WO1996024958A1 - Solid polymer fuel cell comprising humidity-exchanging areas - Google Patents
Solid polymer fuel cell comprising humidity-exchanging areas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996024958A1 WO1996024958A1 PCT/NL1996/000063 NL9600063W WO9624958A1 WO 1996024958 A1 WO1996024958 A1 WO 1996024958A1 NL 9600063 W NL9600063 W NL 9600063W WO 9624958 A1 WO9624958 A1 WO 9624958A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- areas
- anode
- cathode
- fuel cell
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- Solid polymer fuel cell comprising humidity-exchanging areas
- the present invention relates to a solid polymer fuel cell, comprising an anode, electrolyte/diaphragm and cathode, and a supply and exhaust of gases on both the anode and the cathode side, the anode comprising areas provided with catalyst for carrying out the electrochemical reaction and, adjacent thereto, areas not provided with catalyst for absorbing moisture via elec ⁇ trolyte/diaphragm.
- a solid polymer fuel cell comprising an anode, electrolyte/diaphragm and cathode, and a supply and exhaust of gases on both the anode and the cathode side, the anode comprising areas provided with catalyst for carrying out the electrochemical reaction and, adjacent thereto, areas not provided with catalyst for absorbing moisture via elec ⁇ trolyte/diaphragm.
- the abovementioned US Patent No. 4,973,530 proposes to cause the gases to cover a serpentine trajectory across the electrode in question.
- the electrode which is provided with catalyst is bordered by an area which is not provided with elec ⁇ trolyte material, but where a water-exchanging diaphragm is present. Since the serpentine always covers a portion of the area where the water-exchanging diaphragm is present, it is possible for water to be taken up at the anode side. The converse process takes place at the cathode side, water being given off via a water-exchanging membrane and a water-absorbing medium.
- the anode gas In the embodiment according to said US Patent, four different mass flows are present: the anode gas, the cathode gas, the medium (water) for humidifying the anode gas, and the medium for removing the water from the cathode gas.
- These mass flows need to be kept separate from one another in a reliable manner.
- the medium which has removed the water from the cathode gas stream should be stripped of water, before said water can be passed through the humidifying sections of the anode stream. This requires further expensive provisions.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell wherein such a serpentine supply or exhaust of gases is unnecessary and which can therefore be accomplished in a simple manner. Moreover, the depletion in terms of water vapour should be compensated for at each point of the electrode and not just at one point.
- the areas provided with catalyst comprise strips which are bounded, at least on their long sides, by areas not provided with catalyst, which areas without catalyst have a minimum width of 1 mm.
- portions provided with catalyst being designed as strips which are bordered by non-active or less active portions as a result of the absence of catalyst, provision is effectively made, at each point of the active portion of the electrode, for compensation of the depletion in moisture by water molecules being carried along together with H + .
- the Japanese Patent Abstract No. 58-126675 discloses the use of a platinum mesh disposed on the diaphragm. Such a mesh is used to increase vibration resistance.
- this publication does not give any dimensions, it can be assumed, presuming that the thickness of the membrane is between 100 and 200 ⁇ m, that the spacing of the platinum wires is in the order of 50 ⁇ m, in contrast to the present invention where the spacing between the areas provided with catalyst is at least 1 mm. If the spacing is as small as shown in the "Abstract" of the Japanese Application No. 56-126675, the effect of certain areas not being active is not produced, and that entire portion of the diaphragm which is covered with platinum gauze, should be regarded as one active area for the electrochemical reaction.
- the gas supply at the anode and the cathode, respectively is preferably positioned so as not to be parallel to the strips in question. More in particular, it is perpendicular to the strips.
- the strips may be straight but may likewise be of any shape known in the prior art, such as a zigzag shape.
- the invention also relates to a method for fabricating an above-described anode and/or cathode.
- a support not provided with catalyst and a slurry comprising carbon and catalyst the slurry being applied to the support or to the polymer/electrolyte, in the desired pattern, by printing.
- the advantage is achieved that the cathode gases and anode gases enter a direct humidity-exchanging relationship, without use being made of water- separating facilities which are customarily incorporated in the cathode exhaust gas stream, without means for transferring said water to chambers which enter into a humidity-exchanging relation ⁇ ship with the anode gases, and without the need for compartments incorporated in the cell or in the immediate vicinity thereof and intended to enable humidity exchange with cathode gas or anode gas.
- the catalyst slurry
- the support then being positioned against the polymer electrolyte provided with catalyst.
- FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically, in section, an SPFC cell, humidity exchange between cathode and anode gases taking place at the edge of the cell,
- Fig. 2 shows, on a reduced scale, the entire cell according to Fig. 1 in top view;
- Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention in section, exchange of humidity taking place in the cell;
- Fig. 4 shows a top view, on a reduced scale, of the cell according to Fig. 3;
- Fig. 5 shows a top view of a variation of the embodiment according to Figs. 3 and 4.
- Fig. 1 schematically depicts a detail of a solid polymer fuel cell. Only those parts are shown, which are important for understanding the present invention.
- This cell is composed of a cathode 1 and an anode 2 between which a polymer diaphragm/electrolyte 3 is inserted.
- the cathode and anode are provided with catalyst, respectively indicated by 4 and 5.
- Arrow 6 indicates the motion of the oxygen- containing gas stream
- arrow 7 shows the movement of the fuel gas.
- both gases are passed over the electrodes via some sort of duct system.
- the indicated direction of movement of anode gases and cathode gases should be seen as preferred directions for obtaining an optimum result, but that other directions likewise fall within the scope of the invention described herein.
- the cell may be a stacked cell.
- Fig. 1 shows that there is no catalyst near the edge of the fuel cell.
- the anode and cathode are non-active with respect to effecting proton transport and are particularly porous.
- the cathode gas whose oxygen has been consumed in its entirety or in part contains, near the edge, a very high proportion of water. Owing to the anode gas, represented by arrow 7, being relatively dry, diffusion of water through electrolyte 3 will take place.
- the embodiment according to Fig. 1 is shown in its entirety in a view reduced in size. This shows that the left-hand edge area is intended for the diffusion, whereas the right-hand portion comprises the fuel cell proper.
- Fig. 3 shows a further alternative of the invention. In this figure, the movement of water is likewise represented schematically.
- the cathode is indicated herein by 11 , the anode by 12, the electrolyte by 13, the catalysts by 14 and 15, whereas the arrow for oxygen-containing gas is indicated by 16 and the arrow for fuel gas by 17. It is clear that this cell contains areas (indicated by 18 and 19) where there is no catalyst, i.e. which are non-active or less active.
- the thickness of the diaphragm 3 and 13, respectively, is usually in the range between 25 and 200 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the electrodes is approximately 00 [sic]-400 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 4 shows a top view of the cathode on a reduced scale. This shows that a series of areas which are less active alternates with a series of areas or strips which are active.
- the width of an active strip can be between 6 and 10 mm, whereas the width of the portion not provided with catalyst is greater than 1 mm and is preferably 2 to 3 mm. Generally it can be assumed that the ratio not covered with catalyst/covered is 1/5 - 1/3. Thus the distance which the water has to cover can be made as short as possible.
- the design according to Fig. 5 can be applied, in which 20 indicates the active areas.
- Figs. 1-5 The design shown with reference to Figs. 1-5 can be applied to each cell or a series of cells.
- the above-described pattern of strips provided with catalyst and strips not provided with catalyst can be applied to the electrode in any manner known in the prior art.
- printing is employed, since the slurry used for the catalyst can be adapted in a simple manner so as to have rheological properties comparable with printing ink.
- printing can be effected in a simple, accurate manner.
- This printing can take place with any method known in the prior art, such as screen printing, rotary printing and jet printing.
- the non-active area having a surface area of 20% of the active area is used, sufficient recovery of water can be obtained to obviate additional installations. If required, separate means such as cavities may be present to collect the water and to redistribute it. Moreover, it is possible for the active and non- active areas to be completely separate from one another and to be situated at some distance from one another.
- the feature essential for the invention which is that the cathode gases serve as a humidity (water) carrier, is maintained in such an embodiment.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU48468/96A AU4846896A (en) | 1995-02-10 | 1996-02-09 | Solid polymer fuel cell comprising humidity-exchanging areas |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL9500253 | 1995-02-10 | ||
NL9500253A NL9500253A (en) | 1995-02-10 | 1995-02-10 | Method for wetting fuel gases as well as solid polymer fuel cell. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996024958A1 true WO1996024958A1 (en) | 1996-08-15 |
Family
ID=19865570
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL1996/000063 WO1996024958A1 (en) | 1995-02-10 | 1996-02-09 | Solid polymer fuel cell comprising humidity-exchanging areas |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU4846896A (en) |
NL (1) | NL9500253A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996024958A1 (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5773160A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1998-06-30 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack with concurrent flow of coolant and oxidant streams and countercurrent flow of fuel and oxidant streams |
WO1998039809A1 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-11 | Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft Für Magnetmotorische Technik Mbh | Gas diffusion electrode with reduced diffusing capacity for water and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells |
US5935726A (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-08-10 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for distributing water to an ion-exchange membrane in a fuel cell |
WO2000010215A1 (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2000-02-24 | Axiva Gmbh | Fuel cell with improved long-term performance, method for operating a pme fuel cell and pme fuel cell battery |
US6106964A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 2000-08-22 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Solid polymer fuel cell system and method for humidifying and adjusting the temperature of a reactant stream |
EP1030396A1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-08-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Solid polymer type fuel cell system |
WO2001011216A2 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-15 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | A humidifying gas induction or supply system |
US6416895B1 (en) | 2000-03-09 | 2002-07-09 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Solid polymer fuel cell system and method for humidifying and adjusting the temperature of a reactant stream |
EP1176654A3 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-08-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell |
WO2003100882A2 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Proton-conducting polymer membrane and method for the production thereof |
WO2004021494A2 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-11 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
US7141328B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2006-11-28 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell |
FR2941331A1 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-23 | St Microelectronics Tours Sas | FUEL CELL HUMIDITY CONTROL. |
US8623779B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2014-01-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Catalyst layer supported on substrate hairs of metal oxides |
US9570760B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2017-02-14 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuel cell electrode assembly and method of making the same |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1154282A (en) * | 1955-06-29 | 1958-04-04 | Gen Electric | Fuel gas cell |
DE1421612A1 (en) * | 1962-07-10 | 1969-02-20 | Siemens Ag | Process for applying mesh electrodes to ion exchange membranes for fuel elements |
JPS58176879A (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-10-17 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Three-electrode solid-state electrolytic fuel cell |
EP0275465A1 (en) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-07-27 | The Dow Chemical Company | A composite membrane/electrode structure having interconnected roadways of catalytically active particles |
AT389020B (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1989-10-10 | Peter Dipl Ing Dr Schuetz | Fuel cell |
US4973530A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1990-11-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Fuel cell water transport |
WO1992013365A1 (en) * | 1991-01-15 | 1992-08-06 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing water from electrochemical fuel cells |
JPH05190184A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-07-30 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Electrode-electrolyte joint body, manufacture thereof, and fuel cell using thereof |
JPH0668896A (en) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-03-11 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Cell structure of solid polymer electrolytic fuel cell |
EP0637851A1 (en) * | 1993-08-06 | 1995-02-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Solid polymer type fuel cell and method for manufacturing the same |
EP0654837A1 (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1995-05-24 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Manufacture of electrodes |
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FR1407750A (en) * | 1964-06-23 | 1965-08-06 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Fuel cell improvements |
JPS58126675A (en) * | 1982-01-22 | 1983-07-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | Ion exchange membrane fuel cell and its manufacture |
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US5064732A (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-11-12 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Solid polymer fuel cell system: high current density operation |
US5382478A (en) * | 1992-11-03 | 1995-01-17 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack with humidification section located upstream from the electrochemically active section |
GB2272430B (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 1995-12-20 | Vickers Shipbuilding & Eng | Processing of fuel gases,in particular for fuel cells and apparatus therefor |
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1995
- 1995-02-10 NL NL9500253A patent/NL9500253A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1996
- 1996-02-09 WO PCT/NL1996/000063 patent/WO1996024958A1/en active Application Filing
- 1996-02-09 AU AU48468/96A patent/AU4846896A/en not_active Abandoned
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FR1154282A (en) * | 1955-06-29 | 1958-04-04 | Gen Electric | Fuel gas cell |
DE1421612A1 (en) * | 1962-07-10 | 1969-02-20 | Siemens Ag | Process for applying mesh electrodes to ion exchange membranes for fuel elements |
JPS58176879A (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-10-17 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Three-electrode solid-state electrolytic fuel cell |
AT389020B (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1989-10-10 | Peter Dipl Ing Dr Schuetz | Fuel cell |
EP0275465A1 (en) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-07-27 | The Dow Chemical Company | A composite membrane/electrode structure having interconnected roadways of catalytically active particles |
US4973530A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1990-11-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Fuel cell water transport |
WO1992013365A1 (en) * | 1991-01-15 | 1992-08-06 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing water from electrochemical fuel cells |
JPH05190184A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-07-30 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Electrode-electrolyte joint body, manufacture thereof, and fuel cell using thereof |
JPH0668896A (en) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-03-11 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Cell structure of solid polymer electrolytic fuel cell |
EP0637851A1 (en) * | 1993-08-06 | 1995-02-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Solid polymer type fuel cell and method for manufacturing the same |
EP0654837A1 (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1995-05-24 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Manufacture of electrodes |
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Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 008, no. 013 (E - 222) 20 January 1984 (1984-01-20) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 608 (E - 1457) 9 November 1993 (1993-11-09) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 308 (E - 1560) 13 June 1994 (1994-06-13) * |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5773160A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1998-06-30 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell stack with concurrent flow of coolant and oxidant streams and countercurrent flow of fuel and oxidant streams |
US6451470B1 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 2002-09-17 | Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft Für Magnetmotorische Technik Mbh | Gas diffusion electrode with reduced diffusing capacity for water and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells |
WO1998039809A1 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-11 | Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft Für Magnetmotorische Technik Mbh | Gas diffusion electrode with reduced diffusing capacity for water and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells |
US6106964A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 2000-08-22 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Solid polymer fuel cell system and method for humidifying and adjusting the temperature of a reactant stream |
US6783878B2 (en) | 1997-06-30 | 2004-08-31 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Solid polymer fuel cell system and method for humidifying and adjusting the temperature of a reactant stream |
US5935726A (en) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-08-10 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for distributing water to an ion-exchange membrane in a fuel cell |
WO2000010215A1 (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2000-02-24 | Axiva Gmbh | Fuel cell with improved long-term performance, method for operating a pme fuel cell and pme fuel cell battery |
US6852440B1 (en) | 1998-08-10 | 2005-02-08 | Axiva Gmbh | Fuel cell with improved long term performance, method for operating a PME fuel cell and PME fuel cell battery |
EP1030396A1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2000-08-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Solid polymer type fuel cell system |
EP1030396A4 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2006-03-08 | Toshiba Kk | Solid polymer type fuel cell system |
US7611792B2 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2009-11-03 | Design Technology And Innovation Ltd. | Humidifying gas induction or supply system |
US6511052B1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2003-01-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Humidifying gas induction or supply system |
WO2001011216A3 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-08-23 | E U Du Pont Nemours And Compan | A humidifying gas induction or supply system |
WO2001011216A2 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-15 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | A humidifying gas induction or supply system |
US6416895B1 (en) | 2000-03-09 | 2002-07-09 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Solid polymer fuel cell system and method for humidifying and adjusting the temperature of a reactant stream |
US6933067B2 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2005-08-23 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell |
EP1176654A3 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-08-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell |
US7141328B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2006-11-28 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell |
WO2003100882A3 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2004-08-05 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Proton-conducting polymer membrane and method for the production thereof |
WO2003100882A2 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Proton-conducting polymer membrane and method for the production thereof |
US7655342B2 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2010-02-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Proton-conducting polymer membrane and method for the production thereof to simultaneously remove the catalyst layers |
WO2004021494A3 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2005-02-17 | Nissan Motor | Fuel cell system |
WO2004021494A2 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-11 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
US7553567B2 (en) | 2002-08-30 | 2009-06-30 | Nissan Moto Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system |
FR2941331A1 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-23 | St Microelectronics Tours Sas | FUEL CELL HUMIDITY CONTROL. |
EP2214246A1 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-08-04 | STMicroelectronics (Tours) SAS | Fuel cell with humidity control |
CN101872869A (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-10-27 | 意法半导体(图尔)公司 | Fuel cell with humidity control |
US8617758B2 (en) | 2009-01-19 | 2013-12-31 | Stmicroelectronics (Tours) Sas | Humidity regulation fuel cell |
US9570760B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2017-02-14 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuel cell electrode assembly and method of making the same |
US8623779B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2014-01-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Catalyst layer supported on substrate hairs of metal oxides |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL9500253A (en) | 1996-09-02 |
AU4846896A (en) | 1996-08-27 |
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