WO1996005693A1 - Dispositif d'illumination multispectrale a acces direct destine a un systeme d'imagerie - Google Patents

Dispositif d'illumination multispectrale a acces direct destine a un systeme d'imagerie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996005693A1
WO1996005693A1 PCT/EP1995/003159 EP9503159W WO9605693A1 WO 1996005693 A1 WO1996005693 A1 WO 1996005693A1 EP 9503159 W EP9503159 W EP 9503159W WO 9605693 A1 WO9605693 A1 WO 9605693A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
color
led
illumination
imaging
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1995/003159
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Israel Fraier
Original Assignee
Applitec Ltd.
Meron, Gabriel, David
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Applitec Ltd., Meron, Gabriel, David filed Critical Applitec Ltd.
Priority to AU32580/95A priority Critical patent/AU3258095A/en
Publication of WO1996005693A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996005693A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0638—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements providing two or more wavelengths
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0655—Control therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
    • A61B1/0684—Endoscope light sources using light emitting diodes [LED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/03—Circuitry for demodulating colour component signals modulated spatially by colour striped filters by frequency separation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/043—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances for fluorescence imaging

Definitions

  • the inventions relate to a real time switchable random access spectra, multispectral high resolution video imaging system coupled with random access switchable LED illumination means for close up direct or through endoscope inspection applications in Medicine, Industry and Research.
  • the new systems enables the user to create in real time a multispectral false color or true color image of an object, or to examine the object in any desired spectral band, in random order, from a pre-determined number of spectral bands, or to capture the induced luminescence from the object (fluorescence, chemiluminescence), all without interrupting the real time imaging process.
  • the new system presents a flexible color and multispectral high resolution imaging means for close-up applications and provide spectral selection of the imaging wavelength band in real time and at desired order.
  • the system of the present invention is very economic in power consumption, can be battery operated and is comparatively inexpensive.
  • Video imaging for close up inspection is a well known and widely accepted technique in the fields of medicine, research and industrial inspection.
  • the most common demand is for color imaging and for some special research applications one can find also a few multispectral systems. All those systems for color imaging require white light sources of high color temperature such as Halogen, Xenon and Metal Halide lamps.
  • Color or Multispectral imaging through a flexible or rigid endoscope requires even more powerful hght sources due to the high loss in the illumination fiber optic path. Due to the high color temperature and high intensity needs, all those light sources require special power supply electronics and cooling means, and are very power consuming 150W to 600W.
  • the life time (spectral characteristics and intensity) of all lamps in these light sources is very limited: -50 hours for Halogen, -250 hours for Metal Halide and -300 to -500 hours for Xenon, and this drawback imposes the use of a twin lamp light source for important tasks as medical operation, a feature that further increases the size and cost of the hght source.
  • Fiber optic hght guides for such systems are quite fragile and their high price makes maintenance expensive.
  • Metal Halide and Xenon lamps are strong UV emitters and therefore Ozone generators and their bulbs are pressurized, all those adding high safety requirements and additional cost to the product.
  • One method is to put a mosaic filter on the CCD active area, whicn divides the CCD pixels to different color sensitivity. This color mask decreases the resolution by producing images using only 1/3 of CCD cells in each color. The filter limits the CCD sensitivity because of its low transmission.
  • the second method is to use three CCD's. This kind of system gets a better resolution, but the sensitivity remains low because of the use of dichroic mirrors or color filters and prisms.
  • the present inventions relates to a real-time switchable random access color or multi-color, multispectral video imaging system for close-up direct or through endoscope inspection based on a random access switchable multiwavelength LED illumination subsystem, and optionally Laser Diode excitation means.
  • the invention relates to a real-time switchable random access color or color combination LED-or laser diode illumination multispectral video imaging system comprising a black and white CCD or CCD like imaging array sensor, an optical system for acquiring an image of an object, one or more single or
  • the LED illumination comprises one or more single or multiwavelength LED's whole hght output is combined by a LED's light beam combiner which is of a fiber optic multi-input with randomized fiber output type or of a dichroic mirror type or of a holographic diffuser type into a uniformly spectrally colored beam for object mumination.
  • the imaging means comprises an imaging array sensor with peripheral components generating a non-standard video signal to be further processed by the electronic unit, where the imaging system comprises all the video signal processing electronics, or a dedicated single chip monolithic video camera.
  • a color image is produced by electronically memorizing and combining three sequential images, each of them illuminated with one of the corresponding Red, Green and Blue LED lights, where a false color multispectral image is produced by electronically memorizing three or more sequential images each of them iUuminated with a specific LED wavelength and by electronically combining three of those images to be displayed on a color RGB monitor as a false color multispectral image.
  • the imaged object response in a specific wavelength band can be enhanced by increasing the illumination intensity of the LED that delivers this specific wavelength.
  • a switchable IR laser diode or a switchable UV excitation light source is coupled to the illumination hght beam combiner for fluorescence diagnostic purposes.
  • the electronic control unit comprises electronics required to create a
  • a color image can be produced by electronically memorizing and combining three sequential image, each of them illuminated with one of the corresponding red, green and blue LED lights, or where a false color multispectral image is produced by electronically memorizing three or more sequential images, each of them illuminated with a specific LED wavelength and by electronically combining three of those images to be displayed on a color RGB monitor as a false color multispectral image.
  • All LEDs can be shut down for a frame period or any other chosen period of time in order to facilitate the imaging sensor to record a chemilluminescence or radio luminescence or phosphorescence or other light emitting induced effect in the object or site under observation, where a switchable IR laser diode or a switchable UV excitation light source is coupled to the illumination light beam combiner for fluorescence diagnostic purposes.
  • the new system enables the user to create in real-time a multispectral false color or true color image of an object, or to examine the object in any desired spectral band, in random order, from a predetermined number of spectral bands or to capture the induced luminescence from the object (fluorescence, Chermluminescence) all without interrupting the real time imaging process.
  • the system comprises a black and white or color CCD or CCD-like sensor (CID, MOS, Photo Diode array), with or without on chip memory, an optical system for acquiring an image of an object, signal processing electronics for creating a Black
  • control electronics for automatic and manual control of the spectral image order of appearance, intensity, image overlay and other image processing function.
  • the system comprises LED illumination means containing one or more single or multiwavelength LED's and a beam combiner in order to create a uniformly spectral colored beam for object illumination, and electronic switching means for activating the LED's synchronizing their time and duration of operation, intensity and order of activation.
  • the LED illumination subsystem can be coupled to the imaging sensor and imaging optics or separated from it providing an illumination beam that illuminates the full
  • the signal processing switching means can be coupled to the imaging sensor, optics and LED illumination subsystem or be separated from it as a remote head system configuration.
  • the imaging optics in the system can be an ordinary optical system of any kind or a special dedicated optical system, for example a flexible or rigid endoscope optical system.
  • the CCD image sensor in the novel system is a black and white CCD, and therefore can be of a full frame type, providing higher resolution and sensitivity in comparison with existing color CCD's in the market.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is its low power requirements due to the low power requirements of the LED illumination compared to the high temperature, white hght sources required for color video imaging. This advantage can be critical for the ability to design a battery operated portable illuminating color or multispectral video imaging systems.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the novel random access multispectral video and illumination system for close-up imaging through an endoscope 1.
  • the control unit 16 controls the illumination unit 11 through the illumination cable 10 and the imaging unit 13 through the imaging cable 12.
  • the illumination from the LED's 9 is combined by the light combiner 8 and interfaced to the light input 5 of the endoscope.
  • the light is guided through the illumination fiber optic channel 3 of the endoscope to illuminate the inspected object 14.
  • the image from the illuminated inspected object 14 is guided through the image channel 2 of the endoscope 1, to the ocular lens 4.
  • An opto-mechanical adapter 6 is attached to the ocular, projecting the image on the image sensor 7.
  • the obtained image signals are being led from the image sensor 7 through the image cable 12 to the control unit 16, in which they are being processed in order to provide the image information to a monitor 15.
  • Fig. 2 is an embodiment of the block diagram described in Fig. 1.
  • the mode of illumination is determined by the user and entered by the control panel 34 to the controller 25 (68HC11 or equivalent).
  • the controller 25 synchronized with the timing generator 22 (Sony CXD1261 or equivalent) sends a synchronized operating command to the LEDs 38 through the LED's cable 37.
  • the LEDs 38 are an array of 5 LEDs of different wavelengths and a diffuser (*see list of LEDs at the end of this paragraph). According to Fig. 1, after the object is illuminated, an image is projected on the CCD image sensor 36 (Sony ICX058 or equivalent).
  • the image sensor 36 is driven by the video driver 21 (Sony CXD1250 or equivalent) winch synchronized by the timing generator 22.
  • the image signal from the image sensor 36 is fed into the video processor 23 (Sony CXA1310 or equivalent) which provides video-like signal
  • the output of the D/A 26 is a digital signal of the image fed into a digital memory 27 (TMS4C1050 or equivalent) for storage.
  • TMS4C1050 digital memory 27
  • the full frame image is delivered to the D/A 28 (BT121 or equivalent), that provides an analog signal of the combined image to the buffer 29 (MCI 4577 or equivalent).
  • the analog signal from the buffer is fed into the video encoder 30 (MC1377) which encode the signal to form a composite 31 and/or Y/C 32 and/or RGB 33 video signal. All the components are fed with power from the power supply 24.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)

Abstract

Système d'imagerie vidéo multispectrale en temps réel, commutable, à accès direct, à combinaison de couleurs vraies ou fausses, possédant des moyens d'illumination commutables à diodes laser ou diodes LED et comprenant un capteur à matrices de photodétecteurs en noir et blanc, des moyens d'acquisition d'une image d'un objet, des moyens de traitement de signaux aux fins de création d'une image vidéo en couleurs vraies ou fausses de l'objet, des moyens destinés à commander les systèmes de combinaison des images spectrales, l'intensité et la superposition de celles-ci, ainsi que d'autres moyens de traitement d'images; on décrit également un procédé de création d'une image vidéo en temps réel, à accès direct, dans lequel on illumine l'objet à l'aide d'un nombre souhaité de diodes LED dont le rendement est combiné pour donner un faisceau uniforme, coloré spectralement, ainsi que de moyens de traitement de l'image obtenue. De préférence, on produit une image en couleurs à l'aide d'une mémorisation et d'une combinaison électronique de trois images séquentielles, chacune de celles-ci étant illuminée par une des diodes LED rouge, verte et bleue correspondante. On utilise une ou plusieurs diodes LED, le rendement de la lumière étant combiné dans un faisceau coloré uniformément et spectralement aux fins d'illumination de l'objet. Ce système comprend également des moyens d'excitation d'une source de lumière aux fins d'induction d'une fluorescence, ainsi que des moyens susceptibles de détecter et de représenter la chimiluminescence ou la phosphorescence ou tout autre effet induit par une émission de lumière sur l'objet observé.
PCT/EP1995/003159 1994-08-09 1995-08-09 Dispositif d'illumination multispectrale a acces direct destine a un systeme d'imagerie WO1996005693A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU32580/95A AU3258095A (en) 1994-08-09 1995-08-09 Random access multispectral illumination device for an imaging system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL110595 1994-08-09
IL11059594A IL110595A0 (en) 1994-08-09 1994-08-09 A random access multispectral video and illumination system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996005693A1 true WO1996005693A1 (fr) 1996-02-22

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AU (1) AU3258095A (fr)
IL (1) IL110595A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996005693A1 (fr)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000054655A1 (fr) * 1999-03-12 2000-09-21 Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Inc. Systeme d'eclairage multiple variable a diode electroluminescente couleur
DE19943397A1 (de) * 1999-09-10 2001-04-12 Alexander Hohla Verfahren zur Darstellung spektroskopisch ermittelter Daten
EP1114608A1 (fr) * 2000-01-07 2001-07-11 Nidek Co., Ltd. Appareil d'observation de l'oeil comportant un éclairage à correction de couleur et comprenant plusieurs diodes électroluminescentes contrôlées individuellement
US6303916B1 (en) 1998-12-24 2001-10-16 Mitutoyo Corporation Systems and methods for generating reproducible illumination
WO2003022135A3 (fr) * 2001-09-07 2003-08-07 Smith & Nephew Inc Systeme endoscopique a source d'eclairage a semi-conducteurs
EP1430534A1 (fr) * 2001-08-23 2004-06-23 University of Washington Acquisition d'image avec amelioration de la profondeur d'image
US6916286B2 (en) 2001-08-09 2005-07-12 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Endoscope with imaging probe
US6921920B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2005-07-26 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Solid-state light source
US7333189B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2008-02-19 Pentax Corporation Spectroscopic diagnostic methods and system
WO2008082928A1 (fr) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-10 Ge Inspection Technologies, Lp Éclairage pour endoscope
US7404929B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2008-07-29 Newton Laboratories, Inc. Spectroscopic diagnostic methods and system based on scattering of polarized light
WO2009009414A2 (fr) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-15 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Acquisition simultanée de différents types d'images
GB2466089A (en) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-16 Korea Electro Tech Res Inst Endoscope having combined light source and multispectral imaging system
US8140148B2 (en) 1998-01-20 2012-03-20 Boston Scientific Scimed Ltd. Readable probe array for in vivo use
US8253824B2 (en) 2007-10-12 2012-08-28 Microsoft Corporation Multi-spectral imaging
EP2674097A1 (fr) * 2012-06-12 2013-12-18 Karl Storz Endovision, Inc. Dispositif endoscopique incorporant un laser de diode pour PDD, PDT et des applications AF
US20140163319A1 (en) * 2012-07-26 2014-06-12 Olive Medical Corporation Continuous video in a light deficient environment
WO2014143155A1 (fr) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-18 Ventana Medical Systems, Inc. Microscopie améliorée numériquement pour histologie multiplexée
US9343489B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2016-05-17 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Image sensor for endoscopic use
US9462234B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2016-10-04 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Camera system with minimal area monolithic CMOS image sensor
US9516239B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2016-12-06 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. YCBCR pulsed illumination scheme in a light deficient environment
US9641815B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-05-02 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Super resolution and color motion artifact correction in a pulsed color imaging system
US9777913B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-10-03 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Controlling the integral light energy of a laser pulse
US10084944B2 (en) 2014-03-21 2018-09-25 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Card edge connector for an imaging sensor
US10251530B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-04-09 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Scope sensing in a light controlled environment
US10517469B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-12-31 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Image sensor synchronization without input clock and data transmission clock
US10561302B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-02-18 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Viewing trocar with integrated prism for use with angled endoscope
US10750933B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-08-25 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Minimize image sensor I/O and conductor counts in endoscope applications

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Cited By (92)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8140148B2 (en) 1998-01-20 2012-03-20 Boston Scientific Scimed Ltd. Readable probe array for in vivo use
US6303916B1 (en) 1998-12-24 2001-10-16 Mitutoyo Corporation Systems and methods for generating reproducible illumination
AU765137B2 (en) * 1999-03-12 2003-09-11 Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Variable multiple color led illumination system
WO2000054655A1 (fr) * 1999-03-12 2000-09-21 Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Inc. Systeme d'eclairage multiple variable a diode electroluminescente couleur
DE19943397A1 (de) * 1999-09-10 2001-04-12 Alexander Hohla Verfahren zur Darstellung spektroskopisch ermittelter Daten
DE19943397C2 (de) * 1999-09-10 2002-02-07 Alexander Hohla Verfahren zur Darstellung spektroskopisch ermittelter Daten und Verwendung dieses Verfahrens
EP1114608A1 (fr) * 2000-01-07 2001-07-11 Nidek Co., Ltd. Appareil d'observation de l'oeil comportant un éclairage à correction de couleur et comprenant plusieurs diodes électroluminescentes contrôlées individuellement
US6357877B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2002-03-19 Nidek Co., Ltd. Ophthalmic apparatus
US6916286B2 (en) 2001-08-09 2005-07-12 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Endoscope with imaging probe
EP1430534A4 (fr) * 2001-08-23 2009-07-01 Univ Washington Acquisition d'image avec amelioration de la profondeur d'image
EP1430534A1 (fr) * 2001-08-23 2004-06-23 University of Washington Acquisition d'image avec amelioration de la profondeur d'image
US7540645B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2009-06-02 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Solid-state light source
US7345312B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2008-03-18 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Solid-state light source
US6921920B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2005-07-26 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Solid-state light source
US8545077B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2013-10-01 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Solid-state light source
US7959338B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2011-06-14 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Solid-state light source
WO2003022135A3 (fr) * 2001-09-07 2003-08-07 Smith & Nephew Inc Systeme endoscopique a source d'eclairage a semi-conducteurs
JP2005501639A (ja) * 2001-09-07 2005-01-20 スミス アンド ネフュー インコーポレーテッド 固体光源付き内視鏡システム
US7063663B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2006-06-20 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Endoscopic system with a solid-state light source
US6692431B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2004-02-17 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Endoscopic system with a solid-state light source
US7333189B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2008-02-19 Pentax Corporation Spectroscopic diagnostic methods and system
US7404929B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2008-07-29 Newton Laboratories, Inc. Spectroscopic diagnostic methods and system based on scattering of polarized light
US10182708B2 (en) 2002-07-05 2019-01-22 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Simultaneous acquisition of differing image types
US20130033589A1 (en) * 2002-07-05 2013-02-07 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Simultaneous acquisition of differing image types
WO2008082928A1 (fr) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-10 Ge Inspection Technologies, Lp Éclairage pour endoscope
WO2009009414A2 (fr) * 2007-07-06 2009-01-15 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Acquisition simultanée de différents types d'images
WO2009009414A3 (fr) * 2007-07-06 2009-03-19 L Livermore Nat Security Llc Acquisition simultanée de différents types d'images
US8253824B2 (en) 2007-10-12 2012-08-28 Microsoft Corporation Multi-spectral imaging
GB2466089B (en) * 2008-12-10 2011-07-27 Korea Electro Tech Res Inst Apparatus for photodynamic therapy and photodetection
GB2466089A (en) * 2008-12-10 2010-06-16 Korea Electro Tech Res Inst Endoscope having combined light source and multispectral imaging system
US9980633B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2018-05-29 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Image sensor for endoscopic use
US9622650B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2017-04-18 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. System and method for sub-column parallel digitizers for hybrid stacked image sensor using vertical interconnects
US11848337B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2023-12-19 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Image sensor
US11682682B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2023-06-20 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Pixel array area optimization using stacking scheme for hybrid image sensor with minimal vertical interconnects
US11432715B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2022-09-06 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. System and method for sub-column parallel digitizers for hybrid stacked image sensor using vertical interconnects
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