WO1996015077A1 - Procede de preparation d'une composition contenant des fibres cellulosiques - Google Patents

Procede de preparation d'une composition contenant des fibres cellulosiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996015077A1
WO1996015077A1 PCT/FI1995/000624 FI9500624W WO9615077A1 WO 1996015077 A1 WO1996015077 A1 WO 1996015077A1 FI 9500624 W FI9500624 W FI 9500624W WO 9615077 A1 WO9615077 A1 WO 9615077A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cellulose
process according
wood
fibres
based material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1995/000624
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pertti Viitaniemi
Saila JÄMSÄ
Pentti Ek
Kirsti Riipola
Original Assignee
Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus filed Critical Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus
Priority to AU38733/95A priority Critical patent/AU3873395A/en
Publication of WO1996015077A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996015077A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
    • C04B18/24—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a process in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 for preparing compositions containing cellulose-based fibres. According to the process, finely-divided cellulose-based material is mixed with an aggregate.
  • the present invention is based on the finding that when cellulose-based materials, such as wood or cellulose fibres, are heated to a temperature over 150 °C, the properties of the material change radically.
  • the fibres become less hydroscopic which makes it easie to mix them with other materials.
  • the mono- an polysaccharides and extractives present in wood are decomposed and partially removed from the wood fibre.
  • the wood or cellulose fibre obtained does not retard the hardening of, e.g., concrete mixes.
  • the swelling of wood fibres become smaller, the decay resistance is improved and thermal conductivity is decreased, which help to improve the compatibility of wood fibres with other substances, such as polymers.
  • a heat-treated cellulose-based material of the present kind can well be mixed with aggregates to form different kinds of compositions
  • the cellulose-based material used comprises, for instance, wood fibres, cellulose fibres, wood flour and/or wood chips.
  • the wood raw material is finely-divided, which means that the particle sizes of the wood flour is about 0.01 to 10 mm, preferably about 0.05 to 5 mm.
  • the cross sections and thick ⁇ nesses, respectively, of the wood fibres and wood chips are also about 0.01 to 10 mm, preferably about 0.05 to 5 mm.
  • suitable wood or cellulose fibres are prepared by grinding a lignocellulosic raw material.
  • the keader milling can be obtained for example with refiners provided with grooved blades, such as disc or core refiners.
  • the following examples can be mentioned as exemplifying embodiments of suitable materials: the wood material used for preparing fibre boards, such as wood fibres for MDF boards, cellulose fibres obtained from mechanical pulping, fibres of recycled pulps and saw dust. Wood and cellulose fibres are particularly preferred.
  • the cellulose-containing material can be derived from wood, such as spruce, pine, birch and aspen, or from one or annual or perennial plants. Therefore, straw is also useful as a raw material.
  • the cellulose-based material is heated to a temperature of at least 150 °C until the weight of the material has decreased by at least 3 % (calculated on basis of the dry matter).
  • the heating can be continued to a weight loss of about 22 to 25 % without undue weakening of the strength properties of the material.
  • EP Published Patent Application No. 0 373 726 describes plasticizing of a fibrous cellulose product by heating at a temperature of 150 to 220 °C in the presence of an aqueous plasticizing agent at increased pressure, which is followed by drying and hardening of the product at an increased temperature to provide a cross-linked structure.
  • FI Patent Application No. 920774 relates to a process for treatment of ground wood with steam to improve its paper technical properties.
  • Application No. 2 185 748 discloses a process for preparation of a fibre board, the process comprising the step of first heating the wood fibres or chips in an autoclave at a temperature of 100 to 200 °C for at least one hour before they are joined together with a binder in order to form a board. By means of the process it is possible to improve the moisture resistance of the board.
  • a similar method is presented also in EP Published Patent Application No. 0 186 503, wherein wood chips are first treated with water vapour at an increased pressure and then they are formed into a layer which is admixed with a phenol-formaldehyde resin powder, which works as a binder when the chips are pressed together to form a composite board.
  • the present invention differs from the above described prior art in the sense that, according to the invention, the cellulose-based material is used for forming compositions which do not contain the cellulose-based material as its main component.
  • the main components of the compositions are also called “the aggregate” or “the matrix of the compositions".
  • the cellulose- based material forms about 0.1 to 49 %, preferably about 1 to 40 % of the dry weight of the compositions. It is an object of the invention is to improve the properties of the cellulose-based material by heat treatment so that is more suitable for use in compositions in which it is mixed with the aggregate of the composition.
  • This aggregate can be mixed or dissolved in water or an aqueous solvent or some other liquid.
  • the heat treatment according to the invention affects the chemical properties of the wood; the wood sugars, i.e. the mono- and polysaccharides, and the extractives of wood are removed. At the same time the wood becomes less hygroscopic and its resistance to decay is improved. As a result of the wood being less hygroscopic, the cellulose-based material mixes well with liquids, in particular water and aqueous mixtures. This feature will also appear from Example 1 below.
  • the heat treatment of the cellulose-based material can be carried out for dry or wet fibres. If the wet fibres are processed, lump-forming has to be prevented during the drying step. Ignition of the material during heat processing can b prevented by carrying out the treatment at oxygen-free conditions.
  • the heat treatment according to the invention is therefore preferably carried out in a moist atmosphere which is saturated with, e.g., water vapour. In contrast to the prior art methods, the heat treatment according to the present invention is preferably carried out at pressure- less conditions.
  • cellulose-based material obtained fro unseasoned wood or vegetable material is subjected as such to heat treatment at a temperature of at least 150 °C.
  • the heat treatment of moist cellulose-based material is carried out in two stages by first drying the product to the desired moisture content usually less than 15 % . Then the temperature is rapidly increased to over 150 °C (typically to about 180 to 300 °C), and the treatment is continued at that temperature until the weight loss of the product which is being treated is at least 3 % .
  • a finely-divided substance can be used as a starting material 5 which is dried in any suitable conditions (even outdoors at ambient temperature) to the desired moisture content of less than 15 %.
  • the product is, however, dried at increased temperature, e.g. at a temperature of 90 to 120 °C. A darkening of the colour of the wood product will then take place.
  • the treatment is continued at a higher temperature.
  • the temperature is kept higher than in the first stage. It is preferred to operate the process at about 150 to 300 °C in an atmosphere saturated with steam. The temperature can also be increased in the middle of the second stage.
  • the duration and the temperature of the treatment will depend on each other; at a high temperature the duration of the treatment is shorter than at a lower temperature.
  • the heat treatment of the second stage will last for at least 1 minute, preferably for 0.05 to 20 hours and in particular for about 0.1 to 10 hours.
  • the resistance of the product against mould and decay is also improved already at a 3 % weight loss, but said resistance can further be improved by continuing the heating until a weight loss of at least about 5 %, preferably at least about 6 or even 8 %, has taken place.
  • the aggregates of the compositions according to the present invention the one already indicated above can be mentioned: cements with possible fillers, such as stone aggregate; polymers, in particular thermoplastics, preferably polyolefins, polyesters or polyethers, together with any fillers including pigments, and bitumen and asphalt mixes optionally containing stone aggregate or another fillers.
  • the compositions are hardened at, e.g., room temperature or by heat treatment which achieves crosslinking or crystallization of the aggregate or it stiffens or solidifies in some other way.
  • the proportion of the aggregate of the prepared composition is typically about 1 to 99.9 % , preferably about 10 to 99 % (of dry matter).
  • the heat-treated finely-divided wood material can be used for preparing wood-based form part, which contain a binder comprising at least partially cement or a similar calcium-containing binder.
  • the cements can be traditional Portland cements, but also rapid cements are suitable for use
  • the cements used can further comprise slag-based cements, in which case an alkali can be separately added to the mixture as an activator of the cement.
  • some suitable resin adhesive or a protein-based binder, such as gluten can be used as a binder in the preparation of the form parts.
  • composition or mixture used for preparing the form parts can be hardened either a room temperature or at increased temperature. In the latter alternative the temperature is kept at about 50 to 300 °C.
  • the hardening time at room temperature differs depending on the size of the part but it usually last for a couple of days. At increased temperature the mixture can be hardened within a few hours.
  • the use of the heat-treated wood raw material makes it possible to achieve a hardening of cement-containing mixes at room temperature.
  • the present form parts contain so much wood raw material that it can be used for making a wall without moisture barriers. Thus, in this way plastic-free building can be attained.
  • the thermal resistance of the products is rather good, usually of the order of 0.05 to 0.08 W/m°C, which is fully comparable with the corresponding values for mineral wool: 0.04 to 0.05 W/m°C.
  • the invention provides considerable advantages.
  • a cellulose-based material such as wood fibres
  • the fibres will form lumps and a deposition on the bottom of the mixing vessel.
  • Heat modification will reduce the thermal conductivity of wood fibres, which makes it possible to use it in combination with other products as, e.g., frost insulation.
  • the wood fibre will become lighter.
  • heat modification of the wood fibre improves the compatibility with, e.g., cement.
  • the mix will harden at room temperature. As the same time it becomes possible to increase the portion of the wood fibres among concrete. .
  • the applicability of cellulose-based fibres for admixing with asphalt can be checked with a quick-test, wherein 4 - 5 g of the fibres are added to 200 ml distilled water. The mixture is mixed with a pencil. If the pen remains standing in the mixture, the mixability can be considered good.
  • Example 2 The use of wood fibres for preparing concrete
  • the dry substances were first dry mixed in a mixer. Then, water was added under vigorous mixing to obtain foaming of the mix. The mix was shaped as desired into form piece, which was allowed to dry at room temperature for one week.
  • the end product obtained comprised a light, sheet-shaped insulation element, which can be u in a similar was as rigid board of mineral wool. It can be processed with ordinary t (knife and saw).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'une composition contenant des fibres cellulosiques, consistant à mélanger à un agrégat un matériau particulaire cellulosique. Selon l'invention, le matériau cellulosique, en l'occurrence du bois ou des fibres cellulosiques, est d'abord chauffé entre 150 °C et 300 °C avant d'être mélangé à l'agrégat. Le traitement thermique a pour effet de rendre le matériau moins hygroscopique, et donc plus miscible à d'autres substances. En outre, le traitement thermique permet partiellement la décomposition et l'élimination des monosaccharides, polysaccharides et solvants d'extraction contenus dans le bois. Le produit à base de bois ou de cellulose ainsi obtenu convient particulièrement comme matière inerte pour le béton, l'asphalte et les plastiques. Ainsi, par exemple, lorsqu'il est intégré au béton, il n'en compromet pas la prise.
PCT/FI1995/000624 1994-11-11 1995-11-13 Procede de preparation d'une composition contenant des fibres cellulosiques WO1996015077A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU38733/95A AU3873395A (en) 1994-11-11 1995-11-13 Process for preparing compositions containing cellulose-based fibres

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI945338 1994-11-11
FI945338A FI104569B (fi) 1994-11-11 1994-11-11 Menetelmä selluloosapohjaisia kuituja sisältävien koostumusten valmistamiseksi

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996015077A1 true WO1996015077A1 (fr) 1996-05-23

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1995/000624 WO1996015077A1 (fr) 1994-11-11 1995-11-13 Procede de preparation d'une composition contenant des fibres cellulosiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3873395A (fr)
FI (1) FI104569B (fr)
WO (1) WO1996015077A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH699098A1 (de) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-15 Kibag Beton Beton und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.
CN104446078A (zh) * 2014-12-18 2015-03-25 长安大学 一种沥青路面增强用秸秆纤维的制备方法
ES2539245A1 (es) * 2013-12-26 2015-06-29 Juan Carlos TORRES LOZADA Aditivo biodegradable para la obtención de materiales ligeros celulares para la industria de la construcción
WO2016181258A1 (fr) * 2015-05-08 2016-11-17 Stora Enso Oyj Produit composite et procédé de production de ce produit

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2185748A (en) * 1985-12-01 1987-07-29 Kitchen House Co Ltd Method of making particle boards
DE3734729C1 (en) * 1987-10-14 1988-11-03 Wolfgang Dipl-Chem Dr Ortlepp Fibre-reinforced inorganic shaped body

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2185748A (en) * 1985-12-01 1987-07-29 Kitchen House Co Ltd Method of making particle boards
DE3734729C1 (en) * 1987-10-14 1988-11-03 Wolfgang Dipl-Chem Dr Ortlepp Fibre-reinforced inorganic shaped body

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH699098A1 (de) * 2008-07-08 2010-01-15 Kibag Beton Beton und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.
ES2539245A1 (es) * 2013-12-26 2015-06-29 Juan Carlos TORRES LOZADA Aditivo biodegradable para la obtención de materiales ligeros celulares para la industria de la construcción
CN104446078A (zh) * 2014-12-18 2015-03-25 长安大学 一种沥青路面增强用秸秆纤维的制备方法
WO2016181258A1 (fr) * 2015-05-08 2016-11-17 Stora Enso Oyj Produit composite et procédé de production de ce produit
US10538065B2 (en) 2015-05-08 2020-01-21 Stora Enso Oyj Composite product and a process for producing said product

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI945338A0 (fi) 1994-11-11
FI104569B (fi) 2000-02-29
FI945338A (fi) 1996-05-12
AU3873395A (en) 1996-06-06

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