WO1996028393A1 - Stabilization of bio-organic sludges - Google Patents
Stabilization of bio-organic sludges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996028393A1 WO1996028393A1 PCT/GB1996/000594 GB9600594W WO9628393A1 WO 1996028393 A1 WO1996028393 A1 WO 1996028393A1 GB 9600594 W GB9600594 W GB 9600594W WO 9628393 A1 WO9628393 A1 WO 9628393A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bio
- organic sludge
- organic
- stabilized
- sludge
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1221—Particular type of activated sludge processes comprising treatment of the recirculated sludge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/16—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening using drying or composting beds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/007—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from derived products of animal origin or their wastes, e.g. leather, dairy products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F7/00—Fertilisers from waste water, sewage sludge, sea slime, ooze or similar masses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Definitions
- bio-organic sludge includes sludges from sewage works, slaughterhouses, farms, meat and dairy processors, and the like, but excludes sludges produced by oil spills or other chemical (non- biological) processes.
- bio-organic sludges are produced by aerobic or anaerobic treatment of the liquid and settled solid fraction of the effluent or as the result of flocculation and airflotation or settlement of the effluent, as discussed, for example, in EP-0048723 and O93/15026.
- Such sludge is conventionally applied to agricultural land or dumped at sea.
- Bio-organic sludges from effluent treatment often contain significant amounts of proteinaceous material with relatively high amounts of essential amino acids. Extended trials on such sludge has shown it to be of value as a fertilizer or an animal feed.
- the sludge in a wet state is unstable and rapidly putrefies unless dried or stored at a low temperature.
- the dry content of such sludges is 10-30wt.t so drying requires a large amount of energy and maybe prohibitively costly.
- Some bio-organic sludges also present health problems because they contain large numbers of pathogenic bacteria. These bacteria have to be destroyed by heat or other disinfection treatments before the sludge can be used as a fertilizer or a food product, however, such disinfected sludges, if left in a wet state, will still putrefy if exposed to atmospheric organisms.
- HU-209271 discloses the addition of organic material such as straw, flax, reed or hemp to pre- stabilized fermented and/or oxidized biogas-free sludge of 70-80% moisture content.
- the disclosed process relies on a composting process to achieve stabi ization via a lengthy microbial route involving bacterial and fungal processes. Such processes convert a substantial percentage of the nitrogen present in the feed material to ammonical nitrogen, a large proportion of which is lost to the atmosphere or leached out of the material by rain water.
- denitrification is cited as being beneficial and reduced pollution.
- bio-organic sludges against putrefication or microbial decomposition which advantageously maintains nitrogen levels in the material, thereby reducing nitrogen loss by leaching or degradation into, for example, ammonical nitrogen. Therefore, according to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a bio-organic sludge stabilized against putrefication or microbial decomposi ion by the addition of bio-organic material .
- a second aspect of the invention provides a method of stabilizing wet bio-organic sludge against putrefication or microbial decomposition comprising mixing with organic material.
- the organic material is derived from plants, animals, or fungi, and excludes synthetic chemical or organic compounds.
- the material may comprise at least one source of bio-organic material with a water content of less than about 5*v/v.
- the organic material may provide a source of carbohydrate.
- a bio-organic sludge stabilized against putrefication or microbial decomposition comprising an added source of carbohydrate.
- a further aspect of the invention provides a method of stabilizing bio- organic sludge against putrefication or microbial decomposition comprising mixing with a source of carbohydrate. This may be added in addition to other bio-organic material deficient in carbohydrate.
- the nitrogen contained in the bio-organic sludge is preferably bound within the bio-organic sludge so that it is only slowly released into the environment.
- the wet bio-organic sludge is a by ⁇ product of sewage, meat works, dairy works or other industrial effluent treatment.
- the water content of the final product is at least 15% by weight water with a preferred upper concentration of water of 70% by weight water, or more preferably 60% by weight water.
- An especially preferred concentration of water in the final product is 30-40% by weight water, and more preferably 36% by weight water.
- the bio-organic material or carbohydrate source may be a dry organic fibrous material and/or a dry vegetable matter of less than 5% moisture, and may be added in about an equal proportion to the sludge.
- One preferred bio-organic material is coir fibre complete with its pith, from coconut shells, others include straw, flax, feathers, hair, fungal material, and/or ground bark, all of which are relatively inexpensive.
- the stabilized bio-organic sludge of the invention may be used as an animal feedstock, or as a peat substitute, soil conditioner, or potting media in a growing medium. Unexpectedly, we have found that, by mixing wet organic sludge with bio-organic material, putrefaction is prevented.
- the stabilized product can then be stored indefinitely without the development of offensive odours or other signs of putrefaction.
- the stabilized product has the advantage that it is inexpensive to produce and may use dry bio-organic material which would otherwise not be used.
- the presence of the bio-organic material has the additional advantage that it acts as a soil conditioner.
- Coir fibre for example, improves soil structure, retains moisture, and provides humus, which are necessary for good plant growth.
- the protein in the organic sludge has the advantage over inorganic nitrogen fertilizers in that it allows nitrogen to be released slowly over a longer period of time. This is beneficial to seedlings and prevents polluting nitrogen run-off into rivers after heavy rain.
- the mode by which the bio-organic material stabilizes the wet organic sludge may, in part, be due to the absorption of moisture from the sludge by dry organic material.
- the water content of typically treated proteinace ⁇ us sludge is around 75%, and assuming that the fibre is dry, then mixing in equal proportions by weight would reduce the mean water content to 30-40%. This is much higher than the generally accepted level of 10% moisture required for protein stability. This implies that some mechanism apart from moisture reduction plays a part in increasing the stability of the product .
- the invention provides an acid treated bio-organic sludge neutralized by the addition of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or other suitable base.
- the base may be added before, during or after the addition of the other organic material .
- Neutralization returns any residual metals which have been solubilized to their solid phase, preventing leeching, and achieves a pH suitable for, for example, plant growth. Neutralization may additionally produce an exothermic reaction which heats the mixture, improving the MaiHard Reaction in the mixture.
- EXAMPLE 1 Surplus activated sludge from a municipal sewage treatment works was processed according to the method described in EP-0048723. The resulting material had a dry solids content at 26wt.%.
- the sludge was thoroughly mixed, at 60°C after discharge from the treatment works, with dry coir fibre, in a ratio at 1 part treated sludge to 0.8 part coir fibre using a mechanical blender.
- the resulting product appeared to be substantially dry and when stored under ambient temperature did not develop an offensive odour or show other signs of putrefaction after seven months of storage.
- the final water concentration of the product was 36%.
- the nitrogen levels in the starting sludge is typically 8-8.5% dry weight. In the final product, the level of nitrogen is typically 3.5-4.5% dry weight.
- the added bio- organic material i.e. having a moisture content of less than 5% for the best results, this is only important with respect to its influence on the final product moisture content, which ideally should be in the range 30-50% moisture.
- the organic sludge may be activated sludge treated by the acid/alkali process of EP-0048723 or WO93/15026, or may be digested sludge. The mixing of the sludge and the organic material may be carried out at ambient or an elevated temperature.
- Amino groups are provided by the activated sludge which contains approximately 50% of protein of which about 7% is lysine which has a free terminal amino group.
- Coir fibre was shown to contain carbohydrate with reducing groups by the following procedure.
- Coir fibre (5g) was extracted with 100ml of 0.5N hydrochloric acid at 100°C for one hour. The mixture was filtered and the clear filtrate analyzed for hexose sugars using the anthrone method (Trevelyan N.E. al Harrison, J.S. Biochem Journal Vol. 50, p.298, 1952) using a glucose standard. The mean of two determinations gave a value of 4.7% (as glucose) for the carbohydrate content. That the extracted carbohydrate contained reducing groups was demonstrated by reaction with Fehlings solution, which gave a red precipitate of cuprous oxide when boiled with the coir extract.
- coir fibre was shown to react directly with protein by the following experiment.
- Coir fibre was ground to a slurry with water and allowed to stand overnight to allow complete hydration.
- the mixture was then poured into a glass column to give a fibre bed 20 x 2 cm.
- a solution of ovalbumin (0.5mg/ml) was passed through the fibre bed at a flow rate of 1 bed volume per hour.
- the concentration of protein in the column effluent was determined turbidmetrical ly with phosphotungstic acid solution and compared with the initial value.
- approximately 66% of the protein was absorbed by the fibre. Recycling the effluent (2 bed volumes) through the bed or allowing the system to stand for several hours gave almost complete uptake.
- the fact that the uptake of protein was a slow process favours a covalent condensation reaction rather than an ion exchange mechanism.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19960906845 EP0815059A1 (en) | 1995-03-16 | 1996-03-14 | Stabilization of bio-organic sludges |
GB9719581A GB2313370A (en) | 1995-03-16 | 1996-03-14 | Stabilization of bio-organic sludges |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9505293.2 | 1995-03-16 | ||
GB9505293A GB9505293D0 (en) | 1995-03-16 | 1995-03-16 | Stabilization of organic sludges |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996028393A1 true WO1996028393A1 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
Family
ID=10771296
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1996/000594 WO1996028393A1 (en) | 1995-03-16 | 1996-03-14 | Stabilization of bio-organic sludges |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0815059A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2215667A1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB9505293D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996028393A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998008397A1 (en) * | 1996-08-28 | 1998-03-05 | Ucb, S.A. | Powdered form of choline chloride, its manufacturing process and its use in animal feeds |
EP1010366A3 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-10-18 | Antonello Santini | Animal husbandry and bedding used |
ES2154166A1 (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2001-03-16 | Fernandez Juan Antonio Nunez | Sludge dewatering method, by applying layer of lime, coal dust, sawdust or soil and leaving in sunlight |
CN102030418A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-04-27 | 福建师范大学 | Method for preparing carbon-based synthetic modified sewage purifier |
CN102126780A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2011-07-20 | 宜兴禾大水处理技术有限公司 | Application of efficient COD (chemical oxygen demand) remover to wastewater treatment |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2322623B (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 2001-09-05 | Highland Malt Distilling Ltd | Treatment of liquid |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2260550A1 (en) * | 1974-02-13 | 1975-09-05 | Nebiker Hans Ag | |
DE3727408A1 (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1989-04-20 | Sachtleben Tobias Dipl Agr Bio | Plant for sludge utilization |
-
1995
- 1995-03-16 GB GB9505293A patent/GB9505293D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-03-14 GB GB9719581A patent/GB2313370A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-03-14 CA CA 2215667 patent/CA2215667A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-14 WO PCT/GB1996/000594 patent/WO1996028393A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-14 EP EP19960906845 patent/EP0815059A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2260550A1 (en) * | 1974-02-13 | 1975-09-05 | Nebiker Hans Ag | |
DE3727408A1 (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1989-04-20 | Sachtleben Tobias Dipl Agr Bio | Plant for sludge utilization |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9425, Derwent World Patents Index; Class C04, AN 94-202743, XP002009239 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998008397A1 (en) * | 1996-08-28 | 1998-03-05 | Ucb, S.A. | Powdered form of choline chloride, its manufacturing process and its use in animal feeds |
ES2154166A1 (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2001-03-16 | Fernandez Juan Antonio Nunez | Sludge dewatering method, by applying layer of lime, coal dust, sawdust or soil and leaving in sunlight |
EP1010366A3 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-10-18 | Antonello Santini | Animal husbandry and bedding used |
CN102030418A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-04-27 | 福建师范大学 | Method for preparing carbon-based synthetic modified sewage purifier |
CN102126780A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2011-07-20 | 宜兴禾大水处理技术有限公司 | Application of efficient COD (chemical oxygen demand) remover to wastewater treatment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2215667A1 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
GB9719581D0 (en) | 1997-11-19 |
GB9505293D0 (en) | 1995-05-03 |
EP0815059A1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
GB2313370A (en) | 1997-11-26 |
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