WO1996008097A1 - Process for data transmission between data processing stations or devices - Google Patents

Process for data transmission between data processing stations or devices Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996008097A1
WO1996008097A1 PCT/AT1995/000166 AT9500166W WO9608097A1 WO 1996008097 A1 WO1996008097 A1 WO 1996008097A1 AT 9500166 W AT9500166 W AT 9500166W WO 9608097 A1 WO9608097 A1 WO 9608097A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
station
transmission
data
telegram
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT1995/000166
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Norbert Goles
Original Assignee
Elin Energieanwendung Gmbh
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Application filed by Elin Energieanwendung Gmbh filed Critical Elin Energieanwendung Gmbh
Publication of WO1996008097A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996008097A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/407—Bus networks with decentralised control
    • H04L12/417—Bus networks with decentralised control with deterministic access, e.g. token passing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for data transmission between information processing stations or devices, e.g. Memory-programmable controllers, control computers or operating devices for automation technology which are connected to one another via a network with a serial or parallel bus and in which the data transmission takes place according to the token-passing method.
  • information processing stations or devices e.g. Memory-programmable controllers, control computers or operating devices for automation technology which are connected to one another via a network with a serial or parallel bus and in which the data transmission takes place according to the token-passing method.
  • Bus systems have the advantage that all stations are connected in parallel to the data carrier (bus line), which means that when individual stations are switched off, the network does not collapse. In the case of bus systems, the information is also transmitted faster than in the case of ring systems.
  • the "token” is a defined bit sequence that is passed on from one station, each of which has a unique identification number in the network, to the next. Each station forwards the “token” to the station with the next higher identification number in the network. Since the number of identification numbers to be assigned is limited, the station with the lowest number receives the "token” from the station with the highest number, as a result of which a logical ring is formed in the network. The “token” remains with the station during transmission. This ensures that there is no data collision on the bus.
  • a property of the token passing method is that stations can be switched on or off at any time. However, a reconfiguration is necessary to maintain the logical token ring. If a new station is switched on or connected to an existing network, it does not get a token because At the beginning, your identification number is not entered as a new number at any station. After the token timeout has expired, the new station sends out a continuous signal and thus interrupts the current communication. All stations now start to count down from the highest identification number until they have reached their own station number. When a station has reached its own number, it now tries to pass the token on to the station with the next higher one. If this station does not exist, an attempt is made to pass the token on to the station with the number increased by two. This is repeated until an existing station is reached.
  • the attempt is made to send the token to the station with the lowest possible number. If the token transfer to a second station was successful, their identification number is saved as a new number. The second station now tries to pass on the token to the station with the next higher number, this is increased by one until the next station is reached. When all stations have entered the number of their successor stations, the reconfiguration is complete.
  • the object of the invention is to create a new method for data communication between stations connected to one another via a bus, in particular programmable logic controllers, with which data telegrams are transmitted very quickly and, above all, securely between the stations.
  • This task is solved by the invention, which is characterized in that all stations work according to a constant synchronized time cycle, which is divided into three phases, which in the order of synchronization phase, Broadcast phase and message phase take place, the beginning and end of each phase being known to all stations in the network, and that the type of data telegram that is released for transmission by each individual station is determined by the phase that is active at the current time.
  • telegrams are released for transmission, and that one of these data telegrams is either sent when the respective station is in possession of the transmission authorization (token), or is withdrawn again on the basis of certain data telegrams received from other stations before the station transmits the transmission authorization received, or is withdrawn because the corresponding phase has ended before receipt of the transmission authorization and that exactly one synchronization telegram is released for transmission by each station in the synchronization phase, but only by the station that is the first in this period the transmission authorization actually gets is sent, and that in the broadcast phase exactly one data telegram is released for transmission from each station and is actually sent, which is directed to all stations in the network, and that in the message phase so long data telegrams are released for transmission from each station and sent with transmission authorization until the message phase has ended, each data telegram which is released for transmission in this phase and sent to a specific other station in the network.
  • transmission authorization token
  • the synchronization phase starts at a fixed point in time from the beginning of the previous broadcast phase, and that in the synchronization phase a data telegram is released from each station in which the time of the beginning of the next broadcast phase is defined, and that from the station that in this phase, the first person to receive the transmission authorization (token), this data telegram is sent, and that all other stations use this to Discard transmission of released data telegram and synchronize the start of the next broadcast phase in accordance with the content of the received data telegram.
  • a station becomes a synchronization master in every time cycle, without special rules being necessary when a station is switched on or off.
  • the synchronization master thus results from the random principle. There is no station that is designated from the outset as the synchronization master.
  • the design of a method step consists in the fact that in the synchronization phase only the first received data telegram from each station is used for synchronization and all subsequent ones are ignored. Since the "token" forwarding is normally faster than the reception handling and the deletion of the own send order, this measure is necessary.
  • each station releases an already prepared data telegram for transmission, the station that is the first to transmit the data
  • Releases transmission which marks the end of the broadcast phase, and which is sent after exactly one round of transmission authorization in the network, and informs all stations that the broadcast phase has ended and the next phase begins.
  • the data telegram in the broadcast phase contains an image of user data, the meaning of the data being linked to the position in the telegram and being defined and changed exclusively by configuration, and that each station selects only those positions from the data telegrams received in the broadcast phase. which are required for internal processing.
  • So-called virtual input and output cards with a certain number of virtual inputs and outputs are configured for each station.
  • Each broadcast telegram from the individual stations contains the current state of the individual virtual outputs.
  • Each station selects the data from the virtual outputs from the broadcast telegrams that is intended for its virtual inputs by the configuration.
  • Another advantage is that those stations where no user data are configured send an empty data telegram in the broadcast phase. This results in the possibility that all stations on the network can recognize the failure of stations in the broadcast phase. If a broadcast telegram failure is detected, the inputs concerned are provided with virtual input cards in the receiving stations with the identifier “not plausible”.
  • One embodiment consists in the fact that the message phase begins at the end of the broadcast phase and ends at a fixed point in time from the beginning of the last broadcast phase, and that at the beginning of the message phase in each station that data telegram that is directed to a specific station, and that in the Broadcast phase has already been prepared, is released for transmission and is sent after receipt of the transmission authorization.
  • a further advantage is that a follow-up time is taken into account for the message phase, during which a data telegram which is just being sent at the time of the end of the message phase is still being sent. For all other stations that have released a data telegram for transmission in this phase, this is withdrawn and ordered for the next message phase.
  • each station is given the opportunity to send at least one data telegram, and that the transmission release of data telegrams for which there is no authorization before the message phase expires more will be issued, withdrawn again, and thus will be released for sending again in the next message phase.
  • each valid data telegram received by the receiving station is confirmed by an acknowledgment telegram sent to the sending station, and that if the data telegram is accepted by the receiving station but not confirmed, it is sent after a definable time interval in the current or subsequent message phase is released again for transmission as a data telegram repetition, and is finally discarded after a definable number of transmission repetitions has been carried out.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the known interconnection of individual stations via a bus
  • FIG. 2 shows the time cycle with the individual phases as a circle
  • the diagram in FIG. 3 shows the course of the time cycle with five stations connected to the bus.
  • Fig. 1 five stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are connected to the bus 6, which can be a serial or parallel one.
  • Each station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 has a network controller 7, via which the data communication between the individual stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 takes place.
  • the network controller 7 can be implemented in hardware or software.
  • each station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sends a data telegram to all stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. With 10 such a data telegram is schematized.
  • all stations connected to the bus 6 receive the send authorization (token) and send an approved data telegram 10.
  • the duration of the broadcast phase depends on the number of stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 connected to bus 6.
  • the broadcast phase is followed by message phase 9, in which each station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 receives a data telegram a certain other station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, as long as it receives the send authorization, can transmit.
  • message phase 9 After the end of the message phase 9, a follow-up time 12 is also provided, in which a data telegram which is just being sent at the time of the end of the message phase 9 is still being sent.
  • the run-on time 12 is followed by the synchronization phase 13, 14 with the first 13 and the second synchronization telegram 14.
  • the direction of the time cycle is indicated by an arrow in this figure.
  • the duration of a time cycle is in the range of a few 100 ms.
  • the vertical lines in FIG. 3 represent five stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 connected to a bus 6.
  • the “token” 15 which is passed on from one station to the next, is symbolized by a triangle.
  • Data telegrams 10 which are received by all stations are shown in dashed lines in this figure.
  • the first synchronization telegram 13, which is currently being sent by station 1, is shown at the top of this diagram.
  • the first data telegram 10 is sent by the station 2, which at the end of this phase 8 also sends the broadcast end telegram 11 with which all stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are informed that broadcast phase 8 has ended.
  • station 3 sends a data telegram to station 1, then station 4 to station 3 and then station 5 to station 2. Since the "token" 15 is then at station 1 and the time for the message phase 9 has almost expired, this station 1 sends its acknowledgment telegram 16 for the data telegram received from station 1 already in the follow-up time 12 of message phase 9. The "token" 15 is passed on to station 2, which sends the first synchronization telegram 13 to everyone Sends stations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for data transmission by the token passing method between data processing stations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) for automation technology connected to a bus (6), all the stations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) operate on a constant synchronised time cycle which is divided into three phases running in the order synchronisation phase (13, 14), broadcast phase (8) and message phase (9). In the synchronisation phase (13, 14) a synchronisation telegram (13) is released by each station (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) but actually transmitted only by the station (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) which is first given transmission authorisation (15) in this period. In the broadcast phase (8) a data telegram (10) directed to all the stations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) in the network is released for transmission by each station (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and actually transmitted. In the message phase (9), each station (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) releases data telegrams for transmission and transmits them on receiving transmission authorisation (15) until the end of this phase (9), whereby each data telegram in this phase (9) is directed to a given other station (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) in the network. The data transmission of the two types of information, statuses in a constant time cycle with real-time operation and events (changes in status) are thus surely and reliably supported.

Description

VERFAHRENZURDATENÜBERTRAGUNGZWISCHEN METHOD FOR DATA TRANSFER BETWEEN
INFORMATIONSVERARBEΠΈNDEN STATIONEN BZW. GERATENINFORMATION PROCESSING STATIONS OR DEVICES
BESCHREIBUNGDESCRIPTION
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Datenübertragung zwischen informationsver- arbeitenden Stationen bzw. Geräten, z.B. speicheiprograirunierbaren Steuerungen, Leitrechnern oder Bediengeräten für die Automatisierungstechnik, die über ein Netz¬ werk mit seriellem oder parallelem Bus miteinander verbunden sind und wobei die Datenübertragung nach dem Token-passing- Verfahren erfolgt.The invention relates to a method for data transmission between information processing stations or devices, e.g. Memory-programmable controllers, control computers or operating devices for automation technology which are connected to one another via a network with a serial or parallel bus and in which the data transmission takes place according to the token-passing method.
Netzwerke die zur digitalen Datenkom unikation zwischen einzelnen Stationen ver¬ wendet werden, sind entweder als Bus- oder Ringsysteme aufgebaut. Bussysteme haben den Vorteil, daß alle Stationen parallel am Datenträger (Busleitung) ange- schlössen sind, wodurch bei einer Abschaltung von einzelnen Stationen kein Zusam¬ menbruch des Netzwerkes erfolgt. Bei Bussystemen erfolgt außerdem die Informa¬ tionsübertragung auch schneller als bei Ringsystemen.Networks that are used for digital data communication between individual stations are constructed either as bus or ring systems. Bus systems have the advantage that all stations are connected in parallel to the data carrier (bus line), which means that when individual stations are switched off, the network does not collapse. In the case of bus systems, the information is also transmitted faster than in the case of ring systems.
Der "Token" ist eine definierte Bitfolge, die von einer Station, von denen jede eine im Netzwerk eindeutige Identifikationsnummer besitzt, zur nächsten weitergegeben wird. Jede Station gibt den "Token" an die Station mit der nächsthöheren Identifikations¬ nummer im Netzwerk weiter. Da die Anzahl der zu vergebenden Identifikations¬ nummern begrenzt ist, erhält die Station mit der niederigsten Nummer den "Token" von der Station mit der höchsten Nummer, wodurch im Netzwerk ein logischer Ring gebildet wird. Der "Token" bleibt während des Sendens bei der Station. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß es zu keiner Datenkollision am Bus kommt.The "token" is a defined bit sequence that is passed on from one station, each of which has a unique identification number in the network, to the next. Each station forwards the "token" to the station with the next higher identification number in the network. Since the number of identification numbers to be assigned is limited, the station with the lowest number receives the "token" from the station with the highest number, as a result of which a logical ring is formed in the network. The "token" remains with the station during transmission. This ensures that there is no data collision on the bus.
Eine Eigenschaft des Token-passing- Verfahrens ist, daß man jederzeit Stationen weg- oder zuschalten kann. Damit jedoch der logische Tokenring aufrecht erhalten bleibt, ist eine Rekonfiguration notwendig. Wenn eine neue Station eingeschaltet, bzw. zu einem bestehenden Netzwerk zugeschaltet wird, bekommt diese keinen Token, weil zu Beginn bei keiner Station ihre Identifikationsnummer als neue Nummer eingetragen ist. Nach Ablauf des Token-Timeouts sendet die neue Station ein Dauersignal aus und unterbricht somit die momentane Kommunikation. Alle Stationen beginnen nun von der höchsten Identifikationsnummer abwärts zu zählen, bis sie ihre eigene Stations- nurnmer erreicht haben. Wenn eine Station ihre eigene Nummer erreicht hat, so ver¬ sucht sie nun den Token an die Station mit der nächsthöheren weiterzugeben. Gibt es diese Station nicht, so wird versucht den Token an die Station mit der um zwei erhöhten Nummer weiterzugeben. Dies wird solange wiederholt, bis eine vorhandene Station erreicht ist. Dabei wird nach dem Versuch den Token an die Station mit der höchstmöglichen Nummer zu übergeben, versucht den Token an jene mit der niederigstmöglichen Nummer zu senden. Wenn die Tokenweitergabe an eine zweite Station erfolgreich war, wird deren Identifikationsnummer als neue Nummer gespeichert. Die zweite Station versucht nun ihrerseits den Token an die Station mit der nächsthöheren Nummer weiterzugeben, dies wird jeweils um eins erhöht, solange wiederholt, bis die Nachfolgestation erreicht ist. Wenn alle Stationen die Nummer ihrer Nachfolgestationen eingetragen haben, ist die Rekonfiguration abgeschlossen.A property of the token passing method is that stations can be switched on or off at any time. However, a reconfiguration is necessary to maintain the logical token ring. If a new station is switched on or connected to an existing network, it does not get a token because At the beginning, your identification number is not entered as a new number at any station. After the token timeout has expired, the new station sends out a continuous signal and thus interrupts the current communication. All stations now start to count down from the highest identification number until they have reached their own station number. When a station has reached its own number, it now tries to pass the token on to the station with the next higher one. If this station does not exist, an attempt is made to pass the token on to the station with the number increased by two. This is repeated until an existing station is reached. After the attempt to transfer the token to the station with the highest possible number, the attempt is made to send the token to the station with the lowest possible number. If the token transfer to a second station was successful, their identification number is saved as a new number. The second station now tries to pass on the token to the station with the next higher number, this is increased by one until the next station is reached. When all stations have entered the number of their successor stations, the reconfiguration is complete.
Wird der Token an eine Station weitergegeben, die ausgefallen oder vom Netzwerk weggeschaltet ist, geht er verloren. Die momentane Kommunikation ist somit unter- brachen und es beginnt die Rekonfiguration nach dem selben Verfahren wie oben beschrieben.If the token is passed on to a station that has failed or has been disconnected from the network, it is lost. The current communication is thus interrupted and the reconfiguration begins using the same procedure as described above.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht nun darin, ein neues Verfahren zur Daten¬ kommunikation zwischen über einen Bus miteinander verbundenen Stationen, insbe- sondere speiche rogrammierbaren Steuerungen, zu schaffen, mit dem Daten¬ telegramme sehr schnell und vor allem sicher zwischen den Stationen übertragen werden.The object of the invention is to create a new method for data communication between stations connected to one another via a bus, in particular programmable logic controllers, with which data telegrams are transmitted very quickly and, above all, securely between the stations.
Diese Aufgabenstellung wird durch die Erfindung gelöst, welche dadurch gekenn- zeichnet ist, daß alle Stationen nach einem konstanten synchronisierten Zeitzyklus arbeiten, der in drei Phasen geteilt ist, die in der Reihenfolge Synchronisierphase, Broadcastphase und Messagephase ablaufen, wobei Anfang und Ende jeder Phase allen Stationen im Netzwerk bekannt ist, und daß von der zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt wirksamen Phase die Art des Datentelegrammes bestimmt wird, welches von jeder einzelnen Station zum Senden freigegeben wird, wobei in jeder Station Daten- telegramme zum Senden freigegeben werden, und daß eines dieser Datentelegramme entweder dann gesendet wird, wenn die jeweilige Station im Besitz der Sende¬ berechtigung (Token) ist, oder aufgrund von bestimmten, von anderen Stationen empfangenen Datentelegrammen wieder zurückgenommen wird, bevor die Station die Sendeberechtigung erhält, oder deshalb zurückgenommen wird, weil die ent- sprechende Phase vor Erhalt der Sendeberechtigung zu Ende gegangen ist, und daß in der Synchronisierphase von jeder Station genau ein Synchronisiertelegramm zum Senden freigegeben wird, jedoch nur von der Station, die in diesem Zeitabschnitt als erste die Sendeberechtigung erhält tatsächlich gesendet wird, und daß in der Broadcastphase von jeder Station genau ein Datentelegramm zum Senden freigegeben und auch tatsächlich gesendet wird, das an alle Stationen im Netzwerk gerichtet ist, und daß in der Messagephase von jeder Station so lange Datentelegramme zum Senden freigegeben und bei Sendeberechtigung abgeschickt werden, bis die Message¬ phase zu Ende ist, wobei jedes Datentelegramm, welches in dieser Phase zum Senden freigegeben und abgeschickt wird, an eine bestimmte andere Station im Netzwerk gerichtet ist. Dadurch wird die Datenübertragung der zwei Informationsarten, Zustände in einem konstanten Zeitzyklus mit Echtzeitverhalten und Ereignisse (Zustandsänderungen) sicher und zuverlässig unterstützt. Weiters ist ein fixer Zeit¬ raster auch Voraussetzung für die übergreifenden Regel- und Steueraufgaben in einer speicheφrogrammierbaren Steuerung.This task is solved by the invention, which is characterized in that all stations work according to a constant synchronized time cycle, which is divided into three phases, which in the order of synchronization phase, Broadcast phase and message phase take place, the beginning and end of each phase being known to all stations in the network, and that the type of data telegram that is released for transmission by each individual station is determined by the phase that is active at the current time. telegrams are released for transmission, and that one of these data telegrams is either sent when the respective station is in possession of the transmission authorization (token), or is withdrawn again on the basis of certain data telegrams received from other stations before the station transmits the transmission authorization received, or is withdrawn because the corresponding phase has ended before receipt of the transmission authorization and that exactly one synchronization telegram is released for transmission by each station in the synchronization phase, but only by the station that is the first in this period the transmission authorization actually gets is sent, and that in the broadcast phase exactly one data telegram is released for transmission from each station and is actually sent, which is directed to all stations in the network, and that in the message phase so long data telegrams are released for transmission from each station and sent with transmission authorization until the message phase has ended, each data telegram which is released for transmission in this phase and sent to a specific other station in the network. This reliably and reliably supports the data transmission of the two types of information, states in a constant time cycle with real-time behavior and events (state changes). Furthermore, a fixed time grid is also a prerequisite for the overarching regulation and control tasks in a programmable logic controller.
Von Vorteil ist, daß die Synchronisierphase zu einem fixen Zeitpunkt ab Beginn der vorhergehenden Broadcastphase startet, und daß in der Synchronisierphase von jeder Station ein Datentelegramm freigegeben wird, in dem der Zeitpunkt des Beginns der nächsten Broadcastphase definiert ist, und daß von derjenigen Station, die in dieser Phase als erste in den Besitz der Sendeberechtigung (Token) kommt, dieses Daten¬ telegramm abgeschickt wird, und daß alle anderen Stationen ihr diesbezügliches zum Senden freigegebenes Datentelegramm verwerfen und den Beginn der nächsten Broadcastphase gemäß dem Inhalt des empfangenen Datentelegramms synchro¬ nisieren. Es wird dadurch in jedem Zeitzyklus eine Station zum Synchronisiermaster, ohne daß besondere Regeln notwendig sind, wenn eine Station zu- oder wegge- schaltet wird. Der Synchronisiermaster ergibt sich somit durch das Zufallsprinzip. Eine Station die von vornherein zum Synchronisiermaster bestimmt wird gibt es nicht.It is advantageous that the synchronization phase starts at a fixed point in time from the beginning of the previous broadcast phase, and that in the synchronization phase a data telegram is released from each station in which the time of the beginning of the next broadcast phase is defined, and that from the station that in this phase, the first person to receive the transmission authorization (token), this data telegram is sent, and that all other stations use this to Discard transmission of released data telegram and synchronize the start of the next broadcast phase in accordance with the content of the received data telegram. In this way, a station becomes a synchronization master in every time cycle, without special rules being necessary when a station is switched on or off. The synchronization master thus results from the random principle. There is no station that is designated from the outset as the synchronization master.
Die Ausgestaltung eines Verfahrenschrittes besteht darin, daß in der Synchronisier¬ phase von jeder Station nur jeweils das erste empfangene Datentelegramm zum Synchronisieren verwendet wird und alle nachfolgenden ignoriert werden. Da im Normalfall die "Token"-Weitergabe schneller ist als die Empfangsbehandlung und das Löschen des eigenen Sendeauftrages ist diese Maßnahme notwendig.The design of a method step consists in the fact that in the synchronization phase only the first received data telegram from each station is used for synchronization and all subsequent ones are ignored. Since the "token" forwarding is normally faster than the reception handling and the deletion of the own send order, this measure is necessary.
Nach einer Weiterbildung gibt am Beginn der Broadcastphase jede Station ein bereits vorbereitetes Datentelegramm zum Senden frei, wobei jene Station, die als erste dieAccording to a further development, at the beginning of the broadcast phase, each station releases an already prepared data telegram for transmission, the station that is the first to transmit the data
Sendeberechtigung in dieser Phase erhält, anschließend ein Datentelegramm zumReceives transmission authorization in this phase, then a data telegram to
Senden freigibt, welches das Ende der Broadcastphase kennzeichnet, und das nach genau einmaligem Umlauf der Sendeberechtigung im Netzwerk abgeschickt wird, und allen Stationen mitteilt, daß die Broadcastphase zu Ende ist, und die nächste Phase beginnt. Jene Station die der Broadcastmaster ist, der das Datentelegramm sendet, welches das Ende der Broadcastphase anzeigt, ergibt sich dadurch ebenfalls zufällig.Releases transmission, which marks the end of the broadcast phase, and which is sent after exactly one round of transmission authorization in the network, and informs all stations that the broadcast phase has ended and the next phase begins. The station which is the broadcast master, which sends the data telegram, which indicates the end of the broadcast phase, also arises by chance.
Es ist somit nicht vorgesehen, eine Station von vornherein zum Broadcastmaster zu erklären. In der Broadcastphase erfogt auch eine optimale Ausnützung des Token-It is therefore not intended to declare a station a broadcast master from the outset. In the broadcast phase, optimal use is made of the token
Passing- Verfahrens, weil mit jeder Tokenweitergabe ein Datentelegramm gesendet wird.Passing procedure, because a data telegram is sent with each token transfer.
Vorteilhafterweise beinhaltet das Datentelegramm in der Broadcastphase ein Abbild von Benutzerdaten, wobei die Bedeutung der Daten an die Position im Telegramm gebunden ist, und ausschließlich durch Projektierung definiert und geändert wird, und daß jede Station aus den in der Broadcastphase empfangenen Datentelegrammen nur jene Positionen auswählt, die für die interne Weiterverarbeitung benötigt werden. In jeder Station sind sogenannte virtuelle Ein- und Ausgangskarten mit einer bestimmten Anzahl von virtuellen Ein- und Ausgängen projektiert. Jedes Broadcasttelegramm der einzelnen Stationen beinhaltet den momentanen Zustand der einzelnen virtuellen Aus¬ gänge. Jede Station wählt aus den Broadcasttelegrammen jene Daten von den virtuellen Ausgängen aus die für ihre virtuellen Eingänge durch die Projektierung bestimmt sind.Advantageously, the data telegram in the broadcast phase contains an image of user data, the meaning of the data being linked to the position in the telegram and being defined and changed exclusively by configuration, and that each station selects only those positions from the data telegrams received in the broadcast phase. which are required for internal processing. In So-called virtual input and output cards with a certain number of virtual inputs and outputs are configured for each station. Each broadcast telegram from the individual stations contains the current state of the individual virtual outputs. Each station selects the data from the virtual outputs from the broadcast telegrams that is intended for its virtual inputs by the configuration.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, daß jene Stationen, bei denen keine Benutzerdaten projektiert sind, in der Broadcastphase ein leeres Datentelegramm senden. Dadurch ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, daß alle Stationen am Netzwerk in der Broadcastphase den Ausfall von Stationen erkennen können. Bei erkanntem Ausfall eines Broadcasttelegrammes werden die betroffenen Eingänge von virtuellen Eingangskarten in den Empfangs¬ stationen mit der Kennung "nicht plausibel" versehen.Another advantage is that those stations where no user data are configured send an empty data telegram in the broadcast phase. This results in the possibility that all stations on the network can recognize the failure of stations in the broadcast phase. If a broadcast telegram failure is detected, the inputs concerned are provided with virtual input cards in the receiving stations with the identifier “not plausible”.
Eine Ausgestaltung besteht darin, daß die Messagephase mit dem Ende der Broadcastphase beginnt und zu einem fixen Zeitpunkt ab Beginn der letzten Broadcastphase endet, und daß am Beginn der Messagephase in jeder Station jenes Datentelegramm, das an eine bestimmte Station gerichtet ist, und das in der Broadcastphase bereits vorbereitet wurde, zum Senden freigegeben wird und nach Erhalt der Sendeberechtigung abgeschickt wird.One embodiment consists in the fact that the message phase begins at the end of the broadcast phase and ends at a fixed point in time from the beginning of the last broadcast phase, and that at the beginning of the message phase in each station that data telegram that is directed to a specific station, and that in the Broadcast phase has already been prepared, is released for transmission and is sent after receipt of the transmission authorization.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, daß für die Messagephase eine Nachlaufzeit berücksichtigt ist, während der ein zum Zeitpunkt des Endes der Messagephase gerade im Senden begriffenes Datentelegramm noch fertig gesendet wird. Bei allen anderen Stationen, welche in dieser Phase ein Datentelegramm zum Senden freigegeben haben wird dieses zurückgenommen und für die nächste Messagephase in Auftrag gestellt.A further advantage is that a follow-up time is taken into account for the message phase, during which a data telegram which is just being sent at the time of the end of the message phase is still being sent. For all other stations that have released a data telegram for transmission in this phase, this is withdrawn and ordered for the next message phase.
Eine Weiterbildung liegt darin, daß in der Messagephase jede Station die Möglichkeit erhält, mindestens ein Datentelegramm zu senden, und daß die Sendefreigabe von Datentelegrammen, für die vor Ablauf der Messagephase keine Sendeberechtigung mehr erteilt wird, wieder zurückgenommen werden, und somit in der nächsten Messagephase neuerlich zum Senden freigegeben werden.A further development is that in the message phase each station is given the opportunity to send at least one data telegram, and that the transmission release of data telegrams for which there is no authorization before the message phase expires more will be issued, withdrawn again, and thus will be released for sending again in the next message phase.
Von Vorteil ist, daß in der Messagephase jedes Datentelegramm, daß von der Empfangsstation nicht übernommen wird, von der Sendestation nach einer definier¬ baren Lebensdauer verworfen wird.It is advantageous that, in the message phase, any data telegram that is not accepted by the receiving station is rejected by the transmitting station after a definable lifetime.
Letztlich ist von Vorteil, daß in der Messagephase jedes von der Empfangsstation übernommene und gültige Datentelegramm durch ein an die Sendestation gerichtetes Quittungstelegramm bestätigt wird, und daß, soferne das Datentelegramm von der Empfangsstation zwar übernommen, aber nicht bestätigt wird, dieses nach einem definierbaren Zeitintervall in der laufenden oder darauffolgenden Messagephase als Datentelegrammwiederholung abermals zum Senden freigegeben wird, und nach Durchführung einer definierbaren Anzahl von Sendewiederholungen endgültig verworfen wird.Ultimately, it is advantageous that in the message phase each valid data telegram received by the receiving station is confirmed by an acknowledgment telegram sent to the sending station, and that if the data telegram is accepted by the receiving station but not confirmed, it is sent after a definable time interval in the current or subsequent message phase is released again for transmission as a data telegram repetition, and is finally discarded after a definable number of transmission repetitions has been carried out.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnungen noch näher erläutert.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Die Fig 1 zeigt schematisch die bekannte Zusammenschaltung einzelner Stationen über einen Bus, die Fig. 2 zeigt den Zeitzyklus mit den einzelnen Phasen als Kreis und in dem Diagramm in Fig. 3 ist der Ablauf des Zeitzyklus bei fünf am Bus ange¬ schlossenen Stationen dargestellt.1 schematically shows the known interconnection of individual stations via a bus, FIG. 2 shows the time cycle with the individual phases as a circle, and the diagram in FIG. 3 shows the course of the time cycle with five stations connected to the bus.
In der Fig. 1 sind an den Bus 6, der ein serieller oder paralleler sein kann, fünf Stationen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 angeschlossen. Jede Station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 weist einen Netzwerk- Controller 7 auf, über den die Datenkommunikation zwischen den einzelnen Stationen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 erfolgt. Der Netzwerk-Controller 7 kann hard- oder softwaremäßig realisiert werden.In Fig. 1, five stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are connected to the bus 6, which can be a serial or parallel one. Each station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 has a network controller 7, via which the data communication between the individual stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 takes place. The network controller 7 can be implemented in hardware or software.
Aus der Fig. 2 ist ersichtlich, daß der Beginn der Broadcastphase 8 bei der Zeit t = 0 festgelegt ist. In dieser Phase 10 sendet jede Station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ein Datentelegramm an alle Stationen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Mit 10 ist ein solches Datentelegramm schematisiert. In dieser Broadcastphase 8 erhalten alle am Bus 6 angeschlossenen Stationen die Sende¬ berechtigung (Token) und schicken ein freigegebenes Datentelegramm 10 ab. Das Broadcastende-Telegramm 11 sendet jene Station, die in dieser Phase 8 als erste, also zum Zeitpunkt t = 0 die Sendeberechtigung erhalten hat. Die Dauer der Broadcast¬ phase ist abhängig von der Anzahl der am Bus 6 angeschlossenen Stationen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Der Broadcastphase folgt die Messagephase 9, in der jede Station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ein Datentelegramm an eine bestimmte andere Station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, soferne sie die Sende¬ berechtigung erhält, senden kann. Nach dem Ende der Messagephase 9 ist noch eine Nachlaufzeit 12 vorgesehen, in der ein zum Zeitpunkt des Endes der Messagephase 9 gerade im Senden begriffenes Datentelegramm noch fertig gesendet wird. Der Nach¬ laufzeit 12 folgt die Synchronisierphase 13, 14 mit dem dem ersten 13 und dem zweiten Synchronisiertelegramm 14. Die Abiaufrichtung des Zeitzyklus ist in dieser Fig. mit einem Pfeil angedeutet.From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the beginning of the broadcast phase 8 is fixed at the time t = 0. In this phase 10, each station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sends a data telegram to all stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. With 10 such a data telegram is schematized. In this broadcast phase 8, all stations connected to the bus 6 receive the send authorization (token) and send an approved data telegram 10. The end of broadcast telegram 11 sends the station that was the first to receive transmission authorization in this phase 8, ie at time t = 0. The duration of the broadcast phase depends on the number of stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 connected to bus 6. The broadcast phase is followed by message phase 9, in which each station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 receives a data telegram a certain other station 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, as long as it receives the send authorization, can transmit. After the end of the message phase 9, a follow-up time 12 is also provided, in which a data telegram which is just being sent at the time of the end of the message phase 9 is still being sent. The run-on time 12 is followed by the synchronization phase 13, 14 with the first 13 and the second synchronization telegram 14. The direction of the time cycle is indicated by an arrow in this figure.
Die Dauer eines Zeitzyklus liegt im Bereich von einigen 100ms.The duration of a time cycle is in the range of a few 100 ms.
Die senkrechten Linien in Fig. 3 stellen fünf an einen Bus 6 angeschlossene Stationen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 dar. Der "Token" 15, welcher von einer Station zur nächsten weiter- gegebenen wird, ist durch ein Dreieck symbolisiert. Datentelegramme 10 die von allen Stationen empfangen werden sind in dieser Fig. strichliert eingezeichnet. An oberster Stelle ist in diesem Diagramm das erste Synchronisiertelegramm 13, welches hier gerade von der Station 1 gesendet wird, eingezeichnet. Auf ein zweites Synchronisiertelegramm 14 wurde verzichtet. Da aufgrund des Telegrammes 13 nun alle Stationen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 synchronisiert sind, beginnt bei t = 0 die Broadcastphase 8. Das erste Datentelegramm 10 sendet die Station 2, die am Schluß dieser Phase 8 auch das Broadcastende-Telegramm 11 abschickt, mit dem allen Stationen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mitgeteilt wird, daß die Broadcastphase 8 zu Ende ist. In der anschließenden Messagephase 9 sendet hier die Station 3 ein Datentelegramm an die Station 1, anschließend die Station 4 an die Station 3 und danach die Station 5 an die Station 2. Da anschließend der "Token" 15 bei der Station 1 ist und die Zeit für die Message- phase 9 schon fast abgelaufen ist, sendet diese Station 1 ihr Quittungstelegramm 16 für das von der Station 1 empfangene Datentelegramm bereits in der Nachlaufzeit 12 der Messagephase 9. Der "Token" 15 wird an die Station 2 weitergegeben, die das erste Synchronisiertelegramm 13 an alle Stationen abschickt. The vertical lines in FIG. 3 represent five stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 connected to a bus 6. The “token” 15, which is passed on from one station to the next, is symbolized by a triangle. Data telegrams 10 which are received by all stations are shown in dashed lines in this figure. The first synchronization telegram 13, which is currently being sent by station 1, is shown at the top of this diagram. A second synchronization telegram 14 was dispensed with. Since all stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are now synchronized due to the telegram 13, the broadcast phase 8 begins at t = 0. The first data telegram 10 is sent by the station 2, which at the end of this phase 8 also sends the broadcast end telegram 11 with which all stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are informed that broadcast phase 8 has ended. In the subsequent message phase 9, station 3 sends a data telegram to station 1, then station 4 to station 3 and then station 5 to station 2. Since the "token" 15 is then at station 1 and the time for the message phase 9 has almost expired, this station 1 sends its acknowledgment telegram 16 for the data telegram received from station 1 already in the follow-up time 12 of message phase 9. The "token" 15 is passed on to station 2, which sends the first synchronization telegram 13 to everyone Sends stations.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Verfahren zur Datenübertragung zwischen informationsverarbeitenden Stationen bzw. Geräten, z.B. speiche rogrammierbaren Steuerungen, Leitrechnern oder Bediengeräten für die Automatisierungstechnik, die über ein Netzwerk mit seriellem oder parallelem Bus miteinander verbunden sind und wobei die Daten¬ übertragimg nach dem Token-passing-Verfahren erfolgt, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß alle Stationen nach einem konstanten synchronisierten Zeitzyklus arbeiten, der in drei Phasen geteilt ist, die in der Reihenfolge Synchronisierphase, Broadcastphase und Messagephase ablaufen, wobei Anfang und Ende jeder Phase allen Stationen im Netzwerk bekannt ist, und daß von der zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt wirksamen Phase die Art des Datentelegrammes bestimmt wird, welches von jeder einzelnen Station zum Senden freigegeben wird, wobei in jeder Station Daten¬ telegramme zum Senden freigegeben werden, und daß eines dieser Daten- telegramme entweder dann gesendet wird, wenn die jeweilige Station im Besitz der1. Method for data transmission between information processing stations or devices, e.g. Programmable controllers, master computers or operating devices for automation technology, which are connected to one another via a network with serial or parallel bus and where the data transfer takes place according to the token passing method, characterized in that all stations are synchronized according to a constant Working time cycle, which is divided into three phases, which run in the order of synchronization phase, broadcast phase and message phase, with the beginning and end of each phase is known to all stations in the network, and that the type of data telegram is determined by the phase that is currently active. which is released for transmission by each individual station, data telegrams being released for transmission in each station, and that one of these data telegrams is either transmitted when the respective station is in possession of the
Sendeberechtigung (Token) ist, oder aufgrund von bestimmten, von anderen Stationen empfangenen Datentelegrammen wieder zurückgenommen wird, bevor die Station die Sendeberechtigung erhält, oder deshalb zurückgenommen wird, weil die entsprechende Phase vor Erhalt der Sendeberechtigung zu Ende gegangen ist, und daß in der Synchronisieφhase von jeder Station genau ein Synchronisier- telegrarhm zum Senden freigegeben wird, jedoch nur von der Station, die in diesem Zeitabschnitt als erste die Sendeberechtigung erhält tatsächlich gesendet wird, und daß in der Broadcastphase von jeder Station genau ein Datentelegramm zum Senden freigegeben und auch tatsächlich gesendet wird, das an alle Stationen im Netzwerk gerichtet ist, und daß in der Messagephase von jeder Station so langeSend authorization (token), or is withdrawn due to certain data telegrams received from other stations before the station receives the transmit authorization, or is withdrawn because the corresponding phase has ended before receipt of the transmit authorization, and that in the synchronization phase Exactly one synchronization telegram is released for transmission by each station, but only by the station that is actually the first to receive transmission authorization in this time period, and that in the broadcast phase exactly one data telegram is released for transmission by each station and actually transmitted that is addressed to all stations in the network and that in the message phase of each station for so long
Datentelegramme zum Senden freigegeben und bei Sendeberechtigung abgeschickt werden, bis die Messagephase zu Ende ist, wobei jedes Datentelegramm, welches in dieser Phase zum Senden freigegeben und abgeschickt wird, an eine bestimmte andere Station im Netzwerk gerichtet ist. Data telegrams are released for transmission and sent with transmission authorization until the message phase has ended, each data telegram that is released for transmission and dispatched in this phase being directed to a specific other station in the network.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Synchronisier¬ phase zu einem fixen Zeitpunkt ab Beginn der vorhergehenden Broadcastphase startet, und daß in der Synchronisierphase von jeder Station ein Datentelegramm freigegeben wird, in dem der Zeitpunkt des Beginns der nächsten Broadcastphase definiert ist, und daß von derjenigen Station, die in dieser Phase als erste in den Besitz der Sendeberechtigung (Token) kommt, dieses Datentelegramm abgeschickt wird, und daß alle anderen Stationen ihr diesbezügliches zum Senden freigegebenes Datentelegramm verwerfen und den Beginn der nächsten Broadcastphase gemäß dem Inhalt des empfangenen Datentelegramms synchronisieren.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Synchronisier¬ phase starts at a fixed point in time from the beginning of the previous broadcast phase, and that in the synchronization phase, a data telegram is released by each station in which the time of the beginning of the next broadcast phase is defined , and that the station that is the first to receive the transmission authorization (token) in this phase sends this data telegram, and that all other stations reject their data telegram released for transmission in this regard and the start of the next broadcast phase in accordance with the content of the synchronize received data telegram.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Synchronisier¬ phase von jeder Station nur jeweils das erste empfangene Datentelegramm zum Synchronisieren verwendet wird und alle nachfolgenden ignoriert werden.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in the Synchronisier¬ phase from each station only the first received data telegram is used for synchronization and all subsequent ones are ignored.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Beginn der Broadcastphase jede Station ein bereits vorbereitetes Datentelegramm zum Senden freigibt, wobei jene Station, die als erste die Sendeberechtigung in dieser Phase erhält, anschließend ein Datentelegramm zum Senden freigibt, welches das Ende der Broadcastphase kennzeichnet, und das nach genau ein- maligem Umlauf der Sendeberechtigung im Netzwerk abgeschickt wird, und allen4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at the beginning of the broadcast phase each station releases an already prepared data telegram for transmission, the station which first receives transmission authorization in this phase subsequently releases a data telegram for transmission, which marks the end of the broadcast phase and which is sent after exactly one round of broadcast authorization in the network, and all
Stationen mitteilt, daß die Broadcastphase zu Ende ist, und die nächste Phase beginnt.Stations announces that the broadcast phase has ended and the next phase begins.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Datentelegramm in der Broadcastphase ein Abbild von Benutzerdaten beinhaltet, wobei die Bedeutung der Daten an die Position im Telegramm gebunden ist, und ausschließlich durch Projektierung definiert und geändert wird, und daß jede Station aus den in der Broadcastphase empfangenen Datentelegrammen nur jene Positionen auswählt, die für die interne Weiterverarbeitung benötigt werden. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the data telegram in the broadcast phase contains an image of user data, the meaning of the data being tied to the position in the telegram, and is defined and changed exclusively by configuration, and that Each station selects from the data telegrams received in the broadcast phase only those positions that are required for internal processing.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jene Stationen, bei denen keine Benutzerdaten projektiert sind, in der Broadcastphase ein leeres Datentelegramm senden.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that those stations in which no user data are configured send an empty data telegram in the broadcast phase.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Messagephase mit dem Ende der Broadcastphase beginnt und zu einem fixen Zeit¬ punkt ab Beginn der letzten Broadcastphase endet, und daß am Beginn der Messagephase in jeder Station jenes Datentelegramm, das an eine bestimmte Station gerichtet ist, und das in der Broadcastphase bereits vorbereitet wurde, zum Senden freigegeben wird und nach Erhalt der Sendeberechtigung abgeschickt wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the message phase begins with the end of the broadcast phase and ends at a fixed point in time from the beginning of the last broadcast phase, and that at the beginning of the message phase in each station that data telegram that is directed to a specific station, and which was already prepared in the broadcast phase, is released for transmission and is sent after receipt of the transmission authorization.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Messagephase eine Nachlaufzeit berücksichtigt ist, während der ein zum Zeit¬ punkt des Endes der Messagephase gerade im Senden begriffenes Datentelegramm noch fertig gesendet wird.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a follow-up time is taken into account for the message phase during which a data telegram which is just being sent at the time of the end of the message phase is still being sent.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Messagephase jede Station die Möglichkeit erhält, mindestens ein Datentelegramm zu senden, und daß die Sendefreigabe von Datentelegrammen, für die vor Ablauf der Messagephase keine Sendeberechtigung mehr erteilt wird, wieder zurück¬ genommen wird, und somit in der nächsten Messagephase neuerlich zum Senden freigegeben werden.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the message phase each station is given the opportunity to send at least one data telegram, and that the transmission release of data telegrams for which no transmission authorization is issued before the message phase expires again is withdrawn, and thus released again for transmission in the next message phase.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Messagephase jedes Datentelegramm, daß von der Empfangsstation nicht übernommen wird, von der Sendestation nach einer definierbaren Lebensdauer verworfen wird.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the message phase, each data telegram that is not accepted by the receiving station is rejected by the transmitting station after a definable lifetime.
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Messagephase jedes von der Empfangsstation übernommene und gültige11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the message phase each of the valid and accepted from the receiving station
Datentelegramm durch ein an die Sendestation gerichtetes Quimingstelegrarnm bestätigt wird, und daß, sofeme das Datentelegramm von der Empfangsstation zwar übernommen, aber nicht bestätigt wird, dieses nach einem definierbaren Zeitintervall in der laufenden oder darauffolgenden Messagephase als Daten- telegrammwiederholung abermals zum Senden freigegeben wird, und nach Durch¬ führung einer definierbaren Anzahl von Sendewiederholungen endgültig verworfen wird. Data telegram through a quiming telegram directed to the sending station is confirmed, and that if the data telegram is accepted by the receiving station but not confirmed, it is released again for transmission after a definable time interval in the current or subsequent message phase as a data telegram repetition, and after a definable number of Retransmissions are finally discarded.
PCT/AT1995/000166 1994-09-02 1995-08-17 Process for data transmission between data processing stations or devices WO1996008097A1 (en)

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WO1998009843A1 (en) * 1996-09-07 1998-03-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Data bus for vehicles with several passenger safety devices
US6587474B1 (en) 1996-09-07 2003-07-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Data bus for multiple components

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DE3611949A1 (en) * 1986-04-09 1987-10-15 Regulex Tech Info DATA TRANSFER METHOD AND DATA TRANSFER DEVICE
GB2201566A (en) * 1987-02-16 1988-09-01 Toshiba Kk Data transmission
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WO1998009843A1 (en) * 1996-09-07 1998-03-12 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Data bus for vehicles with several passenger safety devices
US6587474B1 (en) 1996-09-07 2003-07-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Data bus for multiple components

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