WO1996021517A1 - Appareil pour atomiser et vaporiser des liquides - Google Patents

Appareil pour atomiser et vaporiser des liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996021517A1
WO1996021517A1 PCT/US1996/000478 US9600478W WO9621517A1 WO 1996021517 A1 WO1996021517 A1 WO 1996021517A1 US 9600478 W US9600478 W US 9600478W WO 9621517 A1 WO9621517 A1 WO 9621517A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
nozzle
passages
chamber
downstream
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/000478
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Haruch
Original Assignee
Spraying Systems Co.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/371,086 external-priority patent/US5553785A/en
Priority claimed from US08/371,087 external-priority patent/US5868321A/en
Application filed by Spraying Systems Co. filed Critical Spraying Systems Co.
Publication of WO1996021517A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996021517A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0466—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the central liquid flow towards the peripheral gas flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • B05B1/262—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
    • B05B1/265—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors the liquid or other fluent material being symmetrically deflected about the axis of the nozzle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spray nozzle and, more particularly, to a nozzle for directing a pressurized spray of atomized liquid into the atmosphere in the form of extremely small particles.
  • High efficiency in the context of the present invention refers to using as little air energy as possible to break liquid of a given volume into particles having a large total surface area. Larger surface areas are, of course, created by breaking the liquid into very fine particles.
  • a further goal is to provide nozzles having the capability of discharging the liquid in different spray patterns.
  • some applications require a narrow angle round spray, other applications may require a wide angle round spray (i.e., a full cone spray) and still other applications may require a flat spray.
  • the desired spray pattern is usually generated by forcing the atomized liquid through properly shaped discharge orifice means in the nozzle.
  • a narrow angle round spray for example, may be created by providing the nozzle with a single round orifice.
  • a wide angle round spray may be generated by a nozzle having a plurality of angularly spaced diverging orifices.
  • An elongated slot or an elliptically shaped orifice in the discharge nozzle produces a substantially flat spray pattern.
  • Nozzles having discharge orifices of the above type are essentially passive with respect to effecting further atomization of the liquid as the liquid is discharged from the nozzle. Certain nozzles do produce some further atomization during flow of the liquid through the nozzle but, for the most part, the atomization effected by the nozzle has limited impact on the overall efficiency of the atomizing and spraying apparatus.
  • the general aim of the present invention is to provide a new and improved nozzle which, when compared to prior nozzles, more actively participates in the atomization process so as to enable the atomizing and spraying apparatus to operate with higher efficiency.
  • a more detailed object of the invention is to achieve the foregoing by providing atomizing apparatus in which mechanical breakup of the liquid internally of the apparatus is substantially increased so as to reduce the air energy required to effect the final atomization.
  • Still another object of the invention is to apply the pressurized air to the mechanically atomized liquid in a location and manner tending to maximize final atomization of the liquid.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to achieve the foregoing by providing a nozzle which is uniquely equipped with an internal cap for breaking up the atomized liquid into still smaller particles as the liquid flows through the nozzle.
  • the invention resides in the provision of a cap which imparts significant turbulence to the liquid during flow of the liquid through the nozzle, the turbulence serving to further atomize the liquid.
  • a further object is to provide atomizing caps which may be used interchangeably with a common nozzle body to create various selected spray patterns.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view taken generally axially through one embodiment of atomizing and spraying apparatus having a new and improved nozzle incorporating the unique features of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged elevational view of one of the components of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the component illustrated in FIG. 2 as seen along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4A is a top plan view of the nozzle cap shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4B is a cross-section taken along the line 4B-4B Of FIG. 4A.
  • FIGS. 5A, 6A, 7A and 8A are views similar to FIG.
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-section taken along the line 5B-5B Of FIG. 5A.
  • FIG. 6B is a cross-section taken along the line 6B-6B Of FIG. 6A.
  • FIG. 7B is a cross-section taken along the line
  • FIG. 8B is a cross-section taken along the line 8B-8B Of FIG. 8A.
  • the invention is embodied in apparatus 10 for atomizing liquid and for discharging the liquid into atmosphere as a very fine spray.
  • the apparatus may, for example, be used to atomize and spray water in various environments.
  • the apparatus 10 includes a primary atomizer with a main body 11 having one end formed with threaded inlet ports 12 and 13. Lines 14 and 15 are connected to the ports 12 and 13, respectively, and supply the body with pressurized streams of liquid and gas.
  • the gas stream typically is pressurized air.
  • a chamber 17 Formed within and opening out of the opposite end of the body 11 is a chamber 17. Liquid and air are introduced into the chamber from the ports 14 and 15, the liquid is atomized and then is propelled out of the chamber in the form of a fine spray for discharge through a nozzle 20. The latter is located in abutting engagement with the end of the body 11 and is clamped thereto by a collar 21 which is threaded onto the body.
  • means are provided in the chamber 17 for mechanically disintegrating the liquid stream into extremely fine particles so that only relatively low air energy is required to effect final atomization of the liquid.
  • the efficiency of the apparatus is increased in that air at a comparatively low volumetric flow rate is effective to atomize a given volume of liquid into fine particles having high surface area.
  • the aforementioned means include a mounting insert 25 located in the chamber 17 and formed with an externally threaded neck 26 which is screwed into a tapped bore 27 in the body 11.
  • the insert is formed with an axially extending passage 28 which communicates with the liquid inlet port 12 via an angled passage 29 in the body. Downstream of the passage 28, the insert is formed with a generally frusto-conical expansion chamber 30 which flares outwardly upon progressing downstream.
  • the downstream end of the expansion chamber 30 is closed by a member 31 which divides the liquid stream flowing through the passage 28 into a plurality of angularly spaced jets.
  • the member 31 is in the form of an externally threaded plug which is screwed into a tapped bore 32 formed in the mounting insert 25 just downstream of the expansion chamber 30.
  • Four circumferentially spaced holes or orifices 33 are formed through the plug 31 and esta ⁇ blish communication between the expansion chamber 30 and the main chamber 17.
  • the orifices are equally spaced and, in lieu of four orifices, the plug could be formed with two or three orifices or with more than four orifices.
  • Each orifice includes a generally cylindrical downstream portion and further includes a generally frusto-conical upstream portion which tapers upon progressing downstream.
  • the plug 31 forms an integral part of a larger component 35 (FIG. 2) which includes a center post 36 extending downstream from the plug and located inwardly of the orifices 33. Also forming an integral part of the component 35 is a deflector 37 which is spaced downstream from the downstream end of the plug.
  • the deflector includes a concavely curved surface 38 which faces the plug and which progresses radially outwardly upon proceeding axially away from the plug.
  • an annular slot 39 is defined between the plug 31 and the deflector surface 38, the slot becoming progressively wider in the axial direction as the slot proceeds radially outwardly.
  • the extreme outer periphery of the curved deflecting surface 38 merges into a cylindrical portion 40 (FIG. 2) which defines the extreme downstream end of the component 35.
  • Axially extending and generally cylindrical holes 41 are formed through the deflector 37 and are aligned with the orifices 33 in the plug 31.
  • a plate 42 is secured to the downstream end of the component 35 and closes off the downstream ends of the holes 41.
  • the plate 42 is clamped to the component 35 by a screw 43 extending through a hole in the plate and threaded into a hole in the post 36.
  • the plate 42 includes a peri ⁇ pheral edge portion 44 which extends radially outwardly beyond the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 40 of the component 35.
  • the plate is circular in cross-section and its outer peripheral edge is spaced radially inwardly from the wall 18 of the chamber 17 so that an annular gap 45 is defined between the plate and the wall.
  • the downstream end of the plate is generally frusto-conical and tapers in a downstream direction.
  • a pressurized stream of liquid supplied through the line 14 flows into the expansion chamber 30 via the port 12, the passage 29 and the passage 28.
  • the single stream Upon encountering the upstream end of the plug 31, the single stream is broken into four angularly spaced streams or jets which are discharged through the orifices 33.
  • Most of the liquid in the jets shoots into the holes 41, strikes the plate 42 and bounces back toward the downstream end of the plug.
  • Such liquid is propelled outwardly along the deflector surface 38 by the jets being discharged through the orifices 33 and as an incident thereto, is spread into a thin and very turbulent sheet.
  • the thin sheet of liquid Upon leaving the deflector surface and emerging from the slot 39, the thin sheet of liquid impinges against the peripheral edge portion 44 of the plate 42 and is shattered into fine droplets which flow through the gap 45 between the plate and the chamber wall 18.
  • the pressurized stream of air from the supply line 15 is formed into an annular curtain which cross shears the droplets proceeding toward the gap 45 in order to further atomize the droplets.
  • the port 13 communicates with the chamber 17 by means of a passage 50 formed in the body 11 and opening into the chamber adjacent the wall 18 thereof.
  • the air flows downstream, it passes through a relatively narrow gap 51 between the wall 18 and the outer periphery of the mounting insert 25 and is formed into a high velocity annular curtain.
  • the curtain impacts against and shears through the liquid particles shattered by the peripheral edge portion 44 of the plate 42.
  • the apparatus 10 operates with comparatively high efficiency in that a given volume of liquid may be broken into fine particles having a large surface area with a relatively low volume of air.
  • the nozzle 20 is equipped with a unique cap 60 which effects substantial further atomization of the atomized liquid after the liquid flows past the plate 42.
  • the cap 60 is located internally of the nozzle 20.
  • the nozzle includes a main body 61 made of metal or plastic and having an annular side wall 62.
  • a radially outwardly projecting flange 63 on the lower or upstream end of the side wall is adapted to be clamped against the end of the body 11 by the collar 21.
  • An annular flange 65 is formed integrally with and projects radially inwardly from the downstream end of the side wall 62.
  • the inner edge of the flange 65 defines a circular discharge opening 66 in the nozzle.
  • the downstream side of the flange 65 includes a frusto-conical recess 67 located radially outwardly of the discharge opening and defining a diverging exit at the nozzle.
  • the atomizing cap 60 also is made of metal or plastic and includes a lower plug portion 68 which is threaded into the open upstream end portion of the nozzle body 61.
  • a centrally located bore 69 which tapers in a downstream direction is formed in the plug and defines an axially extending inlet which communicates with the chamber 17.
  • the upstream end portion of the inlet bore 69 encircles the downstream end portion of the plate 42.
  • the cap 60 further includes an annular side wall 70 formed integrally with the downstream end portion of the plug 68 and spaced radially inwardly from the side wall 62 of the nozzle body 61. As a result of such spacing, an annular chamber 71 is defined between the side walls 62 and 70.
  • an axially facing and radially extending intermediate wall 72 is formed integrally with and is disposed perpendicular to the side wall 70 between the ends thereof and is located in axially spaced opposing relation with the inlet 69.
  • Atomized liquid flowing through the inlet impinges against the wall 72 and then flows to the annular chamber 71.
  • angularly spaced passages 73 are formed through the side wall 70 upstream of the intermediate wall 72.
  • the passages have been shown as being four angularly spaced and radially extending circular holes. It should be appreciated, however, that two or more circumferentially elongated slots could be formed through the side wall 70 to serve as the passages 73.
  • angularly spaced passages 75 are formed in the side wall 70 of the cap 60 downstream of the intermediate wall 72.
  • the passages 75 could be in the form of circular ports or holes formed through the side wall 70, they preferably are in the form of axially opening slots which are created by milling the downstream end of the side wall with a slotting cutter or the like.
  • turbulence is created in the atomized liquid as the liquid flows through the inlet 69 and impinges against the intermediate wall 72 and as the liquid flows through the passages 73 and into the chamber 71. Additional turbulence is generated as the liquid flows out of the chamber 71 and toward the discharge opening 66 through the restricted passages 75. As the four jets of atomized liquid emerging from the passages 75 strike one another, the resulting turbulence effects further break up of the liquid into still smaller particles. Because of the equal spacing and radial orientation of the passages 75, the cap 60 of the nozzle of FIGS. 1, 2A and 2B causes the spray to be discharged from the opening 66 in a narrow angle round pattern.
  • a flat spray pattern can be created.
  • two equally spaced passages 75-3 are formed tangentially through the side wall 70-3 downstream of the intermediate wall 72-3. As the atomized jets flow through the passages, swirling occurs to produce turbulence and further atomization. The positioning of the passages 75-3 causes the spray to be discharged from the opening 66 in a substantially flat pattern.
  • each equally spaced passage 75-4 extend tangentially through the side wall 70-4 downstream of the intermediate wall 72- 4.
  • This arrangement creates a square spray pattern.
  • a rectangular pattern may be created with the cap 60-5 of FIGS. 7A and 7B in which four passages 75-5 extend tangentially through the side wall 70-5 downstream of the intermediate wall 72-5.
  • the passages are arranged in two equally spaced pairs and are located such that one passage of each pair is spaced nearer to the other passage of that pair than to the adjacent passage of the other pair.
  • six or more equally spaced passages 75-6 extend tangentially through the side wall 70-6 downstream of the intermediate wall 72-6.
  • This arrangement produces a wide angle round spray (i.e., a full cone spray).
  • a wide angle round spray i.e., a full cone spray
  • the liquid swirls and expands into a rotating full cone pattern which is relatively uniform in distribution when compared to a conventional wide angle round spray nozzle.
  • the cap 60-6 is capable of creating spray angles much greater than a conventional nozzle and ranging up to approximately 120 degrees.
  • the present invention brings to the art a new and improved nozzle 20 having an active internal cap 60 which not only contributes significantly to atomization of the liquid but which also can be designed to produce different spray patterns while using the same nozzle body.
  • the nozzle can be used with pre-atomizing apparatus other than the specific apparatus which has been shown. Indeed, in certain applications where extremely fine atomization is not required, the atomization may be effected by the nozzle alone and without need of providing pre-atomizing apparatus upstream of the nozzle.

Abstract

Dans cette invention, un courant pressurisé de liquide s'écoulant dans un corps est divisé en plusieurs jets espacés angulairement (33), lesquels sont amenés à rebondir dans une direction en amont, avant d'être guidés dans un sens dirigé en général radialement vers l'extérieur, à l'aide d'une surface déflectrice. Pendant son écoulement le long de cette surface déflectrice (38), le liquide est amené à former une feuille mince et très turbulente, laquelle vient heurter la partie de bord d'une plaque (42) et se brise pour former de petites gouttelettes. Un rideau annulaire d'air pressurisé cisaille transversalement les gouttelettes et les rompt, jusqu'à ce qu'elles forment des particules finement atomisées qui sont déchargées par une buse de vaporisation. Un bouchon (60) est disposé à l'intérieur de la buse de vaporisation et assure une atomisation active du liquide pressurisé s'écoulant à travers cette buse, en créant une turbulence dans le liquide pendant son écoulement. On peut utiliser différents bouchons pour créer divers modèles de vaporisation sélectionnés.
PCT/US1996/000478 1995-01-10 1996-01-11 Appareil pour atomiser et vaporiser des liquides WO1996021517A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/371,087 1995-01-10
US08/371,086 1995-01-10
US08/371,086 US5553785A (en) 1995-01-10 1995-01-10 Enhanced efficiency apparatus for atomizing and spraying liquid
US08/371,087 US5868321A (en) 1995-01-10 1995-01-10 Enhanced efficiency atomizing and spray nozzle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996021517A1 true WO1996021517A1 (fr) 1996-07-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/000478 WO1996021517A1 (fr) 1995-01-10 1996-01-11 Appareil pour atomiser et vaporiser des liquides

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1996021517A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007017319A1 (fr) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-15 Kraussmaffei Technologies Gmbh Buse pour tete de pulverisation
EP2772312A1 (fr) * 2013-02-28 2014-09-03 Lechler GmbH Buse à deux composants et procédé de pulvérisation d'un mélange liquide-gaz

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3441223A (en) * 1967-03-08 1969-04-29 Parker Hannifin Corp Nozzle
US3540658A (en) * 1968-03-01 1970-11-17 Parker Hannifin Corp Antierosion fuel injection nozzle
SU679248A1 (ru) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-15 Всесоюзное Научно-Производственное Объединение По Механизации Орошения "Радуга" Распылитель
SU742671A1 (ru) * 1978-11-21 1980-06-25 Таллинский Политехнический Институт Форсунка
US4706888A (en) * 1986-07-11 1987-11-17 Calmar, Inc. Multi-purpose nozzle assembly

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3441223A (en) * 1967-03-08 1969-04-29 Parker Hannifin Corp Nozzle
US3540658A (en) * 1968-03-01 1970-11-17 Parker Hannifin Corp Antierosion fuel injection nozzle
SU679248A1 (ru) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-15 Всесоюзное Научно-Производственное Объединение По Механизации Орошения "Радуга" Распылитель
SU742671A1 (ru) * 1978-11-21 1980-06-25 Таллинский Политехнический Институт Форсунка
US4706888A (en) * 1986-07-11 1987-11-17 Calmar, Inc. Multi-purpose nozzle assembly

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007017319A1 (fr) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-15 Kraussmaffei Technologies Gmbh Buse pour tete de pulverisation
EP2772312A1 (fr) * 2013-02-28 2014-09-03 Lechler GmbH Buse à deux composants et procédé de pulvérisation d'un mélange liquide-gaz
US9180471B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2015-11-10 Lechler Gmbh Two-substance nozzle and method for spraying a liquid-gas mixture
RU2629068C2 (ru) * 2013-02-28 2017-08-24 Лехлер ГмбХ Двухкомпонентное сопло и способ распыления жидкостно-газовой смеси

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