WO1996011993A1 - Heat accumulator - Google Patents

Heat accumulator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996011993A1
WO1996011993A1 PCT/SE1994/000961 SE9400961W WO9611993A1 WO 1996011993 A1 WO1996011993 A1 WO 1996011993A1 SE 9400961 W SE9400961 W SE 9400961W WO 9611993 A1 WO9611993 A1 WO 9611993A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
storing
aluminium
signified
fact
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1994/000961
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Kaj-Ragnar Loquist
Original Assignee
Wave Energy Development I Västmanland Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wave Energy Development I Västmanland Ab filed Critical Wave Energy Development I Västmanland Ab
Priority to PCT/SE1994/000961 priority Critical patent/WO1996011993A1/en
Publication of WO1996011993A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996011993A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/10—Liquid materials
    • C09K5/12—Molten materials, i.e. materials solid at room temperature, e.g. metals or salts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F24H7/0208—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid using electrical energy supply
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention is a heatmagazine which preferably is charged during the night when the electricity rate is low and which day-time produces heat without consuming any electricity.
  • Electrically heated and active heat magazines that are based on heat stored in ceramics (500°C - 800°C) have several disadvantages. Their weight is a problem and that makes them difficult to transport, furthermore the heatcontent is not very high.
  • the invention is meant to solve these and other related problems. It is distinguished by the fact that solidifying heat in a metal can be utilized, preferably aluminium, when it has been encased in an airtight capsule, so that the metal will not oxidate and the room air will give off its heat by letting a plate (heatchanger) lead the heat eithout overheating the room air.
  • a plate heatchanger
  • Blueprints The invention is more precisely exemplified in the attached blueprints.
  • Fig. 1 shows the charging and discharging sequences.
  • Fig. 2 shows a heat module in cross-section.
  • Fig.3a and b the heatmagazine in cross-section.
  • Fig. 4a and b show a heat module from the side and from above.
  • Fig. 5a and b show a heatstoring with a large capacity.
  • Fig.6 an indirect heating of the room air.
  • Fig.7 shows a cut from the side of a larger heat module that contains melted aluminium.
  • Fig. 8 shows an heating module of aluminium seen from above.
  • Fig. 9a and b show a cut through a heating element with a heatchanger between the magazine and the hot air that is going to the room.
  • Fig. 10 shows the heatmagazine attched to an existing electric boiler for heat conducted by water.
  • a heatstoring can be built up on the heat modules in fig 2 and 3 or consist of larger modules, here we call them troughs, inside which melting heat is stored fig. 5, 7, 8, and 10.
  • a heat module can consist of an outer casing ( 1 ), an electrical heat coil, capsuled into a stainless pipe (3), which casing consisting of steel forage (1) contains about 85 % aluminium (4), and the rest is inert gas or vacuum (2), to prevent that the metal is oxidated (4).
  • the electrical heatrod heats the metal 4 to about 658° C (melting heat is about 82 kcal / kilo).
  • Figure 3a to the left show that the heat storing is built up of the troughs described in fig. 4.
  • the air transport in the magazine fig. 3 is based on the thermal movement of the air. Cold air
  • Fig. 3 shows furthermore that the heat rods 13 in every trough do not go through the wall of the trough where the level of the charge is but above it. This is to make the various linear expansion differences between aluminium and steel smaller. For the same reason are the trough's sides diagonal so that the linear expansion in the aluminium not ests in with full force when it is heated from a cold condition since it expands considerably more than what the steel does.
  • the trough is heated and cooled once every twenty four hours as we have shown before,
  • the room air (15). is a bit cooler at floor level and is here called cold air (13), goes in and surrounds the capsule (21), is heated and rises (14), next it flows out of (6). if the flap (9), is open is open and the room air (15), is mixed at (6), and flows up at (7). and out in the room
  • Figure 4a shows a heat module in the shape of a trough, seen from the side and figure 4b from above.
  • the electric heater has the shape of a coil (25), which absorbs the differences in linear expansion between steel and aluminium. For every melting sequence there is a strong contraction the heat storing is then cooled, but because the electrical heatrod is not exposed to differences in linear expansion (springing anchored electric heater) the thermal stresses become small and the thermal exhaustion little.
  • Fi.g 5a och 5b show a heating magazine from the side and from the front without insulation (only the heating magazine), which is supposed to be the caetral source of heating in a house with a capacity of about 70 - 100 Kwh.
  • the magazine consists of a capsule (21), space for expansion (22), electric heating electrodes (23), aluminium (24), and a springing clamping (25), of the electrode.
  • Fig. 6 show a heat storing where the hot air is not circulating through the magazine with the room air (15), sweeps past the hot plate ( 18). in doing which it is heated and that way heats the surroundings when it flows out at ( 11).
  • the flap (10) regulates the amount of hot air that g oo"- es out into the room.
  • Fig. 7 and 8 show a larger heat magazine.
  • Fig. 7 shows a cross-section from the side and fig. 8 from above.
  • the magazine consists of an outer casing of steel plate and a corrugated upper and down side 77, 78, 79 to alleviate the thermal expansion that exists between steel and aluminium.
  • the area above the aluminium 72 is filled with a suitable gas that prevents oxidation, argon for instance.
  • Fig. 9a and 9b show a hot air producing heating element with a heat magazine (99) and a hot air heat changer (98').
  • the hot air in the element circulates according to the arrows (94), ie past the magazine up in in pipe (98), and then down to the magazine.
  • the second air stream consists of room air that goes into the channel (91 ), and is heated by the pipe (98), in doing which the hot air flows out at (93), thanks to the thermal in the hot air.
  • Fig. 9c shows an alternative to how the hot air can be driven out of the magazine.
  • Aluminium plates (96). which are bearing on against the heat storing (9 ) leads the heat to (97).
  • the fan (95) sucks in the room air (91) and blows it out past (97) in doing which it is heated by (97) and then goes out into the room (93).
  • the heat assimilating material (97) is contained inside a steel casing (96 x ) and consists of either, aluminium or one of its alloys, ceramic tile nd composite powder etc. The thought is to facilitate transprt as well as installation of the heat storing, because the heat assimilating material which is heavy and bulky can added after the heatstoring has been put in its place.
  • Fig. 10 shows a heat storing with a greater capacity, ie the electricity used each twenty four period can be stored up during the night (about 8 hours night electricity).
  • the storing has a outer dimension of 0,6 x 0,6 m and a heeight of about 1 ,6 m.
  • It is placed next to the existing heat source, for example an electric boiler (200), in doing which the heat storing is coupled to the electric boiler in such a way that the pump (205), which is controlled by a thermostat, moves the heat from (198) to the electric boiler (200), until the set temperature has been reached there.
  • the electric boiler (200) has an automatically lower temperature than the heat storing and that causes the heat storing to primarily heat the house. If the heat storing does not have the sufficient capacity for instance during very cold days the electric boiler sets in automatically and gives aditional heat.
  • the hot air in the element circulates in the same way as has been descrebed previously, ie from the magazine (194), to the pipe (198), by the fan (195), which is controlled by a thermostat.
  • Basic data are: Specific heat melting heat meltingpoint x)weight Sp. weight point kcal / kg kcal / kg kg/element kg/m3
  • Heat storing with different materials in the active storing has the following capacity: based on the volume 800 x 600 x 50 mm ceram ics x 8h.
  • the element can (according to the above 800 x 600 x 50 mm) produce heat during one day and one night without extra refill of as much as 675 w/h.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is a heat storing which is preferably charged during the night when the electricity rate is low and then produces heat during the day without electricity consumption. The ivention is signified by the fact that the solidification heat in a metal preferably aluminium is used by enclosing it in an airtight capsule (1), so that the metal does not oxidate and the room air either flows past (14), the element (3) out into the room or gives out its heat without the room air (15) being overheated.

Description

Heat accumulator
The present invention is a heatmagazine which preferably is charged during the night when the electricity rate is low and which day-time produces heat without consuming any electricity.
Electrically heated and active heat magazines that are based on heat stored in ceramics (500°C - 800°C) have several disadvantages. Their weight is a problem and that makes them difficult to transport, furthermore the heatcontent is not very high.
The invention is meant to solve these and other related problems. It is distinguished by the fact that solidifying heat in a metal can be utilized, preferably aluminium, when it has been encased in an airtight capsule, so that the metal will not oxidate and the room air will give off its heat by letting a plate (heatchanger) lead the heat eithout overheating the room air. By using the invention in the present case you can increase the heatstoring capacity and at the same time decrease the weight of the heatmagazine. Blueprints: The invention is more precisely exemplified in the attached blueprints.
Fig. 1 shows the charging and discharging sequences.
Fig. 2 shows a heat module in cross-section.
Fig.3a and b the heatmagazine in cross-section.
Fig. 4a and b show a heat module from the side and from above.
Fig. 5a and b show a heatstoring with a large capacity.
Fig.6 an indirect heating of the room air.
Fig.7 shows a cut from the side of a larger heat module that contains melted aluminium.
Fig. 8 shows an heating module of aluminium seen from above.
Fig. 9a and b show a cut through a heating element with a heatchanger between the magazine and the hot air that is going to the room.
Fig. 10 shows the heatmagazine attched to an existing electric boiler for heat conducted by water.
In fig. 1 we see how a heatstoringis charged during that part of the 24 hour period when the electricity rate is low and that is usually at night, preferably 8 hours per 24 hour period. In this figure a curve 1 shows how heat is stored during 8 hours from 20° to about 600°C and curve II shows how the heat is discharged to about 40°C, that is in a completely discharged magazine. Curve III shows that the discharge lias happened quickly and the heatstoring is thus empty after a short time. Curve IV shows that the storing has got a small heat addition, this has happened automatically. Curve V that the heatstoring only has been loaded to a small degree. I n the matter of curve III and IV it means that there either are too few heating elements for the room in question or that it has been extremely cold so that th reserve heat has taken effect. A heatstoring can be built up on the heat modules in fig 2 and 3 or consist of larger modules, here we call them troughs, inside which melting heat is stored fig. 5, 7, 8, and 10. In fig. 2 it is shown that a heat module can consist of an outer casing ( 1 ), an electrical heat coil, capsuled into a stainless pipe (3), which casing consisting of steel forage (1) contains about 85 % aluminium (4), and the rest is inert gas or vacuum (2), to prevent that the metal is oxidated (4). The electrical heatrod heats the metal 4 to about 658° C (melting heat is about 82 kcal / kilo).
For a heat storing consisting of for instance 80 kilos of aluminium is thus obtained about 5,510 kcal in melting heat which corresponds to about 6,4 Kwh, to this is added specific heat which is about 9,7 Kwh, that is the total contant comes to about 16 Kwh.
Fig.3a and 3b show a heating element for houses that can have the dimension LxHxTx = 900 x 600 x 130 mm and is placed below the window, which is a rule. Figure 3a to the left show that the heat storing is built up of the troughs described in fig. 4.
The air transport in the magazine fig. 3 is based on the thermal movement of the air. Cold air
(13) is flowing into and past heat storing (see arrow 14) in doing which the air is heated up and flows out at (6). if the flap (19) is in its upper position.The room air (15) is sucked in to the channel thanks to the thermal that is formed at (7). When the thermostat senses that it has reached the set temperature the flap (9) is closed until the thermostat again gives a signal that the flap must be opened.
Fig. 3 shows furthermore that the heat rods 13 in every trough do not go through the wall of the trough where the level of the charge is but above it. this is to make the various linear expansion differences between aluminium and steel smaller. For the same reason are the trough's sides diagonal so that the linear expansion in the aluminium not ests in with full force when it is heated from a cold condition since it expands considerably more than what the steel does. The trough is heated and cooled once every twenty four hours as we have shown before,
(fig 1), so the exhaustion on the ingoing parts must therefore be minimized.
The room air (15). is a bit cooler at floor level and is here called cold air (13), goes in and surrounds the capsule (21), is heated and rises (14), next it flows out of (6). if the flap (9), is open is open and the room air (15), is mixed at (6), and flows up at (7). and out in the room
(8).
Figure 4a shows a heat module in the shape of a trough, seen from the side and figure 4b from above. The electric heater has the shape of a coil (25), which absorbs the differences in linear expansion between steel and aluminium. For every melting sequence there is a strong contraction the heat storing is then cooled, but because the electrical heatrod is not exposed to differences in linear expansion (springing anchored electric heater) the thermal stresses become small and the thermal exhaustion little.
Fi.g 5a och 5b show a heating magazine from the side and from the front without insulation (only the heating magazine), which is supposed to be the caetral source of heating in a house with a capacity of about 70 - 100 Kwh. The magazine consists of a capsule (21), space for expansion (22), electric heating electrodes (23), aluminium (24), and a springing clamping (25), of the electrode. Fig. 6 show a heat storing where the hot air is not circulating through the magazine with the room air (15), sweeps past the hot plate ( 18). in doing which it is heated and that way heats the surroundings when it flows out at ( 11). The flap (10) regulates the amount of hot air that g oo"- es out into the room.
Fig. 7 and 8 show a larger heat magazine. Fig. 7 shows a cross-section from the side and fig. 8 from above. The magazine consists of an outer casing of steel plate and a corrugated upper and down side 77, 78, 79 to alleviate the thermal expansion that exists between steel and aluminium. The area above the aluminium 72 is filled with a suitable gas that prevents oxidation, argon for instance.
Fig. 9a and 9b show a hot air producing heating element with a heat magazine (99) and a hot air heat changer (98').
The hot air in the element circulates according to the arrows (94), ie past the magazine up in in pipe (98), and then down to the magazine.
The second air stream consists of room air that goes into the channel (91 ), and is heated by the pipe (98), in doing which the hot air flows out at (93), thanks to the thermal in the hot air. Fig. 9c shows an alternative to how the hot air can be driven out of the magazine. Aluminium plates (96). which are bearing on against the heat storing (9 ) leads the heat to (97). The fan (95) sucks in the room air (91) and blows it out past (97) in doing which it is heated by (97) and then goes out into the room (93). The heat assimilating material (97) is contained inside a steel casing (96x) and consists of either, aluminium or one of its alloys, ceramic tile nd composite powder etc. The thought is to facilitate transprt as well as installation of the heat storing, because the heat assimilating material which is heavy and bulky can added after the heatstoring has been put in its place.
Fig. 10 shows a heat storing with a greater capacity, ie the electricity used each twenty four period can be stored up during the night (about 8 hours night electricity). The storing has a outer dimension of 0,6 x 0,6 m and a heeight of about 1 ,6 m. It is placed next to the existing heat source, for example an electric boiler (200), in doing which the heat storing is coupled to the electric boiler in such a way that the pump (205), which is controlled by a thermostat, moves the heat from (198) to the electric boiler (200), until the set temperature has been reached there. The electric boiler (200), has an automatically lower temperature than the heat storing and that causes the heat storing to primarily heat the house. If the heat storing does not have the sufficient capacity for instance during very cold days the electric boiler sets in automatically and gives aditional heat.
The hot air in the element circulates in the same way as has been descrebed previously, ie from the magazine (194), to the pipe (198), by the fan (195), which is controlled by a thermostat. The water filled coil of piping (204), feeds hot water with the pump (205).
A room element for heating houses fig.3a and 3b with an aluminium core (800x600x50 mm) gets a dimension after it's been insulated of about (900x700x140 mm. Tests have shown that you reach about 14 Kwh stored heat after an 8 hour charging period. Basic data are: Specific heat melting heat meltingpoint x)weight Sp. weight point kcal / kg kcal / kg kg/element kg/m3
5 (7)
ALUMINIUM 0,214 82 658 64,8 2,7
Steel 0,1 14 49 about 1300 187,2 7,8
Granite 0,200 ~ about 1400 72,0 2,5 - 3,1
Zink 0,092 28 419 170,4 7,1
Water 1,0 24 0,998
Heat storing with different materials in the active storing has the following capacity: based on the volume 800 x 600 x 50 mm ceram ics x 8h.
For water is G x c x t = 1 , 080.
Specifikheat melting heat Total kcal/element kcal/element
Kwh/element
Steel 11220 unrealistically high about 13 temperature
Granite 8880 about 10
Aluminium 8400 + 5,510 = about 14
Water 1080 — 1 ,2
So the only material that has a suitable melting point and proportionately high melting heat value is aluminium.
With a heat content of in all 16 Kwh the element can (according to the above 800 x 600 x 50 mm) produce heat during one day and one night without extra refill of as much as 675 w/h.

Claims

1. Heat storing which is preferably charged during the night when the electricity rate is low, and during the day produces heat without any electricity consumption, SIGNIFIED BY the fact that the solidification heat in a metal , preferably aluminium, is usedby enclosing it in an airtight capsule (1), (21) so that the metal does not oxidate and the room air gives out its heat by a plate (18 "),(98), (198), (heatchanger) leads the heat without the room air (17) being over heated.
2. The heat storing according to demands 1 and 2 SIGNIFIED BY the fact that electrical heat rod
(3),(23), has a springy input voltage (5),(25), which prevents thermal exhaustion of the rod which is in one end welded to the upper lid, and whose lower end is fixed to aluminium and between these fixing points, springy input voltage (5) (melted at one timeor firm the other) because of different length expansion coeffcicents between Al /steel.
1. Heat storing according to demand 1 SIGNIFIED BY the fact that the hot air in the storing circulates in the storing (94), pasta channel that gives out heat for instance pipe (98), helped by a fan 95 which is controlled by a thermostat which senses how moch heat the room needs.
4. Heat storing according to demands 1,2,3, SIGNIFIED BY the fact that the heat is lead out of the storing alongside a metal bar (96) and a fan (95) drives the room air past the warm material, (the bar) (97) out into the room.
5. Heat storing according to demands 1 ,2,3,4, SIGNIFIED BY the fact that after it has been installed in a simple way the storing can be filled by heat assimilating powder, or grains of for example magnesite, aluminium, or aluminium alloy or whole blocks.
PCT/SE1994/000961 1994-10-12 1994-10-12 Heat accumulator WO1996011993A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE1994/000961 WO1996011993A1 (en) 1994-10-12 1994-10-12 Heat accumulator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE1994/000961 WO1996011993A1 (en) 1994-10-12 1994-10-12 Heat accumulator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996011993A1 true WO1996011993A1 (en) 1996-04-25

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ID=20393371

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1994/000961 WO1996011993A1 (en) 1994-10-12 1994-10-12 Heat accumulator

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO1996011993A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100408934C (en) * 2003-02-11 2008-08-06 张涛 Phase transformation heat storing electrothermal exchanger and intelligent controlling circulating running system

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1393513A (en) * 1972-04-06 1975-05-07 Wagner W Electrical storage heating apparatus
EP0129954A1 (en) * 1983-06-22 1985-01-02 Mobil Oil Corporation A passive temperature control system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1393513A (en) * 1972-04-06 1975-05-07 Wagner W Electrical storage heating apparatus
EP0129954A1 (en) * 1983-06-22 1985-01-02 Mobil Oil Corporation A passive temperature control system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 8, No. 232, C-248; & JP,A,59 115 380, (SHIYOUWA ARUMINIUMU K.K.), 3 July 1984. *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100408934C (en) * 2003-02-11 2008-08-06 张涛 Phase transformation heat storing electrothermal exchanger and intelligent controlling circulating running system

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