WO1996021336B1 - Polymeric resistance heating element - Google Patents
Polymeric resistance heating elementInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996021336B1 WO1996021336B1 PCT/US1995/016928 US9516928W WO9621336B1 WO 1996021336 B1 WO1996021336 B1 WO 1996021336B1 US 9516928 W US9516928 W US 9516928W WO 9621336 B1 WO9621336 B1 WO 9621336B1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- heating
- polymeric
- polymeric material
- fluid
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 41
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000069 poly(p-phenylene sulfide) Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 102100016444 CCDC50 Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 101710023985 CCDC50 Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002530 poly[4-(4-benzoylphenoxy)phenol] polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011528 polyamide (building material) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- -1 polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Abstract
Polymeric heating elements (10) and water heaters containing these elements utilize heating elements (10) which include an electrically conductive resistance material (14) capable of heating fluid when energized. The elements (14) are helically wound and insulated and protected by a polymer layer (30) integrally disposed over the resistance material (14). The elements (10) are lightweight, inexpensive, and minimize galvanic corrosion and lime deposition without sacrificing heating capacity.
Claims
1. A heating element for heating a fluid comprising: an electrically conductive resistance heating material [14] having a pair of free ends joined to a pair of terminal end portions [12, 16], characterized in that said resistance heating material is hermetically and electrically insulated within a self-supporting polymeric material [30] which is in contact with the fluid to be heated, said resistance heating material providing heating through said polymeric material sufficient to heat the fluid to a desired temperature without melting said polymeric material.
2. The heating element of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises a core.
3. The heating element of claim 1, wherein said resistance heating material comprises at least one helical coil.
4. The heating element of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises an injection-molded core.
5. The heating element of claim 2 , wherein said core contains at least one flow-through hole for receiving and passing the fluid therethrough.
6. The heating element of claim 1, wherein said heating element is attached to a wall of a tank for heating the fluid in said tank.
7. The heating element of claim 2, wherein said polymeric core is tubular in shape with alignment grooves disposed thereon.
8. The heating element of claim 7, wherein said resistance heating material comprises a helical coil disposed in said alignment grooves.
9. The heating element of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises at least a portion of a side wall of a fluid container.
10. The heating element of claim L, wherein said heating element produces from about 1,000 watts to about 6,000 watts to heat the fluid to a temperature of at least about 120°F [49°C].
11. The heating element of claim 10, wherein the fluid is water.
12. The heating element of claim 1, wherein said heating element produces heat from about 100 to about 1,200 watts to heat a gaseous fluid.
13. The heating element of claim 2 , wherein the heating element is capable of being disposed through a wall of a tank for use in connection with heating the fluid such as air or water and said polymeric core comprises an inner tubular first end portion having an end opening therein, a cavity disposed proximally from said end opening and a flanged second end portion; and said resistance heating material is a helical coil wound onto said polymeric core to extend into the fluid along said tubular first end portion and a polymeric coating is disposed over said helical coil.
14. The heating element of claim l, wherein the polymeric material has a thickness from about 0.04 inches [0.10 cm] to about 0.5 inches [1.27 cm].
15. The heating element of claim 1, wherein the polymeric material comprises a resin selected from polyaryl-sulphones, polyi ides, polyetheretherketones, polyphenylene sulphides, silicones, polyether sulphones, liquid-crystal polymers and mixtures and copolymers thereof.
16. The heating element of claim 1, wherein the polymeric material contains additives to improve the thermal conductivity of said polymeric material.
17. The heating element of claim 1, wherein the polymeric material contains additives from about 5% to
-15- about 40% by weight of said polymeric material to provide reinforcement therefor.
18. The heating element of claim 1, wherein said heating element comprises a tube having open and closed ends, said closed end having a threaded flange connector.
19. The heating element of claim 1, wherein said polymeric material comprises polyphenylene sulfide or a liquid crystal polymer.
20. A water heater containing the heating element of claim 1.
21. The heating element of claim 13, wherein said polymeric coating and said polymeric core comprise a common thermoplastic material having a melting point greater than 200° F [93.3°C].
22. The heating element of claim 14, wherein a portion of said polymeric coating is molded onto said helical coil in a thickness of no greater than about 0.5 inches [1.27 cm] .
23. The heating element of claim 16, wherein the polymeric coating portion comprises a thickness of less than about 0.1 inches [0.254 cm].
24. The heating element of claim 13, wherein said polymeric core includes glass, graphite or polyamide fiber.
25. A water heater comprising: a tank for containing water; and a heating element attached through a wall of said tank for providing electric resistance heating to a portion of the water in said tank, said heating element comprising an electrically conductive resistance heating material capable of heating said portion of water when energized, and a polymeric hermetic material in contact with said resistance heating material and in contact with said water and electrically insulating said resistance heating material from said water, said polymeric hermetic material comprising a self supporting structure with said resistance
-16- heating material and effectively transferring heat generated by said resistance heating material to said water to raise the temperature of said water to at least 120°F without melting.
26. The water heater of claim 25, wherein said tank comprises a polymer.
27. The water heater of claim 25, wherein said heating element comprises a tube having open and closed ends, said closed end comprising a threaded flange connector.
28. The water heater of claim 27, wherein said threaded flanged connector comprises a po ymer.
29. The water heater of claim 25, wherein said polymeric material comprises an injection molded thermoplastic polymer.
30. The water heater of claim 25, wherein said polymeric material comprises polyphenylene sulfide.
31. A method of resistance heating a fluid medium, comprising: (a) providing an electrical resistance heating element containing an electrically conductive resistance heating material capable of heating said fluid medium when energized, and a polymeric material integrally encapsulating and self-supporting said resistance heating material to enable said resistance heating material to extend into and be substantially surrounded by said fluid medium;
(b) immersing said heating element through a wall of a tank and into said fluid medium, whereby said fluid medium comes in direct contact with said polymeric material to maintain said polymeric material below its melting point while absorbing heat generated by said resistance heating material which has been transferred through said polymeric material.
-17-
32. The method of claim 31, wherein said polymeric material is injection molded.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein said element has an open end for receiving said fluid medium, said fluid medium absorbing heat from said polymeric material on both an inside and an outside portion of said element.
-18-
Priority Applications (14)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69534857T DE69534857T2 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | POLYMER RESISTANCE HEATING ELEMENT |
| MX9704892A MX9704892A (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Polymeric resistance heating element. |
| HU9801004A HU225442B1 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Heating element for heating fluid, water heater, as well as method for heating fluid medium |
| UA97074004A UA49113C2 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Polymeric heating elements and water heaters containing these elements |
| BR9510311-2A BR9510311A (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Resistant polymer heating element |
| CZ19972009A CZ292784B6 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Heating device for heating a fluid medium |
| EP95944248A EP0800752B1 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Polymeric resistance heating element |
| AU46094/96A AU691395B2 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Polymeric resistance heating element |
| SK857-97A SK284357B6 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Polymeric resistance heating element |
| JP52113996A JP3669635B2 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Polymer resistance heating element |
| PL95321070A PL178722B1 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Polymer-based resistance heating element |
| CA002208076A CA2208076C (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Polymeric resistance heating element |
| NZ300836A NZ300836A (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Immersion heater has resistive element embedded in moulded thermoplastic polymeric material |
| HK98103043A HK1003926A1 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1998-04-14 | Polymeric resistance heating element |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/365,920 US5586214A (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1994-12-29 | Immersion heating element with electric resistance heating material and polymeric layer disposed thereon |
| US08/365,920 | 1994-12-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996021336A1 WO1996021336A1 (en) | 1996-07-11 |
| WO1996021336B1 true WO1996021336B1 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
Family
ID=23440940
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1995/016928 WO1996021336A1 (en) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-28 | Polymeric resistance heating element |
Country Status (27)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5586214A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0800752B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3669635B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100391037B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1158904C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR000608A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU691395B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9510311A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2208076C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ292784B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69534857T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2259793T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1003926A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU225442B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL116482A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9704892A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY112610A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ300836A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL178722B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2171550C2 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK284357B6 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199501686A2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW452313U (en) |
| UA (1) | UA49113C2 (en) |
| UY (1) | UY24143A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996021336A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9510741B (en) |
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1994
- 1994-12-29 US US08/365,920 patent/US5586214A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-12-18 ZA ZA9510741A patent/ZA9510741B/en unknown
- 1995-12-21 IL IL116482A patent/IL116482A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-22 MY MYPI95004036A patent/MY112610A/en unknown
- 1995-12-27 TR TR95/01686A patent/TR199501686A2/en unknown
- 1995-12-28 UA UA97074004A patent/UA49113C2/en unknown
- 1995-12-28 DE DE69534857T patent/DE69534857T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-28 CA CA002208076A patent/CA2208076C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-28 KR KR1019970704514A patent/KR100391037B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-28 JP JP52113996A patent/JP3669635B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-28 ES ES95944248T patent/ES2259793T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-28 PL PL95321070A patent/PL178722B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-28 BR BR9510311-2A patent/BR9510311A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-28 AU AU46094/96A patent/AU691395B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-12-28 CZ CZ19972009A patent/CZ292784B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-28 EP EP95944248A patent/EP0800752B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-28 WO PCT/US1995/016928 patent/WO1996021336A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-12-28 SK SK857-97A patent/SK284357B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-28 HU HU9801004A patent/HU225442B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-28 CN CNB951971921A patent/CN1158904C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-28 MX MX9704892A patent/MX9704892A/en unknown
- 1995-12-28 NZ NZ300836A patent/NZ300836A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-28 RU RU97112877/09A patent/RU2171550C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-29 UY UY24143A patent/UY24143A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-01-02 AR AR33489696A patent/AR000608A1/en unknown
- 1996-01-17 TW TW088211588U patent/TW452313U/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-04-14 HK HK98103043A patent/HK1003926A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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