WO1996031194A9 - Skin care compositions containing retinoids and liposomes - Google Patents
Skin care compositions containing retinoids and liposomesInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996031194A9 WO1996031194A9 PCT/US1996/004557 US9604557W WO9631194A9 WO 1996031194 A9 WO1996031194 A9 WO 1996031194A9 US 9604557 W US9604557 W US 9604557W WO 9631194 A9 WO9631194 A9 WO 9631194A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- retinol
- oil
- composition
- composition according
- retinoid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 215
- 229960003471 retinol Drugs 0.000 claims description 77
- 235000020944 retinol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000011607 retinol Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- QGNJRVVDBSJHIZ-QHLGVNSISA-N retinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C QGNJRVVDBSJHIZ-QHLGVNSISA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- VYGQUTWHTHXGQB-FFHKNEKCSA-N trans-Retinyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C VYGQUTWHTHXGQB-FFHKNEKCSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 33
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N Retinoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000019169 all-trans-retinol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011717 all-trans-retinol Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003078 antioxidant Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011604 retinal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000020945 retinal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000004492 retinoid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229960000342 retinol acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011770 retinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019173 retinyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019172 retinyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011769 retinyl palmitate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940108325 retinyl palmitate Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 229950004578 vitamin A palmitate Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 229930002945 all-trans-retinaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002207 retinal Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-OVSJKPMPSA-N retinal group Chemical group C\C(=C/C=O)\C=C\C=C(\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)/C NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N edta Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940043253 Butylated Hydroxyanisole Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940095259 Butylated Hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011786 L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940087168 alpha Tocopherol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010385 ascorbyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FSVCELGFZIQNCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bicine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CC(O)=O FSVCELGFZIQNCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N Mesotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 18
- -1 retinoid compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 31
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229960001727 Tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 24
- 229930002330 retinoic acid Natural products 0.000 description 23
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229940100609 All-Trans-Retinol Drugs 0.000 description 20
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000111 anti-oxidant Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940079593 drugs Drugs 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Vitamin C Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000000946 retinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])/C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])=C([H])/C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])=C([H])/C1=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 230000037335 skin penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003109 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N Oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019301 disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000232 Lipid Bilayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229940046009 Vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid ethyl ester Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940086555 cyclomethicone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003712 vitamin E derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N (3β)-Cholest-5-en-3-ol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010000496 Acne Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000004207 Dermis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002615 Epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010051246 Photodermatosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940075579 Propyl Gallate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 2
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzohydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increased Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008308 lipophilic cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008206 lipophilic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010388 propyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000473 propyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004508 retinoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003700 vitamin C derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-DUZGATOHSA-N (2R)-2-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-DUZGATOHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYIOSHGVFJTOAR-JGWLITMVSA-N (2R,3R,4S,5R)-6-sulfanylhexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)CS DYIOSHGVFJTOAR-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Mercaptopropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)CS PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 7681-57-4 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036912 Bioavailability Effects 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cetyl alcohol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107161 Cholesterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001305 Cysteine Hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000981 Epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000000069 Hyperpigmentation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauric acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078812 MYRISTYL MYRISTATE Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000714177 Murine leukemia virus Species 0.000 description 1
- HCZKYJDFEPMADG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nordihydroguaiaretic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1CC(C)C(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 HCZKYJDFEPMADG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAPRFLSJBSXESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxycinchophen Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=C(O)C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 XAPRFLSJBSXESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palmitic acid Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940067631 Phospholipids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068977 Polysorbate 20 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Rongalite Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])=O XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-CTQIIAAMSA-N Sorbitan Chemical compound OCC(O)C1OCC(O)[C@@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-CTQIIAAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearyl alcohol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000538 Tail Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 Tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 Vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 Vitamin A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIJRTFXNRTXDIP-JIZZDEOASA-N [(1R)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethyl]azanium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl.SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O QIJRTFXNRTXDIP-JIZZDEOASA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFRPDSKECHTFQA-ONOWFSFQSA-N [(2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenyl] propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SFRPDSKECHTFQA-ONOWFSFQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USDJGQLNFPZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[4,6-bis(hydroxymethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]methanol Chemical compound OCNC1=NC(NCO)=NC(NCO)=N1 USDJGQLNFPZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001058 adult Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004347 all-trans-retinol derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020127 ayran Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004217 benzyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035514 bioavailability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940075894 denatured ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNGNZSMIUVQZOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;dioxido(sulfanylidene)-$l^{4}-sulfane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=S LNGNZSMIUVQZOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010350 erythorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002194 fatty esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075529 glyceryl stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003810 hyperpigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001006 hyperpigmentation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- ZCTXEAQXZGPWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidurea Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N(CO)C1NC(=O)NCNC(=O)NC1C(=O)NC(=O)N1CO ZCTXEAQXZGPWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028709 inflammatory response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940026239 isoascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940049918 linoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000344 non-irritating Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic Effects 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021317 sensory perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940001607 sodium bisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940001482 sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035024 thioglycerol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherols Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- DDLPZVTUKLKVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C DDLPZVTUKLKVQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004382 visual function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004370 vitamin A ester derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamins Natural products 0.000 description 1
Definitions
- This invention relates to skin care compositions containing retinoids which generally improve the quality of the skin, particularly human facial skin. More particularly, the present invention relates to chemically stable skin care compositions containing a non-phospholipid liposome formulation and certain retinoids.
- Retinoic acid also known as Vitamin A acid or tretinoin
- Vitamin A acid or tretinoin is well-known for the treatment of such skin conditions as acne and products containing retinoic acid are commercially available in various forms.
- Such products include Retin A* creams, an oil-in-water emulsion of retinoic acid containing an oil-soluble antioxidant, butytated hydroxytoluene (BHT); Retin A* liquid, commercially available from Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation of Raritan, New Jersey, which is a solution of retinoic acid in a polyethylene glycol/ethanol solvent employing BHT as an antioxidant; and Retin A* gel, which comprises retinoic acid in a gel vehicle comprising ethyl alcohol as the solvent, hydroxypropyl cellulose as the thickener or gelling agent and BHT as an antioxidant.
- BHT butytated hydroxytoluene
- Retin A* gel which comprises retinoic acid in a gel vehicle comprising ethyl alcohol as the solvent, hydroxypropyl cellulose as the thickener or gelling agent and BHT as an antioxidant.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,603,146 suggests the use of Vitamin A acid in an emollient vehicle as a treatment for ameliorating the effects of photodamage. Further, U.S. Patent No. 4,877,805, suggests that a number of retinoids are useful for restoring and reversing sun damage of human skin. Certain retinoids such as, for example, retinot (Vitamin A alcohol), retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde) and retinyl esters such as retinyl acetate and retinyl paimitate may be preferable to use in skin care compositions as opposed to retinoic acid.
- Retinol is an endogenous compound naturally occurring in the human body and essential for good growth, differentiation of epithelial tissues and reproduction. Retinol is also preferred because it is safer and less irritating to the skin than other retinoids, such as retinoic acid. Additionally, excess retinol is stored in the human body largely in an inactive ester form, e.g. retinyl palmitate and, to some extent, retinyl acetate. The aldehyde, retinal, also a preferred form, is an active metabolite of retinol and is needed for visual function.
- compositions which contain these preferred, naturally occurring retinoids which have similar properties to existing retinoic acid formulations, i.e., providing a composition which is aesthetically pleasing and which can deliver active ingredients after a substantial shelf life.
- existing formulations containing retinoids are oil-in-water emulsions in which the retinoic acid is carried within the oil phase and is protected from oxidation by employing an oil-soluble antioxidant.
- Oil-in- water emulsions are generally considered preferable to water-in-oil emulsions because they are nonocciusive, non-greasy, compatible with other such emulsion products, easy to remove from the skin and are regarded as more aesthetically pleasing as well as being more economical to manufacture.
- the chemical stability of the active retinoic acid ingredient is quite good in that the oil phase protects the retinoic acid, especially when an oil-soluble antioxidant is present.
- the aforementioned Retin A* cream is an oil-in-water emulsion containing retinoic acid and BHT, an oil-soluble antioxidant.
- an oil-in-water emulsion of retinoic acid which may include an oil-soluble antioxidant such as BHT o r d l- ⁇ -to co p he ro l a nd a cheiiating agent e.g.ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- a tanning composition is described which may include, among other ingredients Vitamin A in an oil-in-water emulsion containing Vitamin E and citric acid.
- Patent 4,247,547 still another form of a retinoic acid containing composition, namely a gel, is disclosed and is protected by an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) , ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) , propyl gallate, and ⁇ -tocopherol (Vitamin E).
- an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) , ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) , propyl gallate, and ⁇ -tocopherol (Vitamin E).
- retinoids including, for example, retinol, retinal and retinyl esters such as retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate.
- compositions emulate the formulas of commercial retinoic acid compositions: they are oil-in-water emulsions protected by oil-soluble antioxidants.
- the retinoids other than retinoic acid in such compositions quickly lose their activity and either oxidize or isomerize to non-efficacious chemical forms with the result that the amount of retinoid actually available to provide the beneficial effects of the product is reduced, in an unacceptably short period of time, to an ineffective quantity and eventually only to trace quantities.
- retinoids such as retinol, retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate are formulated in water-in-oil emulsions.
- retinoids such as retinol, retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate are formulated in water-in-oil emulsions.
- Patent 4,826,828 describes a stable composition comprising retinol, retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate may consist of retinol in a water-in-oil emulsion wherein the emulsion further include two oil-soluble antioxidants, BHT and BHA.
- Avon Products, Inc. the assignee of U.S. 4,826,828, sells two skin care products called Bioadvance and Bioadvance 2000. Each of these products is supplied in two bottles, portions of which are mixed together just prior to use. The first bottle contains what is called a "skin lotion”, while the second bottle contains what is called a "fortifier”.
- the “skin lotion” is a water-in-oil emulsion having a number of ingredients which include water, emulsifiers, silicone and vegetable oils, preservatives, emollients and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
- the "fortifier” is a non- aqueous solution which contains a number of ingredients including cyciomethicone (a silicone oil), denatured ethanol, an emulsifier (Polysorbate 20), retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, BHT and BHA.
- U.S. 4,720,353 to Bell describes water-in-oil emulsion carriers for various medicaments and drugs intended for topical application to the skin.
- Water soluble, miscible or dispersible drugs may be incorporated into the aqueous phase of the emulsion.
- Oil-soluble, miscible or dispersible drugs may be incorporated into the oil phase.
- Drugs which may be incorporated into the emulsion include derivatives of retinoic acid.
- Ingredients which may optionally be added to the emulsion include a preservative such as methyl paraben, propyl paraben or imidazolidinyl urea or an antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole and a water or oil soluble vitamin such as vitamin C, tocopherol linoleate and the like.
- a preservative such as methyl paraben, propyl paraben or imidazolidinyl urea or an antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole and a water or oil soluble vitamin such as vitamin C, tocopherol linoleate and the like.
- EP 0 343 444 A2 to Siemer et al discloses cosmetic preparations based on retinyl palmitate.
- Example 3 discloses a night cream in the form of an water-in-oil type emulsion comprising retinyl palmitate and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
- BHA butylated hydroxyanisole
- EP 0 330 496 A2 to Batt is directed to skin treatment compositions comprising a topically acceptable base and an effective amount of at least one ester of retinol, said compositions being useful in the treatment of photoaged skin.
- Example 6 discloses a water-in-oil emulsion comprising Vitamin A propionate and BHT, an oil soluble antioxidant.
- Jonas C.T. Wang, et.al in pending application USSN 719,764 filled November 15, 1993 disclose the stabilization of retinol in a water-in-oil emulsion, in which retinol was dispersed and protected in oil phase.
- oil-in-water emulsions are much more preferred than water-in-oil emulsions based on the cosmetic performance. This is due to the fact that oil-in-water emulsions, in general, are less occlusive, less greasy, compatible with make-up and easy to be removed from the skin leading to a more aesthetically pleasing feel.
- oil-in-water formulations are less costly considering the ingredient composition and the manufacturing process.
- retinoids including retinoic acid, retinal, retinol, and retinyl esters to enhance the broad usage of retinol for skin treatment.
- Figure 1 is a graph depicting the effect of pH on stability of retinol in non- phosphoipid liposome formulations.
- Figure 2 is a graph depicting the amount of retinol released from the formulation of Example 8C compared with that of a water-in-oil formulation.
- Figure 3 is a graph depicting the amount of active ingredient which permeates the epidermis and dermis from the formulations of Examples 8C and 6 in comparison with that of a water-in-oil formulation.
- Figure 4 is a graph depicting the sensory perceptions of certain formulations of this invention in comparison with other skin care compositions.
- retinoids may be successfully stabilized against chemical degradation by incorporating them into non-phospholipid liposomes using a specifically defined stabilizing system and process.
- the retinoids which can be stabilized against chemical degradation in accordance with the principles of the present invention include retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) , retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde), retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate and mixtures thereof.
- the "chemical stability" or "stability" of a retinoid is defined in terms of the percentage of the specified retinoid which is retained in its original chemical form after the composition has been stored for a specified period of time at a specified temperature.
- the concentration of all-trans retinol in an absolute ethanol solution were 0.20% by weight and, after two (2) weeks storage at room temperature (21 oC ⁇ 1 oC) , the concentration of all-trans retinol were 0.18% by weight, then the original solution of all-trans retinol in absolute ethanol would be characterized as having a chemical stability of retinol of 90% after two weeks storage at room temperature.
- the non- phospholipid liposome form in combination with the selection of a stability system from those described herein, will produce compositions having a chemical stability of 80% after 13 weeks' storage at 50°C.
- the present invention also provides a system for stabilizing retinoids, unexpectedly, without the presence of a water-soluble antioxidant.
- a skin care composition comprising a non-phospholipid liposome and a retinoid selected from the group consisting of retinol, retinal, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate and mixtures thereof, said composition further comprising a stabilizing system selected from the group consisting of: a) an oil-soluble antioxidant; and
- compositions of this invention can be endowed with material changes resulting in a controiled-reiease of active agent from the liposome carrier.
- the compositions of this invention may also be moderated in order to enhance or diminish penetration of the active ingredient into the skin.
- compositions of the present invention containing a relatively high level of surfactants exhibit irritation at the same level as that experienced by individuals exposed to a water-in-oil cream con taining 2% surfactant.
- composition of the invention is in the form of a particular type of liposome, namely, a non-phospholipid liposome.
- compositions such as the ones containing retinoic acid are oil-in-water emulsion systems.
- certain retinoid compounds in particular, retinol, retinal, and the retinyl esters tend to be chemically unstable, i.e. they degrade, either by way of oxidation or isomerization, and are, therefore, not available to perform in their desired manner. While this is not clearly understood, it is believed that this degradation occurs as a result of the rapid diffusion of oxygen through the external water phase to the internal oil phase containing the retinoid. The oxygen is readily available to degrade the retinoid. Because the diffusion of oxygen is greater in a water phase than an oil phase, an oil-in-water system is more prone to such degradation.
- compositions of the present invention overcome these difficulties and instead, provide a non-phospholipid liposome composition containing at least one retinoid compound wherein both the physical stability of the liposome and the chemical stability of the active ingredients are maintained at high levels.
- Liposomes are spherical, self-closed structures composed of curved lipid bilayers which entrap part of the solvent, in which the treely float, into their interior. They may consist of one or several concentric membranes. Liposomes are made predominantly from amphiphiles, a special class of surface active molecules, which are characterized by having a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic group on the same molecule. These molecules are not soluble in water; and, rather than forming solutions, they form colloidal dispersions.
- liposome technology has been concerned mostly with vesicles composed of phospholipid.
- Phospholipids are labile and expensive to purify or synthesize.
- manufacture of phospholipid liposome is difficult and costly to scale up.
- Certain double-chain synthetic surfactants with non-ionic polar heads and single-chain surfactants in mixture with cholesterol can form non-ionic liposome. They have increased chemical stability over natural phospholipid and are easy to make in large, commercial quantities.
- the structure of these aggregates involves the ordering of lipid molecules: the hydrophilic part tends to be in contact with water while the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains prefer to be hidden from water in the interior of the structures.
- One of the most frequently encountered aggregate structures is a lipid biiayer. On the surface of either side are polar heads which shield non-polar tails in the interior of the lamella from water. At higher lipid concentrations these bilayers from lamellar crystalline phases where two-dimensional planar lipid bilayers alternate with water layers. Upon dilution, these lipid bilayers form liposomes. These liposomes can entrap hydrophilic materials in the aqueous compartments and lipophilic materials in the bilayers.
- Lipophiiic entrapment is severely limited by the ability of the bilayer to entrap the cargo molecule.
- Liposomes can be large or small and may be composed of from one to several hundred concentric bilayers. With respect to the size and the number of lamellae, they are distinguished as large multilamellar vesicles (MLV's) and large and small constitutionalamellar vesicles (LUV's and SUV's respectively). Most of the research to date have centered on above mentioned type of vesicles.
- PLV paucilamellar lipid vesicles
- the invention describes the PLV's consisting of 2 to 8 peripheral bilayer surrounding a large unstructured central cavity which can be filled wholly or in part with an apolar oil or wax.
- the multiple lipid biiayer and an apolar core of the PLV'S provide PLV'S with the capacity to transport a greater amount of lipophilic materials.
- U.S. 5,147,723 to Donald F. H. Wallach describes the non- phospholipid surfactants which can form paucilamellar lipid vesicles.
- the surfactant can be selected from a group consisting of polyoxyethylene fatty esters having the formula R 1 -COO(C 2 H 4 O) n H where R 1 is a radical of lauric, myristic, cetyl, stearic or oleic acid and n is an integer from 2 to 10; polyoxyethylene fatty acid ethers, having the formula R 2 -CO(C 2 H 4 O) m H where R 2 is a radical of lauric, myristic, or cetyl acids, single or double unstaurated octadecyl acids, or double unsaturated eicodienic acids and m is an integer from 2 to 4; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono- or trioieate; and polyoxyethylene glyceryl monostearate with from 1 to 10 polyoxy
- oil-soluble antioxidants which are useful in the compositions of the present invention include butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a-tocopherol, phenyl- a-naphthylamine, hydroquinone, propyl gallate, nordihydroguiaretic acid, and mixtures thereof as well as any other known oil-soluble antioxidant compatible with the other components of the compositions.
- BHT butylated hydroxytoluene
- BHA butylated hydroxyanisole
- a-tocopherol phenyl- a-naphthylamine
- hydroquinone propyl gallate
- nordihydroguiaretic acid and mixtures thereof as well as any other known oil-soluble antioxidant compatible with the other components of the compositions.
- the oil-soluble antioxidants useful in the compositions of this invention should be utilized in a stabilizing effective amount and may range in total from about 0.001 to about 5% based on the weight of the total composition, preferably from about 0.01 to about 1 %.
- the amount of antioxidants utilized in the compositions of the present invention is dependent in part on the specific antioxidants selected, the amount of and specific retinoid being protected and the processing conditions.
- a retinol formulation should include BHT in the amount of from about 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight.
- a retinal formulation should include BHT in the amount of from about 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight.
- the compositions may include a chelating agent during the scale-up process to im nimize metal ion contamination.
- the retinoid compounds of this invention are sensitive to metal ions and in particular to bi- and tri-vending cations and in certain instances, appear degrade rapidly in their presence.
- the chelating agent forms a complex with the metal ions thereby inactivating them and preventing them from affecting the retinoid compounds.
- Chelating agents which are useful in the compositions of the present invention include ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and derivatives and salts thereof, dihydroxyethyl glycine, citric acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof.
- the chelating agents should be utilized in a stabilizing effective amount and may range from about 0.01 to about 2% based on the weight of the total composition, preferably from about 0.05 to about 1 %.
- the retinoid compounds which are useful in the compositions of the present invention consist of Vitamin A alcohol (retinol) , Vitamin A aldehyde (retinal) and Vitamin A esters (retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate). These retinoids are utilized in the compositions of the present invention in a therapeutically effective amount that may range from about
- the skin care compositions of the present invention comprising a non- phospholipid can be in the format of cream or lotion formulations, as desired, by varying the relative quantities of the lipid and water phases of the emulsion.
- the pH of the compositions should be in the range of from at least about 5 to about 9, and preferably from about 5 to about 7. Any of the many formulations or compositions of the cream or lotion type currently utilized in skin care preparations can be employed provided that it is in a non-phospholipid and is chemically compatible with the retinoid compounds.
- the ratio of the oil phase of the non-phospnolipid liposome to the water phase can be from about 5:95 to about 40:60. The actual ratio of the two phases will depend on the desired final product.
- retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) were prepared having the % w/w compositions set forth in Table 1.
- Table 1 the interpretation "o/w” indicates an oil-in-water composition.
- These emulsions were prepared according to the following procedure.
- the ingredients shown under the heading "Aqueous Phase ingredients” were added to a first glass container equipped with a stainless steel stirrer and heated with stirring to 75 oC-85 oC under an argon gas blanket.
- the ingredients shown under the heading "Oil Phase Ingredients” were added to a second glass container equipped with a stainless steel stirrer and heated with stirring to about from 85 oC to 90oC under an argon gas blanket.
- the Retinoid Mixture was added with stirring.
- the emulsion was blanketed under argon gas and the temperature was maintained at about 50° C-53° C during the addition of the Retinoid Mixture.
- the emulsion was gradually cooled, with stirring and under an argon blanket, to room temperature (approximately 21 "C).
- the finished emulsion was then transferred under argon gas blanketing to blind end aluminum tubes (2 ounce size) which were promptly crimped and tightly capped. The closed tubes were then set aside for determination of retinol stability after storage for various time periods at various temperatures.
- Retinol degrades under the influence of UV light. Accordingly, care must be taken at all stages of the emulsion preparation process to protect the retinol from exposure to UV light. This can be accomplished by turning out the lights in the processing area or by conducting the various handling and processing steps under yellow light.
- the ingredient in the Oil Phase Ingredients designated as Mixture A consisted of 1.50 g myristyl myristate: 1.25 g oleic acid (Emersol 228); 1.25g glyceryl stearate (Emerest 2400); 1.25 g stearic acid (Emersol 132); 1.00 g isopropyi palmitate: 1.00 stearoxytrimethylsilane (Dow Corning 580 Wax); 0.50 synthetic beeswax: 0.50 g stearyl alcohol; and 0.50 g cetyl alcohol.
- Mixture A consisted of 1.50 g myristyl myristate: 1.25 g oleic acid (Emersol 228); 1.25g glyceryl stearate (Emerest 2400); 1.25 g stearic acid (Emersol 132); 1.00 g isopropyi palmitate: 1.00 stearoxytrimethylsilane (Dow Corning 580 Wax); 0.50 synthetic be
- Mixture A was prepared by mixing the indicated ingredients in a glass container, stirring with heat untit all ingr ealents were liquefied and uniformly mixed; pouring the liquefied mixture into shallow containers; and allowing the mixture to cool to ambient temperature.
- Concentrations of all-trans retinol in oil-in-water samples A, B and C in Table 1 were determined after storage for various time periods at various temperatures. Concentrations of retinol and other retinoids such as retinal (vitamin A aldehyde), retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate can be determined by any suitable analytical procedure. As reported herein, we determined retinoid concentrations by a stability indicating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure in which the chromatograph was equipped with a reversed phase 5 micron C-8 column (25 cm in length x 4.6 mm in diameter) and a U V detector at 340nm.
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- the sample to be analyzed was diluted with a solution of 50% by weight methanol and 50% by weight ethyl acetate to a concentration of 18 micrograms/ml and the retinoid was detected at 340nm.
- the gradient mobile phase consisted of an organic portion composed of 5 percent tetrahydrofuran in acetonitrile and an aqueous portion consisting of 0.05N ammonium acetate.
- the solvent program has an initial composition of 70% organic/30% aqueous which increases linearly to 80% organic/20% aqueous at 13 minutes, then again increases linearly to 100% organic at 15 minutes, where it stays until 19 minutes.
- the analytical conditions were run at a flow rate of 2 ml/min and thermostatically regulated at 40oC.
- the retention time of retinol is about 6.4 minutes.
- the retention times of retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde), retinyl acetate, and retinyl palmitate are about 7.5 mins., 10.1 mins. and 18.7 mins. , respectively.
- the HPLC results were found to be reproducible to better than a 3% range of standard deviation.
- emulsion comprising all-trans retinol, BHT and disodium EDTA (a chelating agent) does not have acceptable chemical stability.
- a phospholipid liposomal formulation of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) was prepared having the % w/w composition set forth in Table 2 at CILAG AG. After four weeks aging at 50oC, only 64.87% of the original amount of retinol was found in the formulation which does not meet the stability criteria.
- COMPARISON EXAMPLE 3 A phospholipid liposomal formulation of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) was prepared by BioZone according to U.S Patents Nos. 4,485,054 and 4,761 ,288. After four weeks aging at 50oC, only 64.61 % of the original amount of retinol was found in the formulation which does not meet the stability criteria.
- a non-phospholipid liposomal formulation of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) was prepared by Micro Vesicular Systems, Inc. of New Jersey according to U.S. Patent No. 4,911 ,928. After 12 weeks aging at 50o C, 40oC and room temperature only 58.1 % , 79.4% and 89.3% respectively of the original amount of retinol was found in the formulation which does not meet the stability criteria.
- Retinol was encapsulated in the non-phospholipid liposome formulation with the following composition in accordance with the procedure set forth below.
- the pH of the final formulation was about 5.6.
- the oil phase components were mixed together and heated to a temperature of about S5°C.
- the water phase components were then mixed together and heated to a temperature of about 85°C and then cooled to 60°C before phasing, the water phase was then purged with argon to remove oxygen.
- a Novosome" liposome maker commercially available from Micro Vesicular Systems of New Jersey and described in U.S Patent Number 4,895,452 was equilibrated to a temperature of about 60°C by pumping the water phase through the equipment. 1 .13% of retinol (45% active was added to the oil phase.
- Example 7 The data summarized in Table 5 suggest that the stability of retinol in Example 7 was comparable to Example 5 which was prepared without ascorbic acid and disodium EDTA but under yellow light and Argon blanket. The results also suggest that the addition of ascorbic acid/disodium EDTA might enhance the chemical stability of retinol in Novasome ® liposomes without the need for using an argon blanket.
- water-soluble antioxidants may also be utilized in the compositions of this invention such as ascorbic acid, sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium thiosulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, isoascorbic acid, thioglycerol, thiosorbitol, thiourea, thioglycolic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, 1-4-diazobicyclo-(2,2,2)octane and mixtures thereof.
- the non- phospholipid liposomal formulation of retinol (Example 8A ) was physically mixed with various proportions of 30% w/w cyclomethicone loaded non- phospholipid liposome (Example 8B).
- the stability results are summarized in Tables 6 through 8.
- Example 8D To define the pH range most useful for retinol-containing compositions of this invention, the pH of Example 8D was adjusted to pH's ranging from 3.6 to 7.4 with dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sodium hydroxide. The samples were stored at different temperatures (4oC, 30oC, 40oC and 50oC). Samples were taken periodically for both physical and chemical evaluation. The results in Figure 1 clearly showed that optimal pH range for retinol cream at 50 o C was above 5 .
- Skin bioavailability which is defined by the availability of drug released from the formulation as well as the extent of skin penetration after application, usually serves as a good indicator for drug efficacy.
- the in-vitro bioavaiiability of retinol was determined by standard in-vitro release and skin penetration tests using FRANZ diffusion cells. For the release study, a weighed amount of cream was applied on a synthetic membrane mounted on each of the FRANZ diffusion cells. The synthetic membrane functioned as a cream supporter and did not cause significant resistance to the drug release. Samples were taken from the receptor chamber at predetermined intervals. The amount of retinol released from the formulation to the receptor solution was determined by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
- HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
- Example 8C which is a 50:50 mixture of 0.34% retinol loaded non-phospholipid liposome and 30% cyclomethicone loaded non-phospholipid
- Example 6 (0.15 % retinol loaded non-phospholipid) provided similar skin penetration to RoC s.a product ( Figure 3).
- Retinol-containing non-phospholipid liposome formulations were evaluated for dermal irritation and were also compared with a water-in-oil retinol formulation. Scope and Procedure
- the modified Draize Rabbit Primary Dermal Irritation Test is a procedure for predicting the ability of test articles to elicit inflammatory responses upon prolonged occluded contact with intact and intentionally-abraded New Zealand white rabbit skin. Following a timed exposure period, the test articles are removed and the application sites were evaluated. From this data, a Primary Dermal Irritation (PDI) Index is calculated for each test article and a classification is assigned.
- PDI Primary Dermal Irritation
- test article was applied with 0.25-0.30g to 25mm Hilltop Chambers containing non-woven Webril pads. The chambers were then applied to the appropriate test sites and held in place with strips of Dermicel tape. The trunk of the animals were wrapped to occlude the sites and to keep the test articles in place. After the 4 hours of exposure, the test articles were removed and readings were taken after one hour in order to allow the skin to equilibrate. After the equilibration period, the sites were examined and then again reexamined after 72 hours of application for signs of dermal irritation and were graded using a scale as follows:
- the products of this invention unexpectedly provide chemical stability enhancement, bioavaiiability programmability of retinoids to the skin, as well as improvement of the cosmetic elegance of the vehicle, which can all be achieved in a single non-phospholipid liposome formulation.
Abstract
This invention relates to a skin care composition containing a retinoid compound as an active ingredient, which is encapsulated in non-phospholipid liposomes and is chemically stable over a long period of time.
Description
SKIN CARE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING RETINOIDS AND LIPOSOMES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to skin care compositions containing retinoids which generally improve the quality of the skin, particularly human facial skin. More particularly, the present invention relates to chemically stable skin care compositions containing a non-phospholipid liposome formulation and certain retinoids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Skin care compositions containing retinoids have become the focus of great interest in recent years. Retinoic acid, also known as Vitamin A acid or tretinoin, is well-known for the treatment of such skin conditions as acne and products containing retinoic acid are commercially available in various forms. Such products, for example, include Retin A* creams, an oil-in-water emulsion of retinoic acid containing an oil-soluble antioxidant, butytated hydroxytoluene (BHT); Retin A* liquid, commercially available from Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation of Raritan, New Jersey, which is a solution of retinoic acid in a polyethylene glycol/ethanol solvent employing BHT as an antioxidant; and Retin A* gel, which comprises retinoic acid in a gel vehicle comprising ethyl alcohol as the solvent, hydroxypropyl cellulose as the thickener or gelling agent and BHT as an antioxidant.
These retinoic acid containing products have proven stable and capable of providing active ingredients after extended periods of storage. More recently, however, wider use of retinoids has been suggested for treatments other than acne such as, for example, the treatment of skin against photoaging and sun damage. Many individuals who have had a good deal of sun exposure in childhood will show the following gross cutaneous alterations in later adult life: wrinkling, leatheriness, yellowing, looseness, roughness, dryness, mottling (hyperpigmentation) and various premalignant growths (often subclinical). These changes are most prominent in light-skinned persons who burn easily and tan poorly. These cumulative effects of sunlight are often referred to as "photoaging". Although the anatomical degradation of the skin is most advanced in the elderly, the destructive effects of excessive sun exposure are already evident by the second decade. Serious microscopic alterations of the epidermis and dermis occur decades before these become clinically visible.
Wrinkling, yellowing, leatheriness and loss of elasticity are very late changes.
U.S. Patent No. 4,603,146 suggests the use of Vitamin A acid in an emollient vehicle as a treatment for ameliorating the effects of photodamage. Further, U.S. Patent No. 4,877,805, suggests that a number of retinoids are useful for restoring and reversing sun damage of human skin. Certain retinoids such as, for example, retinot (Vitamin A alcohol), retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde) and retinyl esters such as retinyl acetate and retinyl paimitate may be preferable to use in skin care compositions as opposed to retinoic acid. Retinol is an endogenous compound naturally occurring in the human body and essential for good growth,
differentiation of epithelial tissues and reproduction. Retinol is also preferred because it is safer and less irritating to the skin than other retinoids, such as retinoic acid. Additionally, excess retinol is stored in the human body largely in an inactive ester form, e.g. retinyl palmitate and, to some extent, retinyl acetate. The aldehyde, retinal, also a preferred form, is an active metabolite of retinol and is needed for visual function.
Accordingly, attention has turned toward formulating skin care compositions which contain these preferred, naturally occurring retinoids which have similar properties to existing retinoic acid formulations, i.e., providing a composition which is aesthetically pleasing and which can deliver active ingredients after a substantial shelf life.
Typically, existing formulations containing retinoids are oil-in-water emulsions in which the retinoic acid is carried within the oil phase and is protected from oxidation by employing an oil-soluble antioxidant. Oil-in- water emulsions are generally considered preferable to water-in-oil emulsions because they are nonocciusive, non-greasy, compatible with other such emulsion products, easy to remove from the skin and are regarded as more aesthetically pleasing as well as being more economical to manufacture. Generally, the chemical stability of the active retinoic acid ingredient is quite good in that the oil phase protects the retinoic acid, especially when an oil-soluble antioxidant is present. Thus, for example, the aforementioned Retin A* cream is an oil-in-water emulsion containing retinoic acid and BHT, an oil-soluble antioxidant. In U.S. Patent 3,906,108 there is disclosed an oil-in-water emulsion of retinoic acid which may include an oil-soluble antioxidant such as BHT o r d l-α-to co p he ro l a nd a cheiiating agent e.g.ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In U.S. Patent 4,466,805,
a tanning composition is described which may include, among other ingredients Vitamin A in an oil-in-water emulsion containing Vitamin E and citric acid. In U.S. Patent 4,247,547 still another form of a retinoic acid containing composition, namely a gel, is disclosed and is protected by an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) , ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) , propyl gallate, and α-tocopherol (Vitamin E).
A number of skin care products have appeared in the marketplace incorporating other retinoids, including, for example, retinol, retinal and retinyl esters such as retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate.
Unsurprisingly, these compositions emulate the formulas of commercial retinoic acid compositions: they are oil-in-water emulsions protected by oil-soluble antioxidants. However, for reasons not yet clearly understood, the retinoids other than retinoic acid in such compositions quickly lose their activity and either oxidize or isomerize to non-efficacious chemical forms with the result that the amount of retinoid actually available to provide the beneficial effects of the product is reduced, in an unacceptably short period of time, to an ineffective quantity and eventually only to trace quantities.
Generally then, products containing retinoids have been limited to oil-in- water emulsions and, with respect to those other than retinoic acid, have suffered from chemical instability. In a few instances, however, products and/or suggestions for products have been made wherein retinoids such as retinol, retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate are formulated in water-in-oil emulsions.
Thus, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,826,828 describes a stable composition comprising retinol, retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate may consist of retinol in a water-in-oil emulsion wherein the emulsion further include two oil-soluble antioxidants, BHT and BHA.
Further, Avon Products, Inc., the assignee of U.S. 4,826,828, sells two skin care products called Bioadvance and Bioadvance 2000. Each of these products is supplied in two bottles, portions of which are mixed together just prior to use. The first bottle contains what is called a "skin lotion", while the second bottle contains what is called a "fortifier". The "skin lotion" is a water-in-oil emulsion having a number of ingredients which include water, emulsifiers, silicone and vegetable oils, preservatives, emollients and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) The "fortifier" is a non- aqueous solution which contains a number of ingredients including cyciomethicone (a silicone oil), denatured ethanol, an emulsifier (Polysorbate 20), retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, BHT and BHA. When a specified portion of the "fortifier" is added to a specified portion of the "skin lotion" and mixed, there results a water-in-oil emulsion which comprises retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, BHT and BHA, the latter being oil-soluble antioxidants. The outer package in which Bioadvance is supplied carries a statement which says "Because BIOADVANCE begins to lose effectiveness after one month, for maximum benefits, use a fresh supply each month". It would appear from this statement that the chemical stability of the retinoids in the mixture of the "skin lotion" and the "fortifier" is quite limited. The fact that in both the BIOADVANCE and
BIOADVANCE 2000 products the "fortifier" ingredients must be mixed with the "skin lotion" ingredients immediately prior to use indicates that the resulting water-in-oil emulsion which is applied to the skin also has
limited chemical stability of one or more of the above-mentioned retinol, retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate.
Further still, U.S. 4,720,353 to Bell describes water-in-oil emulsion carriers for various medicaments and drugs intended for topical application to the skin. Water soluble, miscible or dispersible drugs may be incorporated into the aqueous phase of the emulsion. Oil-soluble, miscible or dispersible drugs may be incorporated into the oil phase. Drugs which may be incorporated into the emulsion include derivatives of retinoic acid. Ingredients which may optionally be added to the emulsion include a preservative such as methyl paraben, propyl paraben or imidazolidinyl urea or an antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole and a water or oil soluble vitamin such as vitamin C, tocopherol linoleate and the like. Still further, EP 0 343 444 A2 to Siemer et al discloses cosmetic preparations based on retinyl palmitate. Example 3 discloses a night cream in the form of an water-in-oil type emulsion comprising retinyl palmitate and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Example 4 discloses a water-in-oil emulsion comprising retinyl acetate and a-Tocopherol (Vitamin E).
Still further, EP 0 330 496 A2 to Batt is directed to skin treatment compositions comprising a topically acceptable base and an effective amount of at least one ester of retinol, said compositions being useful in the treatment of photoaged skin. Example 6 discloses a water-in-oil emulsion comprising Vitamin A propionate and BHT, an oil soluble antioxidant.
Unfortunately, none of these prior attempts to emulate the stability of the retinoic acid containing compositions have been successful for retinoids
other than retinoic acid and in each case result in substantial and unacceptable chemical instability of the retinol, retinal or retinoic esters employed therein. Accordingly, there is a need for a composition in which such non-retinoic acid retinoids may be provided in a chemically stable form.
Jonas C.T. Wang, et.al in pending application USSN 719,764 filled November 15, 1993 disclose the stabilization of retinol in a water-in-oil emulsion, in which retinol was dispersed and protected in oil phase. However, oil-in-water emulsions are much more preferred than water-in-oil emulsions based on the cosmetic performance. This is due to the fact that oil-in-water emulsions, in general, are less occlusive, less greasy, compatible with make-up and easy to be removed from the skin leading to a more aesthetically pleasing feel. In addition, oil-in-water formulations are less costly considering the ingredient composition and the manufacturing process.
It is therefore desirable to develop efficacious and also cosmetically elegant skin care products containing retinoids including retinoic acid, retinal, retinol, and retinyl esters to enhance the broad usage of retinol for skin treatment.
It is another object of this invention to provide skin care compositions containing retinoids which have acceptable shelf-lives.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a skin care comnosition containing retinoids, which permits the controlled release of active ingredients to the skin over time.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method for making a stable skin care composition containing retinoids, which retains its activity over a long time period. It is yet another object of this invention to provide skin care compositions which are relatively non-irritating and yet efficacious in delivering active ingredient to the skin.
Other objects of this invention will become clear throughout the description provided, below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a graph depicting the effect of pH on stability of retinol in non- phosphoipid liposome formulations.
Figure 2 is a graph depicting the amount of retinol released from the formulation of Example 8C compared with that of a water-in-oil formulation.
Figure 3 is a graph depicting the amount of active ingredient which permeates the epidermis and dermis from the formulations of Examples 8C and 6 in comparison with that of a water-in-oil formulation. Figure 4 is a graph depicting the sensory perceptions of certain formulations of this invention in comparison with other skin care compositions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, it has now been discovered that, unexpectedly, certain retinoids may be successfully stabilized against chemical degradation by incorporating them into non-phospholipid liposomes using a specifically defined stabilizing system and process. The retinoids which can be stabilized against chemical degradation in accordance with the principles of the present invention include retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) , retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde), retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate and mixtures thereof.
As used herein, the "chemical stability" or "stability" of a retinoid is defined in terms of the percentage of the specified retinoid which is retained in its original chemical form after the composition has been stored for a specified period of time at a specified temperature. Thus, if the original concentration of all-trans retinol in an absolute ethanol solution were 0.20% by weight and, after two (2) weeks storage at room temperature (21 ºC ± 1 ºC) , the concentration of all-trans retinol were 0.18% by weight, then the original solution of all-trans retinol in absolute ethanol would be characterized as having a chemical stability of retinol of 90% after two weeks storage at room temperature. In the same fashion, if an non-phospholipid liposome formulation comprising all-trans retinol had an initial concentration of 0.30% by weight and after storage for 13 weeks at 50ºC had a concentration of all trans-retinol of 0.24% by weight, then the original emulsion would be characterized as having a chemical stability of retinol of 80% after 13 weeks storage at 50ºC.
For the specific retinoids which are the subject of this invention the non- phospholipid liposome form, in combination with the selection of a stability
system from those described herein, will produce compositions having a chemical stability of 80% after 13 weeks' storage at 50°C. The present invention also provides a system for stabilizing retinoids, unexpectedly, without the presence of a water-soluble antioxidant.
Accordingly there is provided, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a skin care composition comprising a non-phospholipid liposome and a retinoid selected from the group consisting of retinol, retinal, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate and mixtures thereof, said composition further comprising a stabilizing system selected from the group consisting of: a) an oil-soluble antioxidant; and
b) a chelating agent and at least one oil-soluble antioxidant; wherein said composition has a pH from at least about 5 to about 10, said composition retaining at least about 80% of said retinoids after 13 weeks storage at 50ºC. It was also discovered unexpectedly that the compositions of this invention can be endowed with material changes resulting in a controiled-reiease of active agent from the liposome carrier. The compositions of this invention may also be moderated in order to enhance or diminish penetration of the active ingredient into the skin.
Surprisingly, compositions of the present invention containing a relatively high level of surfactants (e.g., >8%) exhibit irritation at the same level as that experienced by individuals exposed to a water-in-oil cream con taining 2% surfactant.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As described above, the composition of the invention is in the form of a particular type of liposome, namely, a non-phospholipid liposome.
Most commercial skin care compositions such as the ones containing retinoic acid are oil-in-water emulsion systems. In such oil-in-water emulsion systems, certain retinoid compounds, in particular, retinol, retinal, and the retinyl esters tend to be chemically unstable, i.e. they degrade, either by way of oxidation or isomerization, and are, therefore, not available to perform in their desired manner. While this is not clearly understood, it is believed that this degradation occurs as a result of the rapid diffusion of oxygen through the external water phase to the internal oil phase containing the retinoid. The oxygen is readily available to degrade the retinoid. Because the diffusion of oxygen is greater in a water phase than an oil phase, an oil-in-water system is more prone to such degradation.
The compositions of the present invention overcome these difficulties and instead, provide a non-phospholipid liposome composition containing at least one retinoid compound wherein both the physical stability of the liposome and the chemical stability of the active ingredients are maintained at high levels. Liposomes are spherical, self-closed structures composed of curved lipid bilayers which entrap part of the solvent, in which the treely float, into their interior. They may consist of one or several concentric membranes. Liposomes are made predominantly from amphiphiles, a special class of surface active molecules, which are characterized by having a hydrophilic
and a hydrophobic group on the same molecule. These molecules are not soluble in water; and, rather than forming solutions, they form colloidal dispersions. Until recently, liposome technology has been concerned mostly with vesicles composed of phospholipid. Phospholipids are labile and expensive to purify or synthesize. In addition, manufacture of phospholipid liposome is difficult and costly to scale up. For these reasons there has been increasing interest in non-phospholipid liposomes. Certain double-chain synthetic surfactants with non-ionic polar heads and single-chain surfactants in mixture with cholesterol can form non-ionic liposome. They have increased chemical stability over natural phospholipid and are easy to make in large, commercial quantities. Because of their solubility properties the structure of these aggregates involves the ordering of lipid molecules: the hydrophilic part tends to be in contact with water while the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains prefer to be hidden from water in the interior of the structures. One of the most frequently encountered aggregate structures is a lipid biiayer. On the surface of either side are polar heads which shield non-polar tails in the interior of the lamella from water. At higher lipid concentrations these bilayers from lamellar crystalline phases where two-dimensional planar lipid bilayers alternate with water layers. Upon dilution, these lipid bilayers form liposomes. These liposomes can entrap hydrophilic materials in the aqueous compartments and lipophilic materials in the bilayers. Molecules that are entrapped in the bilayers are sometimes referred to as "cargo molecules". Lipophiiic entrapment is severely limited by the ability of the bilayer to entrap the cargo molecule.
Liposomes can be large or small and may be composed of from one to several hundred concentric bilayers. With respect to the size and the number of lamellae, they are distinguished as large multilamellar vesicles (MLV's) and large and small uniiamellar vesicles (LUV's and SUV's respectively). Most of the research to date have centered on above mentioned type of vesicles.
Recently, Donald F.H Wallach (U.S. Patent number 4,91 1 ,928) described another type of lipid vesicles, the paucilamellar lipid vesicles (PLV). The invention describes the PLV's consisting of 2 to 8 peripheral bilayer surrounding a large unstructured central cavity which can be filled wholly or in part with an apolar oil or wax. The multiple lipid biiayer and an apolar core of the PLV'S provide PLV'S with the capacity to transport a greater amount of lipophilic materials.
Still further, U.S. 5,147,723 to Donald F. H. Wallach describes the non- phospholipid surfactants which can form paucilamellar lipid vesicles. The surfactant can be selected from a group consisting of polyoxyethylene fatty esters having the formula R1-COO(C2H4O)nH where R1 is a radical of lauric, myristic, cetyl, stearic or oleic acid and n is an integer from 2 to 10; polyoxyethylene fatty acid ethers, having the formula R2-CO(C2H4O)mH where R2 is a radical of lauric, myristic, or cetyl acids, single or double unstaurated octadecyl acids, or double unsaturated eicodienic acids and m is an integer from 2 to 4; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono- or trioieate; and polyoxyethylene glyceryl monostearate with from 1 to 10 polyoxyethylene groups.
All these structures have many interesting physical and chemical properties, such as osmotic activity, permeability of their rnemoranes to
different solutes, solubilizing power, interaction with various hydrophobic and hydrophilic solutes, or aggregation behavior which can depend on temperature, chemical composition and surface characteristics of the membrane, and presence of various agents.
The oil-soluble antioxidants which are useful in the compositions of the present invention include butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a-tocopherol, phenyl- a-naphthylamine, hydroquinone, propyl gallate, nordihydroguiaretic acid, and mixtures thereof as well as any other known oil-soluble antioxidant compatible with the other components of the compositions.
The oil-soluble antioxidants useful in the compositions of this invention should be utilized in a stabilizing effective amount and may range in total from about 0.001 to about 5% based on the weight of the total composition, preferably from about 0.01 to about 1 %. The amount of antioxidants utilized in the compositions of the present invention is dependent in part on the specific antioxidants selected, the amount of and specific retinoid being protected and the processing conditions. For example, a retinol formulation should include BHT in the amount of from about 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight. A retinal formulation should include BHT in the amount of from about 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight. In certain aspects of this invention, the compositions may include a chelating agent during the scale-up process to im nimize metal ion contamination. The retinoid compounds of this invention are sensitive to metal ions and in particular to bi- and tri-vaient cations and in certain instances, appear degrade rapidly in their presence. The
chelating agent forms a complex with the metal ions thereby inactivating them and preventing them from affecting the retinoid compounds. Chelating agents which are useful in the compositions of the present invention include ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and derivatives and salts thereof, dihydroxyethyl glycine, citric acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof. The chelating agents should be utilized in a stabilizing effective amount and may range from about 0.01 to about 2% based on the weight of the total composition, preferably from about 0.05 to about 1 %.
The retinoid compounds which are useful in the compositions of the present invention consist of Vitamin A alcohol (retinol) , Vitamin A aldehyde (retinal) and Vitamin A esters (retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate). These retinoids are utilized in the compositions of the present invention in a therapeutically effective amount that may range from about
0.001 to about 5% by weight of the total compositions, preferably from about 0.001 to about 1 %.
The skin care compositions of the present invention comprising a non- phospholipid can be in the format of cream or lotion formulations, as desired, by varying the relative quantities of the lipid and water phases of the emulsion. The pH of the compositions should be in the range of from at least about 5 to about 9, and preferably from about 5 to about 7. Any of the many formulations or compositions of the cream or lotion type currently utilized in skin care preparations can be employed provided that it is in a non-phospholipid and is chemically compatible with the retinoid compounds. The ratio of the oil phase of the non-phospnolipid liposome to the water phase can be from about 5:95 to about 40:60. The actual ratio
of the two phases will depend on the desired final product.
The advantages of the invention and specific embodiments of the skin care compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention, as well as comparisons with compositions outside the scope of the claimed invention are illustrated by the following examples. It will be understood, however, that the invention is not confined to the specific limitations set forth in the individual examples, but rather to the scope of the appended claims.
COMPARISON EXAMPLE 1
Three oil-in-water emulsions of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) were prepared having the % w/w compositions set forth in Table 1. In Table 1 , the appellation "o/w" indicates an oil-in-water composition. These emulsions were prepared according to the following procedure. The ingredients shown under the heading "Aqueous Phase ingredients" were added to a first glass container equipped with a stainless steel stirrer and heated with stirring to 75 ºC-85 ºC under an argon gas blanket. The ingredients shown under the heading "Oil Phase Ingredients" were added to a second glass container equipped with a stainless steel stirrer and heated with stirring to about from 85 ºC to 90ºC under an argon gas blanket. The ingredients shown under the heading "Retinoid Mixture" were added to a third glass container equipped with a stainless steel stirrer and stirred at room temperature under a blanket of argon gas. Stirring was continued in all instances until uniformity was achieved. The Aqueous phase Ingredients at 75ºC-85ºC were then added to the Oil Phase Ingredients. During this addition step, the Oil Phase Ingredients were maintained at 85 ºC-90ºC with stirring under an argon gas blanket. The mixture of th e Aqueous
Phase Ingredients and Oil Phase Ingredients was stirred, at a temperature in the range of 90ºC and under the argon gas blanket until a uniform oil-in- water emulsion was obtained. After the resulting emulsion was cooled to about 50º C-53 ° C, the Retinoid Mixture was added with stirring. The emulsion was blanketed under argon gas and the temperature was maintained at about 50° C-53° C during the addition of the Retinoid Mixture. After the addition of the Retinoid Mixture was completed, the emulsion was gradually cooled, with stirring and under an argon blanket, to room temperature (approximately 21 "C). The finished emulsion was then transferred under argon gas blanketing to blind end aluminum tubes (2 ounce size) which were promptly crimped and tightly capped. The closed tubes were then set aside for determination of retinol stability after storage for various time periods at various temperatures. Retinol degrades under the influence of UV light. Accordingly, care must be taken at all stages of the emulsion preparation process to protect the retinol from exposure to UV light. This can be accomplished by turning out the lights in the processing area or by conducting the various handling and processing steps under yellow light.
In the above Table 1 , the ingredient in the Oil Phase Ingredients designated as Mixture A consisted of 1.50 g myristyl myristate: 1.25 g oleic acid (Emersol 228); 1.25g glyceryl stearate (Emerest 2400); 1.25 g stearic acid (Emersol 132); 1.00 g isopropyi palmitate: 1.00 stearoxytrimethylsilane (Dow Corning 580 Wax); 0.50 synthetic beeswax: 0.50 g stearyl alcohol; and 0.50 g cetyl alcohol. Mixture A was prepared by mixing the indicated ingredients in a glass container, stirring with heat untit all ingr ealents were
liquefied and uniformly mixed; pouring the liquefied mixture into shallow containers; and allowing the mixture to cool to ambient temperature.
Concentrations of all-trans retinol in oil-in-water samples A, B and C in Table 1 were determined after storage for various time periods at various temperatures. Concentrations of retinol and other retinoids such as retinal (vitamin A aldehyde), retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate can be determined by any suitable analytical procedure. As reported herein, we determined retinoid concentrations by a stability indicating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure in which the chromatograph was equipped with a reversed phase 5 micron C-8 column (25 cm in length x 4.6 mm in diameter) and a U V detector at 340nm. The sample to be analyzed was diluted with a solution of 50% by weight methanol and 50% by weight ethyl acetate to a concentration of 18 micrograms/ml and the retinoid was detected at 340nm. The gradient mobile phase consisted of an organic portion composed of 5 percent tetrahydrofuran in acetonitrile and an aqueous portion consisting of 0.05N ammonium acetate. The solvent program has an initial composition of 70% organic/30% aqueous which increases linearly to 80% organic/20% aqueous at 13 minutes, then again increases linearly to 100% organic at 15 minutes, where it stays until 19 minutes. After injecting 15 microliters of sample solution into the chromatograph, the analytical conditions were run at a flow rate of 2 ml/min and thermostatically regulated at 40ºC. The retention time of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) is about 6.4 minutes. The retention times of retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde), retinyl acetate, and retinyl palmitate are about 7.5 mins., 10.1 mins. and 18.7 mins. , respectively. The HPLC results were
found to be reproducible to better than a 3% range of standard deviation.
The results were as follows:
For Sample A: After twenty-six (26) weeks aging at room temperature (21 ° C ± 10º C), only 39% of the original amount of all- trans retinol was found in the emulsion. After twenty-six (26) weeks aging at 40º C, only three percent (3%) of the original amount of all-trans retinol was found in the emulsion.lt is concluded that an oil-in-water emulsion comprising retinol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), an oil-soluble antioxidant, does not have acceptable retinol chemical stability. For Sample B: After thirteen (13) weeks aging at room temperature,
87% of the original amount of all-trans retinol was found in the emulsion. After thirteen (13) weeks aging at 40ºC, just four percent (4%) of the original amount of all-trans retinol was found in the emulsion. After thirteen (13) weeks aging at 50ºC, no amount of all- trans-retinoic acid was detected in Sample B. After twenty-six (26) weeks aging at room temperature, fifty-seven percent (57.%) of the original amount of all-trans retinol was found in the emulsion. It is concluded that chemical stability of all-trans retinol in an oil-in-water
emulsion comprising all-trans retinol, BHT and disodium EDTA (a chelating agent) does not have acceptable chemical stability.
For Sample C: After thirteen (13) weeks aging at room temperature, sixty percent (60%) of the initial amount of all-trans retinol was found in the emulsion, while after thirteen (13) weeks aging at 40º C, twenty-three percent (23%) all-trans retinol was detected. No amount of all trans- retinol was detected after Sample C was stored for thirteen (13) weeks at 50º C.
After twenty-six (26) weeks aging at room temperature, forty-two percent (42%) of the initial amount of all-trans retinol was found in Sample C; after fifty-two (52) weeks aging at room temperature, thirty-one percent (31 %) of the initial concentration of all-trans retinol remained in Sample C.
From the foregoing aging results, it is concluded that the chemical stability of all-trans retinol in an oil-in-water emulsion comprising all-trans retinol, an oil-soluble antioxidant (BHT) , a water-soluble antioxidant (ascorbic acid) and a chelating agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is chemically unacceptable.
COMPARISON EXAMPLE 2
A phospholipid liposomal formulation of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) was prepared having the % w/w composition set forth in Table 2 at CILAG AG. After four weeks aging at 50ºC, only 64.87% of the original amount of retinol was found in the formulation which does not meet the stability criteria.
COMPARISON EXAMPLE 3 A phospholipid liposomal formulation of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) was prepared by BioZone according to U.S Patents Nos. 4,485,054 and 4,761 ,288. After four weeks aging at 50ºC, only 64.61 % of the original amount of
retinol was found in the formulation which does not meet the stability criteria.
COMPARISON EXAMPLE 4
A non-phospholipid liposomal formulation of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) was prepared by Micro Vesicular Systems, Inc. of New Jersey according to U.S. Patent No. 4,911 ,928. After 12 weeks aging at 50º C, 40ºC and room temperature only 58.1 % , 79.4% and 89.3% respectively of the original amount of retinol was found in the formulation which does not meet the stability criteria.
The results clearly demonstrated that retinol was more stable in both phospholipid and non-phospholipid liposome type formulation than in the oil-in-water emulsion. Although retinol was partially stabilized by formulation type change from o/w to non-phospholipid liposome, the shelf- life at ambient temperature was only 12 weeks, that is still chemically unacceptable. EXAMPLE 5 and 6:
Retinol was encapsulated in the non-phospholipid liposome formulation with the following composition in accordance with the procedure set forth below. The pH of the final formulation was about 5.6.
Under a yellow light and inside an argon blanket, which served to diminish the amount of oxygen in the formulation, the oil phase components were mixed together and heated to a temperature of about S5°C. The water
phase components were then mixed together and heated to a temperature of about 85°C and then cooled to 60°C before phasing, the water phase was then purged with argon to remove oxygen. A Novosome" liposome maker, commercially available from Micro Vesicular Systems of New Jersey and described in U.S Patent Number 4,895,452) was equilibrated to a temperature of about 60°C by pumping the water phase through the equipment. 1 .13% of retinol (45% active was added to the oil phase. Both the water phase and the oil phase were pumped through the Novosome® maker and the product was collected in a stainless steel jacketed kettle (manufactured by fryma) which had been blanketed with argon. The kettle was equipped with a scraper-stirrer, toothed colloid mill, dissolver and vacuum deaeration system. The product was vacuumed until the pressure in the kettle dropped to 0.8 mBar. The products were dispensed into proper packages under the argon blanket. Proper packages may be selected from aluminum tubes, cans, pumps and/or sprays.
The stability results shown in Table 3 and 4 clearly illustrate that retinol is more stable in example 5 and 6 than in example 4 and also meet the stability criteria 80% remaining at 50°C after 13 weeks of storage. There is no significant difference on the stability of retinol as its concentration is changed from 0.153% to 0.504%.
EXAMPLE 7:
To further improve the formulations of this invention, a formulation with a water soluble antioxidant ascorbic acid and a chelating agent disodium EDTA was prepared in dark room without an Argon blanket set forth below..
The data summarized in Table 5 suggest that the stability of retinol in Example 7 was comparable to Example 5 which was prepared without ascorbic acid and disodium EDTA but under yellow light and Argon blanket. The results also suggest that the addition of ascorbic acid/disodium EDTA might enhance the chemical stability of retinol in Novasome® liposomes without the need for using an argon blanket. Thus, water-soluble antioxidants may also be utilized in the compositions of this invention such as ascorbic acid, sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium thiosulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, isoascorbic acid, thioglycerol, thiosorbitol, thiourea, thioglycolic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, 1-4-diazobicyclo-(2,2,2)octane and mixtures thereof.
EXAMPLE 8:
To improve the cosmetic elegance of the retinol formula, the non- phospholipid liposomal formulation of retinol (Example 8A ) was physically mixed with various proportions of 30% w/w cyclomethicone loaded non- phospholipid liposome (Example 8B). The stability results are summarized in Tables 6 through 8.
The data suggest that there are no significant changes in stability of a non- phospholipid liposomal retinol formulation when it is mixed with 30-50% of 30% cyclomethicone loaded non-phospholipid liposome formulation to render cosmetic elegance to the primary formula. This was of great significance because the elegance characteristic is of profound importance for custemer compliance.
Example 9:
The Effect of PH on Stability of Retinol in a Non-Phospholioid Liposom Formulation.
To define the pH range most useful for retinol-containing compositions of this invention, the pH of Example 8D was adjusted to pH's ranging from 3.6 to 7.4 with dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sodium hydroxide. The samples were stored at different temperatures (4ºC, 30ºC, 40ºC and 50ºC). Samples were taken periodically for both physical and chemical evaluation. The results in Figure 1 clearly showed that optimal pH range for retinol cream at 50 º C was above 5 .
EXAMPLE 9:
In-vitro Bioavailabilitv of Liposome Formulations
Skin bioavailability, which is defined by the availability of drug released from the formulation as well as the extent of skin penetration after application, usually serves as a good indicator for drug efficacy. The in-vitro bioavaiiability of retinol was determined by standard in-vitro release and skin penetration tests using FRANZ diffusion cells. For the release study, a weighed amount of cream was applied on a synthetic membrane mounted on each of the FRANZ diffusion cells. The synthetic membrane functioned as a cream supporter and did not cause significant resistance to the drug release. Samples were taken from the receptor chamber at predetermined intervals. The amount of retinol released from the formulation to the receptor solution was determined by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC). The results in Figure 2 clearly showed that the release of retinol from non-phospholipid liposome Example 8C is much faster than that from RoC s.a (water-in-oil, 0.15% retinol) formulation, a stable retinol water-in-oil cream produced according to Wang, et.al. pending patent on the market. At the end of 7 hours, approximately 10% and 5% of retinol were released from non-phospholipid liposome and RoC s.a respectively.
The in-vitro skin penetration study was conducted using a similar protocol as the release study except that human cadaver skin was used instead of a synthetic membrane. At the end of 48 hrs of experiment, the skin surface was thoroughly cleaned and the amount of retinol penetrated was analyzed by HPLC. It was found that non-phospholipid liposome formulations can be engineered to provide a wide range of bioavaiiability. For example, Example 8C (which is a 50:50 mixture of 0.34% retinol loaded non-phospholipid liposome and 30% cyclomethicone loaded non-phospholipid) yielded much higher retinol skin penetration compared to the RoC s.a product. On the other hand, Example 6 (0.15 % retinol loaded non-phospholipid) provided similar skin penetration to RoC s.a product (Figure 3). EXAMPLE 10:
Dermal Irritation Test:
Retinol-containing non-phospholipid liposome formulations were evaluated for dermal irritation and were also compared with a water-in-oil retinol formulation.
Scope and Procedure
The modified Draize Rabbit Primary Dermal Irritation Test is a procedure for predicting the ability of test articles to elicit inflammatory responses upon prolonged occluded contact with intact and intentionally-abraded New Zealand white rabbit skin. Following a timed exposure period, the test articles are removed and the application sites were evaluated. From this data, a Primary Dermal Irritation (PDI) Index is calculated for each test article and a classification is assigned.
The test article was applied with 0.25-0.30g to 25mm Hilltop Chambers containing non-woven Webril pads. The chambers were then applied to the appropriate test sites and held in place with strips of Dermicel tape. The trunk of the animals were wrapped to occlude the sites and to keep the test articles in place. After the 4 hours of exposure, the test articles were removed and readings were taken after one hour in order to allow the skin to equilibrate. After the equilibration period, the sites were examined and then again reexamined after 72 hours of application for signs of dermal irritation and were graded using a scale as follows:
In general, the irritancy of topical formulation arises from both the active and the surfactants. The results in Table 9 show that 0.15% retinol w/o formulations, which contain approximately 2% surfactants, exhibit mild or marginally moderate irritancy. Surprisingly, 0.15% retinol non-phospholipid liposome formulations, which contain more than 8% surfactants, show similar irritancy as that of w/o formulation tested. The results suggest that non- phospholipid liposome formulations may have a potential to reduce the irritancy from the ingredients of the formulations. EXAMPLE 11:
Evaluation of Cosmetic Performance:
Three non-phospholipid liposomal formulations and a water-in-oil emulsion (a stable retinol product marketed by RoC s.a,) containing 0.15% retinol were evaluated for quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). The commercial product Night of Olay® from Procter & Gamble was used as a control. The objective of this evaluation was to determine the overall cosmetic attributes of the retinol creams. The evaluation was performed by a trained panel of scientists. The parameters which were evaluated were appearance in cup, feel between fingers, feel during application and skin feel after application.
The results for the various elements after application are shown in Figure 4 along with the same for Night of Olay for easy comparison. The results suggest that retinol liposome formulations were preferred over retinol in water-in-oil.
The results also suggest that greasiness which is a big drawback for water-in-oil
emulsion can be controlled with slight modification of the liposomal formulation without compromising the stability of retinol. The results of comparisons of the formulations of Examples 6, 8 and two commercial compositions are set forth in Fig. 4.
According to above observations, the products of this invention unexpectedly provide chemical stability enhancement, bioavaiiability programmability of retinoids to the skin, as well as improvement of the cosmetic elegance of the vehicle, which can all be achieved in a single non-phospholipid liposome formulation.
Claims
1. A composition for skin care comprising a non-phospholipid liposome and a retinoid selected from the group consisting of retinol, retinal, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate and mixtures thereof, said composition further comprising a stabilizing system selected from the group consisting of: a) an oil-soluble antioxidant; and
b) a chelating agent and at least one oil-soluble antioxidant; wherein said composition has a pH from at least about 5 to about 10, said composition retaining at least 80% of said retinoids after 13 weeks' storage at 50OC.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said retinoid is Vitamin A alcohol.
3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said retinoid is Vitamin A acid.
4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said retinoid is Vitamin A aldehyde.
5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said oil-soluble antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, α-tocopherol, phenyl-α- naphthylamine and mixtures thereof.
6. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and derivatives and salts thereof, dihydroxyethyl glycine, citric acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof.
7. A composition according to claim 6 wherein said chelating agent is selected form the group consisting of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and derivatives and salts thereof.
8. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the pH of said composition is from about 5 to about 7.
9. A skin care composition comprising a non-phospholipid liposome and a retinoid selected from the group consisting of retinol, retinal, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate and mixtures thereof, said composition further comprising a stabilizing system comprising an oil-soluble antioxidant, wherein said composition has a pH from at least about 5 to about 10, said composition retaining at least 80% of said retinoids after 13 weeks' storage at 50OC.
10. A composition according to claim 9 wherein said oil- soluble antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, α-tocopherol, phenyl-α- naphthylamine and mixtures thereof.
11. A skin care composition comprising a non-phospholipid liposome and a retinoid selected from the group consisting of retinol, retinal, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate and mixtures thereof, said composition further comprising a stabilizing system comprising at least one oil-soluble antioxidant and a chelating agent, wherein said composition has a pH from at least about 5 to about 10, said composition retaining at least 80% of said retinoids after 13 weeks' storage at 50OC.
12. A composition according to claim 11 wherein said oil-soluble antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, α -tocopherol, phenyl-α- naphthylamine and mixtures thereof.
13. A composition according to claim 11 wherein said chelating agent is selected form the group consisting of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and derivatives and salts thereof, dihydroxyethyl glycine, citric acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof.
14. A composition according to claim 9 wherein said retinoid is Vitamin A alcohol.
15. A composition according to claim 11 wherein said retinoid is Vitamin A alcohol.
16. A composition according to claim 9 wherein the pH is from about 5 to about 7.
17. A composition according to claim 11 wherein the pH is from about 5 to about 7.
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8530447A JPH11503165A (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1996-04-03 | Skin care composition containing retinoids and liposomes |
EP96912539A EP0818988A2 (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1996-04-03 | Skin care compositions containing retinoids and liposomes |
AU55322/96A AU5532296A (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1996-04-03 | Skin care compositions containing retinoids and liposomes |
NZ306694A NZ306694A (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1996-04-03 | Skin care composition containing a retinoid |
APAP/P/1997/001101A AP789A (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1996-04-03 | Skin care compositions containing retinoids and liposomes. |
BR9604954A BR9604954A (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1996-04-03 | Skin care compositions containing retinoids and liposomes |
EA199700289A EA199700289A1 (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1996-04-03 | COMPOSITIONS FOR SKIN CARE CONTAINING RETINOIDS AND LIPOSOMES |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US41597595A | 1995-04-03 | 1995-04-03 | |
US08/415,975 | 1995-04-03 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996031194A2 WO1996031194A2 (en) | 1996-10-10 |
WO1996031194A9 true WO1996031194A9 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
WO1996031194A3 WO1996031194A3 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
Family
ID=23648011
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/004557 WO1996031194A2 (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1996-04-03 | Skin care compositions containing retinoids and liposomes |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0818988A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11503165A (en) |
KR (1) | KR19980703668A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1185729A (en) |
AP (1) | AP789A (en) |
AU (1) | AU5532296A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9604954A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2217201A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ311997A3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA199700289A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP9801607A3 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ306694A (en) |
OA (1) | OA10520A (en) |
PL (1) | PL322624A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996031194A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6183774B1 (en) | 1996-01-31 | 2001-02-06 | Collaborative Laboratories, Inc. | Stabilizing vitamin A derivatives by encapsulation in lipid vesicles formed with alkylammonium fatty acid salts |
US6068847A (en) * | 1996-10-03 | 2000-05-30 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. | Cosmetic compositions |
DE19713368A1 (en) * | 1997-03-29 | 1998-10-01 | Beiersdorf Ag | Preparations with active ingredients sensitive to oxidation |
FR2771635A1 (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-04 | Capsulis | Encapsulation of active materials in multilamellar vesicles containing an agent to prevent degradation |
FR2771636B1 (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 2001-06-15 | Capsulis | IMPROVED METHOD FOR AVOIDING THE DEGRADATION OF AN ACTIVE INGREDIENT |
US8106094B2 (en) | 1998-07-06 | 2012-01-31 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating skin conditions |
US8093293B2 (en) | 1998-07-06 | 2012-01-10 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Methods for treating skin conditions |
DE19839402A1 (en) * | 1998-08-29 | 2000-03-02 | Beiersdorf Ag | Stable oil-in-water retinoid emulsion useful for skin care contains selected emulsifier(s) based on e.g. glyceryl stearate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 30 stearate |
FR2787730B1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2001-02-09 | Oreal | POLY (ALKYLENE ADIPATE) NANOCAPSULES, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND COSMETIC OR DERMATOLOGICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM |
JP3641152B2 (en) | 1999-02-17 | 2005-04-20 | 株式会社ヤクルト本社 | Topical skin preparation |
CA2309373A1 (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2000-11-27 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Novel topical formulations |
US20030003170A1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2003-01-02 | Theresa Callaghan | Method for the topical treatment and prevention of inflammatory disorders and related conditions using extracts of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) |
JP2001122735A (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-08 | Kose Corp | Skin lotion |
US6468552B1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2002-10-22 | Neutrogena Corporation | Stabilized compositions containing oxygen-labile active agents |
US8431550B2 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2013-04-30 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Topical anti-cancer compositions and methods of use thereof |
KR100389670B1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2003-07-02 | 주식회사 티씨 싸이언스 | A novel retinol derivative as an anti-aging agent and process for preparing thereof |
US7192615B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2007-03-20 | J&J Consumer Companies, Inc. | Compositions containing legume products |
DK1236402T3 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2010-05-10 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer | Compositions containing soy products |
US7547456B2 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2009-06-16 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Composition containing feverfew extract and use thereof |
DE10117842A1 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-17 | Coty Bv | Cosmetic vitamin A-containing preparation |
US6797697B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2004-09-28 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Composition containing a peptide and a pigment and the use thereof in darkening the skin |
US7214655B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2007-05-08 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Peptides and the use thereof in darkening the skin |
US7081442B2 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2006-07-25 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Composition containing a peptide and a pigment and the use thereof in darkening the skin |
KR100439068B1 (en) * | 2001-09-07 | 2004-07-05 | 주식회사 코리아나화장품 | Stablized cosmetic material containing triple layered retonol |
DE10212865B4 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2005-05-04 | Beiersdorf Ag | Use of 9-retinal alkanolamine Schiff base in cosmetic dermatological formulations |
KR101011719B1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2011-01-28 | 가부시키가이샤 코세 | Cosmetic preparation |
US7025951B2 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2006-04-11 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Compositions and methods for darkening the skin |
MXPA05005170A (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2005-10-05 | Galderma Res & Dev | Aqueous-alcoholic depigmenting gel containing a phenolic derivative and a retinoid. |
NZ552080A (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2011-03-31 | Univ Washington | 9-cis-retinyl esters and uses thereof |
US7381707B2 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2008-06-03 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Treatment of dry eye |
US20120141576A1 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2012-06-07 | Benjamin Johnson | Treatment of Dermatologic Skin Disorders |
US20130149362A1 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2013-06-13 | Benjamin Johnson | Treatment product and method |
CA2721210C (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2017-05-16 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Dual spray can topical delivery device |
US8642655B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2014-02-04 | Benjamin Johnson | Systems and methods for preventing cancer and treating skin lesions |
US20130004590A1 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Lin Connie B | Zinc oxide/acid containing compositions and methods for treating and/or preventing enzymatic irritation |
US20130004580A1 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Lin Connie B | Divalent cation/talc containing compositions and methods for treating and/or preventing enzymatic irritation |
CA2781212A1 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2012-12-28 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Divalent cation containing compositions and methods for treating and/or preventing enzymatic irritation |
WO2013072929A2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-05-23 | Indian Institute Of Technology | Nanop article based cosmetic composition |
KR102105210B1 (en) | 2012-11-26 | 2020-04-27 | 코웨이 주식회사 | Cosmetic composition of oil in water emulsion stabilized retinoids derivative |
LT3087973T (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2020-05-11 | Dermopartners, S.L. | Method for preparing liposomes of retinaldehyde or other precursors of retinoic acid and product thus obtained |
KR102134931B1 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2020-07-16 | 코웨이 주식회사 | Cosmetic composition comprising transparent and visible spherical particles |
EP3303590A4 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2019-01-02 | Miragen Therapeutics, Inc. | Mir-155 inhibitors for treating cutaneous t cell lymphoma (ctcl) |
CN108542848A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-18 | 广州銮滢化妆品有限公司 | A kind of crease-resistant topical composition and preparation method thereof containing nanometer retinene |
US20210186845A1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-24 | Barnet Products, LLC | Vitamin a and vitamin c combinations with enhanced stability |
KR102203420B1 (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-01-18 | 한국콜마주식회사 | Liposome complex and cosmetic composition for improving skin condition comprising the same |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2653015B1 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1993-10-29 | Oreal | COSMETIC OR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE RETINUID DERIVATIVE AND AT LEAST ONE PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE, ITS USE AS A MEDICINAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS FOR THEIR TREATMENT. |
-
1996
- 1996-04-03 AU AU55322/96A patent/AU5532296A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-03 BR BR9604954A patent/BR9604954A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-03 JP JP8530447A patent/JPH11503165A/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-04-03 PL PL96322624A patent/PL322624A1/en unknown
- 1996-04-03 CN CN96194264A patent/CN1185729A/en active Pending
- 1996-04-03 CZ CZ973119A patent/CZ311997A3/en unknown
- 1996-04-03 WO PCT/US1996/004557 patent/WO1996031194A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-03 EP EP96912539A patent/EP0818988A2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-04-03 EA EA199700289A patent/EA199700289A1/en unknown
- 1996-04-03 HU HU9801607A patent/HUP9801607A3/en unknown
- 1996-04-03 NZ NZ306694A patent/NZ306694A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-04-03 KR KR1019970707067A patent/KR19980703668A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-03 AP APAP/P/1997/001101A patent/AP789A/en active
- 1996-04-03 CA CA002217201A patent/CA2217201A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1997
- 1997-10-03 OA OA70096A patent/OA10520A/en unknown
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AP789A (en) | Skin care compositions containing retinoids and liposomes. | |
WO1996031194A9 (en) | Skin care compositions containing retinoids and liposomes | |
AU674324B2 (en) | Compositions containing imidazoles | |
US5559149A (en) | Skin care compositions containing retinoids | |
EP0549592B1 (en) | Stabilized retinoid-containing skin care compositions | |
US6068847A (en) | Cosmetic compositions | |
EP0440398B1 (en) | Skin care compositions | |
US5583136A (en) | Retinoid containing skin care compositions containing imidazoles | |
US6113928A (en) | Skin cosmetic composition containing retinal | |
Manasiya et al. | TOPICAL VITAMIN A DELIVERY: CHALLENGES, OVERVIEW OF NOVEL APPROACHES. | |
CZ115699A3 (en) | Cosmetic composition |