Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B10/00—Drill bits
  • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
  • E21B10/50—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type

Definitions

• the invention pertains to a cutter bit for use in conjunction with excavation equipment. More particularly, the invention pertains to a rotatable concave cutter bit for use in conjunction with excavation equipment such as, for example, a longwall shearer, a continuous mining machine, a trencher, a road milling machine, an auger and a saw.
• Some conventional cutter bits used for excavation equipment utilize a single cutting element at the forward end thereof. In this particular application, it is only this single cutting element that forms the effective cutting element of the cutter bit that impinges upon and cuts or fractures the substrate such as, for example, earth strata. The balance of the forward end of the cutter bit pushes fractured or cut material out of the path of the cutter bit.
• a concave cutter bit for use with excavation equipment is a concave cutter bit.
• the typical concave cutter bit has an enlarged diameter portion, which contains a concavity, at the forward end thereof.
• a cutter element of hard material such as, for example, cemented tungsten carbide, surrounds the outer periphery of the concavity so that the cutter element presents a generally circular or ring-like shape.
• a concave cutter bit is illustrated by United States Patent No. 5,078,219, to Morrell et al.
• Another example of such a cutter bit is shown by United States Patent No. 5,333,938, to Gale.
• the cutter element can take the form of a single piece ring such as is shown by the Morrell et al. patent.
• the cutter element is made out of cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide and the bit body is made from steel.
• the cutter element is secured to the steel bit body by brazing so that, at a minimum, there is a braze joint between the bottom surface of the carbide cutter element and the surface of the cutter bit body.
• Carbides such as cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide have coefficients of thermal expansion that are approximately one-half to one-third that of steel. Because of this difference in thermal expansion, the steel bit body and the cemented tungsten carbide cutter element contract at different rates upon cooling after the brazing operation. This difference in contraction creates cracks in the braze joint and/or brazing stresses at the braze joint.
• the cutter elements can also take the form of a plurality of segments positioned adjacent to one another in an end-to-end relationship so as to form a complete ring. It has been found, however, that the presence of cracks and braze stresses are not reduced by the use of a plurality of cutter insert segments in comparison to a cutter bit with a single piece ring- shaped cutter element. For those cutter bits where the cutter element comprises a plurality of segments, each segment is positioned so that its end surfaces are near, but slightly spaced apart from, the corresponding end surface of the adjacent cutter element. In the past, the distance of the spacing has been about .020 inches.
• braze alloy flows between the opposite ends of adjacent cutter element segments to form a continuous volume of braze alloy between the opposite end surfaces of the adjacent cutter element segments.
• a volume of braze alloy also exists between each one of the cemented tungsten carbide cutter element segments and the steel cutter bit body.
• the braze joint between the opposite end surfaces of adjacent cutter element segments solidifies as does the braze joint between the cutter element segments and the cutter bit body. At this point in time, however, the steel cutter bit body and the cutter element segments must still cool to room temperature.
• the invention is a rotatable cutter bit comprising a bit body which has opposite forward and rearward ends and an open-ended concavity in the forward end thereof.
• a plurality of cutter inserts are secured by brazing to the bit body at the periphery of the open end of the concavity. Adjacent cutter inserts are spaced-apart so that a gap therebetween is sufficient in size to prevent the formation of a continuous braze joint between the adjacent cutter inserts.
• the invention is a cutter bit-block assembly comprising a block which contains a bore therein and a cutter bit with a bit body.
• the bit body has opposite axially forward and rearward ends wherein the axially forward end of the bit body contains therein a concavity with an open end and a peripheral surface surrounds the open end.
• the bit body has a retainer that engages the bore of the block so as to retain the cutter bit to the block.
• a plurality of cutter inserts is secured to the peripheral surface in a spaced-apart fashion so that a gap exists between each adjacent one of the cutter inserts wherein each one of the gaps is sufficient in size to prevent the formation of a continuous braze joint between the adjacent cutter inserts.
• the invention is a cutter bit for impinging a substrate wherein the cutter bit comprises an elongate bit body having an impingement end.
• the impingement end has a peripheral region with a plurality of cutter inserts connected to the bit body at the peripheral region thereof.
• the cutter inserts are spaced-apart so as to define a spatial gap between any two adjacent cutter inserts.
• FIG. 1 is a side view of a specific embodiment of the concave cutter bit of the invention with the cutter bit attached to a block wherein the block is shown in partial cross-section so as to illustrate the connection between the cutter bit and the block;
• FIG. 2 is an end view of the cutter bit shown in FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a side view of the specific embodiment of FIG. 1 without the retainer clip, and with a portion of the bit body shown in cross-section so as to illustrate the connection between the cutter inserts and the bit body;
• FIG. 3A is an enlarged view of a portion of the cutter bit with a portion shown in cross-section so as to illustrate the braze joints between the cutter insert and the bit body;
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the cutter insert of FIG. 1; and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a modified cutter insert for use with a concave cutter bit body like that of FIG. 1.
• FIGS. 1 through 4 show one specific embodiment of the concave cutter bit of the invention which carries the general designation 10.
• Concave cutter bit 10 comprises three principal parts; namely, a cutter element, generally designated as 12, a bit body, generally designated as 14, and a retainer clip 16.
• the bit body 14 is generally symmetric about a central longitudinal axis A-A shown in FIG. 1.
• Bit body 14 has an axially forward end 18 and an axially rearward end 20.
• the forward end 18 of the cutter bit 10 impinges upon the substrate so as to cut and fracture the substrate.
• the forward end 18 could therefore be considered the impingement end of the cutter bit 10.
• a preferably cylindrical integral shank 22 is near the rearward end 20 of the bit body 14.
• a preferably frustoconically shaped integral head 24 is near the forward end 18 of the bit body 14.
• the cylindrical shank 22 preferably has a annular groove 26 therein which carries the retainer clip 16.
• the drawings illustrate the preferred retainer clip 16, which is a so-called dimple clip.
• U.S. Patent No. 3,519,309, to Engle et al., and U.S. Patent No. 3,752,515, to Oakes et al. each describes such a retainer clip.
• a so-called long retainer which comprises a compressible elongate cylindrical member that is carried in a channel near the rear of the bit body, may be used with the present invention.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,886,710 to Greenfield, for a MINING/CONSTRUCTION TOOL BIT HAVING BIT BODY FABRICATED FROM MN-B STEEL ALLOY COMPOSITION
• U.S. Patent No. 4,911,504 to Stiffler et al., for a CUTTER BIT AND TIP, each illustrates the long retainer as applied to a point attack style of tool.
• one drives the shank of the cutter bit into the bore of a holder, such as a block 28, so that the radially outwardly projecting bumps 30 of the preferred retainer clip 16 register with an annular interior groove 32 in the cylindrical bore 34 of the block 28.
• the concave cutter bit 10 is then free to rotate relative to the block 28.
• the present invention encompasses nonrotatable cutter bits, i.e., a cutter bit that does not rotate relative to its holder, as well as rotatable cutter bits.
• the cutter bit may be indexable in the sense that, when one cutter element wears out, one may index the cutter bit to another position relative to the holder so as to expose an unworn cutter element for cutting.
• the bit body 14 preferably contains a concavity 38 near the axially forward end 18 thereof.
• the surface of the concavity 38 preferably defines the volume of a right cone. Other geometric shapes besides a right cone are within the scope of the present invention.
• the opening of the concavity 38 is preferably generally circular in shape and begins at a position radially inwardly from the peripheral edge 40, and near the forward end 18, of the cutter bit body 14.
• the bit body 14 has a peripheral region at the periphery of the opening of the concavity 38, which preferably contains an annular channel 42.
• Channel 42 surrounds the periphery of the opening of the concave portion 38.
• the channel 42 has a transverse surface 44 and a longitudinal surface 46 which intersect to form an open face style of pocket.
• the transverse surface 44 is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A-A of the concave cutter bit 10.
• the longitudinal surface 46 is generally parallel to the longitudinal axis A-A of the concave cutter bit 10.
• the cutter element 12 i.e., the segments comprising the cutter element
• the segments of the cutter element 12 can be secured to a flat surface surrounding the periphery of the opening of the concavity by brazing or other means of connection.
• the segments of the cutter element 12 could also be received in a bore or hole contained in the peripheral region that surrounds the opening of the concavity.
• the frusto-conical head 24 preferably includes a cylindrical shoulder 47 which engages the forward face 48 of the block 28 so as to help keep the cutter bit 10 from moving too far into the bore of the block.
• the portion of the frusto-conical surface that is rearward of the shoulder corresponds to, and during operation engages, the mouth 49 of the bore of the block.
• the cutter bit body may take on other forms and geometries such as, for example, the shank of the cutter bit may be square or acylindrical in crosssection so as to be held in a non-rotatable fashion by a corresponding square or acylindrical bore.
• the shank of the cutter bit and the bore of the block may be cylindrical, but the cutter bit is still held in the block in an indexable, nonrotatable fashion.
• One example of this type of arrangement is to modify the rear of the shank of the cutter bit and the rear of the block to use the mechanism shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,007,685, to Beach et al. , for a TRENCHING TOOL ASSEMBLY WITH DUAL INDEXING CAPABILITY, i.e., a serrated indexing washer non-rotatably held on the shank and engaged in indentations in the rear of the block.
• the cutter element 12 preferably comprises seven separate cutter inserts, each of which carries the general designation 50.
• Cutter insert 50 is preferably arcuate in shape, and has a preferred included angle " ⁇ M of approximately 44° 30'.
• Cutter insert 50 preferably has a generally flat top surface 52, a generally flat bottom surface 54, a generally arcuate exterior side surface 56, a generally arcuate interior side surface 58 and generally flat opposite end surfaces 60, 62.
• the surfaces of the cutter insert 50 intersect with adjacent surfaces to form relatively sharp corners.
• the overall dimensions of the interior side surface 58 is smaller than that of the exterior side surface 56 so that the top surface 52, the bottom surface 54, and the end surfaces 60, 62 taper inwardly as they move toward the interior side surface 58.
• the cutter bit 10 carries the cutter inserts 50 in such a fashion so that the end surfaces 60, 62 of each cutter insert 50 do not contact the end surfaces of the adjacent cutter inserts.
• the spatial gap 64 is of such a distance that a continuous braze joint does not form between the opposing ends of the adjacent cutter inserts 50. In practice, applicant has found that a spatial gap of about 3/16 of an inch is satisfactory to prevent the formation of a braze joint between adjacent cutter elements 50.
• a braze joint 68 exists between the interior side surface 58 and the longitudinal surface 46 of the channel 42.
• a braze joint 70 exists between the bottom surface 54 of each cutter insert 50 and the transverse surface 44 of the channel.
• some braze material may exist between the adjacent end surfaces of adjacent cutter inserts, it is not the intention to form a continuous braze joint, and such a braze joint does not exist, between the opposing end surfaces of adjacent cutter inserts.
• the gap 64 between the cutter inserts 50 prevents the formation of a braze joint between adjacent cutter inserts 50.
• the formation of such a braze joint causes the separate cutter inserts 50 to join together thereby creating the same braze stresses and braze cracks as in a single ring-shaped cutter element.
• Cutter insert 80 is preferably generally arcuate in shape, and has a preferred included angle like that of cutter insert 50.
• Cutter insert 80 preferably has a generally flat top surface 82, a generally flat bottom surface 84, a generally arcuate exterior side surface 86, a generally arcuate interior side surface 88 and generally flat opposite end surfaces 90, 92.
• the intersection of the surfaces of the cutter insert 80 are preferably rounded off.
• Cutter insert 80 is positioned within the channel 42 of the cutter bit 10 in a fashion like that for cutter insert 50.
• the presence of the gaps and positioning of the cutter inserts 80 in a spaced-apart relationship is the same as that for cutter insert 50.
• the preferred grade of cemented tungsten carbide for the cutter inserts 50 and 80 is a composition comprising about 90.5 weight percent large grain tungsten carbide and about 9.5 weight percent cobalt. While other braze alloys may be acceptable, the preferred braze alloy for the cutter bit 10 is a silverbased braze alloy having the following composition: about 50 weight percent silver, about
• the preferred braze alloy has a solidus of about 1220"C and a liquidus of about 1305"C. This braze alloy is known by the American Welding Society (A5.8) specification
• BAg-4 A-50N This preferred braze alloy is sold by Handy & Harman as Braze 505.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
• Handling Of Sheets (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
• Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
• Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23259388

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (1)

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Citations (10)

• 1995
  • 1995-08-01 DE DE0784733T patent/DE784733T1/de active Pending
  • 1995-08-01 AU AU32069/95A patent/AU683404B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1995-08-01 CN CN95195657A patent/CN1160431A/zh active Pending
  • 1995-08-01 RU RU97108288A patent/RU2126483C1/ru active
  • 1995-08-01 ES ES95928225T patent/ES2104523T1/es active Pending
  • 1995-08-01 EP EP95928225A patent/EP0784733A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-08-01 JP JP8513202A patent/JPH10508666A/ja active Pending
  • 1995-08-01 WO PCT/US1995/009671 patent/WO1996012084A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-08-01 CA CA002198102A patent/CA2198102A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-08-29 ZA ZA957237A patent/ZA957237B/xx unknown

Patent Citations (10)

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