Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
  • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
  • C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
  • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
  • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
  • C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
  • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
  • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
  • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
  • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
  • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
  • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
  • F23G2205/18—Waste feed arrangements using airlock systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
  • F23G2900/50206—Pelletising waste before combustion

Definitions

• the present invention relates to equipment for utilizing biofuel as fuel. It is obvious that an ordinary boiler for a private home can be fired by oil, coke, wood or electricity. It is thus also fairly obvious to use biofuel instead of coke or wood, thereby obtaining energy for heating a boiler supplying water-borne heat and hot water in a property.
• the most convenient method of arranging heating of a property is to use oil, the oil being combusted intermittently which means that the heating costs can be kept to a minimum.
• the use of oil firing is extremely convenient. The same is true of heating by means of electricity. It would be extremely convenient also to be able to use biofuel in a manner enabling the same degree of convenience as with the use of oil.
• heating with biofuel requires more manual assistance and biofuel is therefore more laborious.
• the object of the present invention is to provide equipment for biofuel which functions in substantially the same way as equipment using oil. From a purely practical point of view this is achieved by shaping the biofuel into units of the same type. A suitable shape for such units is pellet-shape. Said units are supplied to a combustion unit where the units are gasified and the gas produced is supplied intermittently to a combustion chamber. The gas supplied is ignited, whereupon the energy produced at combustion of the gas can be used for other purposes, such as for heating the water in a boiler or other suitable purposes, e.g. generating electricity. The actual gasification occurs at an operating temperature in the order of magnitude of 1000°C and also under a certain positive pressure.
• a sluice may consist of a transversely movable gate and a rotatable body which can assume two different positions and which is provided with a passage to be brought into and out of alignment with the feed-down passage to t he gasification unit.
• the gasification unit is also provided with a feed-out unit which, taking into consideration operating temperature and positive pressure, is provided with one or more sluices of the same type as the fuel feed- in unit.
• a sluice connects the gasification unit to a combustion chamber, preferably closed, but suitably with valves for pressure equalization.
• a control unit is used for the gasification unit and for any sluices, so that combustion in the equipment is controlled in a predetermined manner, preferably intermittently.
• the gasification unit suitably runs on electricity.
• the gasification chamber may suitably be placed in the fuel space in a conventional boiler, thereby effecting intermittent heating of the boiler in the same way as if the fuel had been oil.
• Figures 1 and 2 together show a complete equipment for biofuel and where Figures 3-9 show the equipment at different stages of operation.
• Figure 1 shows a fuel container for spherical pellets of uniform size. These pellets have been designated 2.
• Such pellets are most suitably produced by baling together various types of organic substances. The substances may be residue from felling trees, straw, hay, waste from building sites, shavings from sawmills, etc.
• When said fuel is ground it can easily be formed into cylindrical pellets.
• organic matter is also added so that the spherical bodies formed are stable and relatively hard, thereby remaining in tact during transport.
• the intention is that such spherical pellets shall be transferred by tanker from their place of manufacture to where they are to be used, such as a fuel depot 1. Said tanker is imagined provided with a hose through which the pellets are supplied to the fuel depot.
• a fuel feed-in unit 3 is arranged connected to the fuel depot, this fuel unit containing means for transporting one pellet at a time to a gasification unit 4.
• the gasification unit 4 is designed to run on electricity and in such a manner that a pellet 2 supplied is gasified.
• the gas produced can be supplied to a combustion chamber 6 in a boiler filled with water. Said boiler may be considered as a heat-recovery unit and is designated 7. Cold water is supplied to the heat- recovery unit via a pipe 8. Said water leaves the heat-recovery unit via a pipe 9 in the form of hot water.
• the gasification unit 4 is connected to a feed-out unit 5, so designed that ash formed is supplied to a container 22 for collecting ash.
• the fuel feed-in unit 3 is provided with three gates 1, sliding transversely and intended to allow one pellet through at a time. Said pellet is then carried further by a sluice 12 having a movable part in the form of a cylinder or sphere with a passage which can be brought into alignment with the passage from the fuel container 10. Said passage can thus assume two different positions. Following said sluice is a second sluice 14, identical to the sluice 12. Finally, the fuel feed-in unit has a second gate 15 of the same type as the gate 11.
• the gasification unit 4 includes a gas-generating furnace 17, preferably of electric type and capable of emitting a temperature in the order of magnitude of 1000°C and thus also creating a certain positive pressure. The furnace 17 is in communication with a gas valve 16 communicating with the combustion chamber 6.
• the feed-out unit 5 includes means for transporting any ash produced in the gas-generating furnace 17 to a container 22 for collecting ash. Between the furnace and the ash container 22 is a transverse gate 18 and two sluices 19 and 21. All these three units are of the same type as the units in the fuel feed-in unit 3.
• the units 11, 12, 14, 18, 19 and 21 must be of a type that will withstand high temperatures and also prevent gas leakage from the furnace 17.
• the combustion chamber 6 which is closed, is provided at each end with two valves 13 and 20, respectively, for pressure equalization. These two valves may be of the same type as the sluices 12, 14, 19 and 21.
• control unit 3 All adjustable units in the equipment and the gas-generating furnace are controlled by a control unit 3 and this control may be chosen in a manner known per se depending on how the equipment is to function.
• the ash supplied to the ash container 22 shall be in powder form.
• Another pellet 2 is fed down into the equipment when more gas is needed in the gas-generating furnace 17.
• the pellets can be made smaller so that the gate 11 allows through a predetermined number of pellets. It is evident from the above that equipment has been created that utilizes pellets in such a way that the equipment functions intermittently with a boiler just as any other known oil-fired equipment. Equipment has thus been produced which is just as efficient as oil-fired equipment but which is extremely environment- friendly.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
• Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
• Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=20396929

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (1)

Citations (2)

• 1995
  • 1995-01-24 SE SE9500227A patent/SE503897C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1996
  • 1996-01-18 AU AU45925/96A patent/AU4592596A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-01-18 WO PCT/SE1996/000037 patent/WO1996023045A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (2)

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