759A (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-18 周登荣 Comprehensive wind energy utilization system
CN103452759B (en) * 2012-05-30 2015-11-25 周登荣 A kind of comprehensive wind energy utilization system

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