Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats

Definitions

• the present invention relates to design and production of an extruded feed pellet, preferably for aqua culture, with an increased content of fat.
• the percentage of the fat content is increased from 20-22%, which was the value of the fat content a few years ago, to a fat content of about 30-32% that is preferred today.
• this fat percentage is difficult to achieve with the technology described above and which represents the production method mainly used for fish feed pellet production today.
• the present pellet has a fat distribution where the surface is saturated on account of its production method (see supra), whereas the fat content at the centre or near the centre is far below the saturation point.
• the fat content therefore varies normally between 2.5% and 10% because of the raw material fat content, but can also vary between 0% and up to 30%.
• the present aqua culture feed pellet has a relatively high sinking velocity which is not optimal, and consequently it shows a tendency to sediment before the fish is able to eat it descending through the water mass in a breeding compound. This is due to the above- mentioned design and production methods of the feed pellets mentioned supra, resulting in a hard compressed pellet with a density well above the density of the sea water. Present pellets are normally compressed so hard that it increases its specific weight in an undesirable manner.
• Burning of the surface of the feed pellets with conventional technology is not very desirable either, since the fat thereby will penetrate more poorly into the pellet.
• the present invention aims at obtaining a pellet design that makes it possible to achieve a higher percentage of fat in the pellet and to have better retention of the fat than conventional pellets and which additionally may be produced without major investments and changes to the manufacturing equipment for conventional pellets.
• the pellet is produced with at least one penetrating hole in the pellet.
• a penetrating hole makes it possible to add fat to the pellet not only from the outer surface, but also from the surface being present in the hole(s) of the pellet.
• the pellet can be designed with different shapes such as elliptic shape, star shape, and others, and they may also according to the invention be designed with more than one hole. Certain embodiments of such pellets designs are shown in the enclosed figures.
• a pellet design such as this makes it possible to increase the percentage of fat considerably and it will be achieved a much higher fat saturation throughout the whole pellet.
• Such a design opens additionally for the possibility to fill fat directly (fat cylinder) into the pellet, and hence to obtain an increased fat content in the product. In this way it may be achieved a fat content of up to 60 - 80%, and the pellet will preferably be produced with a fat content between 30 - 45%, which satisfies the mentioned criteria set by the fish breeders for fat in the feed pellets.
• Such an increased fat content in the pellets will also reduce the specific weight of the pellet and hence reduce the sinking velocity of the pellet.
• the capillary effect existing in the hole when using liquid fat/oil will have as a consequence that the fat to a lesser extent or not at all leak out of the pellets during storage.
• the enclosed figures show an embodiment of the pellet according to the invention where the penetrating hole have a cross. This is added to make the pellet more stiff and prevent it from being crushed, and it will additionally create a larger fat coating surface which also will add to an increased retention of the fat.
• the outer surface of the pellet contrary to a conventional pellet, may be burned, and this may contribute to a lesser formation of dust during the last part of the extruding process of the pellets.
• the pellet By designing the pellet as described above, there may also be incorporated other carriers containing vitamins, medicines, growth promoters, e.g. glucanes, etc. , in the opening of the pellet.
• other carriers containing vitamins, medicines, growth promoters, e.g. glucanes, etc. , in the opening of the pellet.
• a feed pellet of a cylindrical shape wherein the outer diameter is approx. 9 mm, and the approx. hight is 10 mm and where there through the pellet runs a central cylindrical hole with a diameter of 2.0 mm.
• This pellet may harbour, if the central hole is filled with a fat plug, a fat content of about 50%.
• the second example there is produced a pellet of a cylindrical shape, where the outer diameter is approx. 9 mm, the height is approx. 10 mm, through the pellet runs a inner central cylindrical hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm and around this hole there are placed 4 small penetrating holes with a diameter of 1.0 mm.
• This pellet may, if the centre hole and the four surrounding holes are filled with fat plugs, have a fat content of 62%.
• the third example there is produced a pellet with a cylindrical design where the outer diameter is about 9 mm, the height is about 10 mm, through the pellet runs a central hole with a diameter of 1.5 mm.
• This pellet may contain, if the central hole is filled with a fat plug, a fat content of 45%.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
• Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19897833

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (2)

Citations (3)

• 1995
  • 1995-01-13 NO NO950139A patent/NO180703B/no unknown
• 1996
  • 1996-01-12 WO PCT/NO1996/000008 patent/WO1996021363A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1996-01-12 AU AU45310/96A patent/AU4531096A/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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