WO1996004784A1 - A system and a method for aquatic production - Google Patents

A system and a method for aquatic production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996004784A1
WO1996004784A1 PCT/DK1995/000325 DK9500325W WO9604784A1 WO 1996004784 A1 WO1996004784 A1 WO 1996004784A1 DK 9500325 W DK9500325 W DK 9500325W WO 9604784 A1 WO9604784 A1 WO 9604784A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
tank
sludge
nitrate
growing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1995/000325
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Knud Fischer
Thomas Ravn Kongerslev
Andreas Villadsen
Original Assignee
Matcon, Rådgivende Ingeniørfirma A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matcon, Rådgivende Ingeniørfirma A/S filed Critical Matcon, Rådgivende Ingeniørfirma A/S
Priority to AU31613/95A priority Critical patent/AU3161395A/en
Publication of WO1996004784A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996004784A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/06—Aerobic processes using submerged filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/22—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of animals, e.g. poultry, fish, or parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for aquatic production comprising a growing tank and recycling circuits for the water of the tank with a mechanical filter for removal of particles from the water, a biofilter for nitrification of ammonia into nitrate, and a device for denitrification of nitrate to free nitrogen, as well as a device for oxygen supply.
  • a system of this type is known from JP-A-5 277 495, which discloses a system, in which the device for denitrification comprises a bed of filter sand with denitrifying bacteria at the bottom of a water tank, the water of which is circulated.
  • the invention further relates to a method for running a system for aquatic production with recycling, in which system water from a growing tank is circulated through a mechanical filter for removal of particles, a biofilter for nitrification of ammonia to nitrate, and oxygen is supplied to the water.
  • system water from a growing tank is circulated through a mechanical filter for removal of particles, a biofilter for nitrification of ammonia to nitrate, and oxygen is supplied to the water.
  • systems for aquatic production such as fish growth
  • the water in the growing tank or tanks is polluted by surplus fish feed, excrements and ammonia, which the fish excrete as a metabolic waste product.
  • the ammonia is toxic for the fish and therefore has to be removed from the water, which in a common growing system with recirculation takes place by means of a biofilter, in which bacteria convert ammonia to nitrate in an aerobic process.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a system and a method for aquatic production, according to which it substantially is not necessary to exchange the growing water, and where the environmental impact is minimal.
  • the device for denitrification comprises a tank with suspended active sludge followed by mechanical equipment for separating water and sludge.
  • the object is further met by means of a method of the type mentioned above, which is characteristic in that the water is further circulated through a tank with suspended active sludge for denitrification of nitrate to free nitrogen and subsequently through a device for mechanical separation of sludge and water.
  • the material filtered off in the mechanical filter is led to the tank with suspended active sludge.
  • the filtered off material which in conventional growing systems has to be disposed of and consequently affects the environment, serves as nutrient for the denitrification process, for which reason the need for disposal of separated material is considerably reduced.
  • the water is led to the tank with suspended active sludge from the biological filter, whereby is obtained that the water which is led to the tank with suspended active sludge is substantially free from oxygen.
  • the invention may be used in connection with water with a salt concentration corresponding to that of fresh water, brackish water or sea water, i.e. 0-3.6% and even up to 5.5%.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a system for fish growth with a recirculation circuit
  • Fig. 2 a second system with a second recirculation circuit.
  • Fig. 1 thus shows a growing system comprising a conventional system, the components of which are connected with pipes, which are shown with fully drawn lines, and an extension according to the invention, which is connected with the conventional part by means of pipes shown as broken lines.
  • the conventional part comprises one (or more) growing tanks 1, a mechanical filter 3, a biofilter, here in the shape of two parallelly disposed filters 6, 7, an oxygen supply device 8 with air supply 8A and a possible disinfection device 9.
  • the growing tank 1, the mechanical filter 3, the biofilters 6, 7 and the oxygen supply device 8 are connected by means of pipes 2, 4, and 12, the pipe 4 comprising a pump sump for a circulation pump 5.
  • the system comprises an anoxic tank 10, to which a variable partial current may be led from the biological filters 6, 7 through a pipe 11 instead of being led directly through the pipe 12 to the oxygen supply device 8.
  • the anoxic tank 10 contains suspended active sludge which is kept in suspension by means of a stirrer 13. From the anoxic tank 10 pipes lead to two parallelly driven settling tanks 14, 15, from which overflows 16, 17 lead back to the main stream from the biofilters 6, 7 and to the oxygen supply device 8.
  • the circulation pump 5 By means of the circulation pump 5 the filtered water is pumped through the biofilters 6, 7 and therefrom the main flow is led through the pipe 12 to the oxygen supply device 8.
  • a variable partial current is led to the anoxic tank 10 which contains suspended active sludge, in which a denitrification takes place, nitrate (NO.,) being transformed into free nitrogen (N 2 ) .
  • a prerequisite for the success of this process is that free oxygen is substantially not present in the anoxic tank. In some cases it has turned out that the amount of organic material, which is supplied from the filter 3 in form of filtered off feed remnants and excrements, etc. is not sufficient for ensuring complete exhaust of the oxygen present.
  • the suspended sludge in the anoxic tank 10 has in the example described been produced by means of microorganisms from the environment, which during the operation of the system has formed a colony in the tank 10, as the right conditions prevailed, i.e. nitrate and organic carbon were present, but on the whole no free oxygen.
  • the biofilters 6, 7 do in the example contain a matrix of a plastics material, on the surface of which nitrifying bacteria deposit during the operation of the system. These are for instance Nitrosomona ⁇ and Nitrobakter. A nitrification takes place in the biological filters 6, 7, ammonia being converted into nitrate. This process is pH-dependent and a pH above 8 is therefore aimed at.
  • the biofilters 6, 7 are cleaned like in conventional systems from time to time (for instance by blowing in air 24) , and the separated sludge is led through a pipe 25 to the mechanical filter 3 to end up in the anoxic tank 10, where it takes part in the current process.
  • sea water operation Apart from the operation described above with fresh water, the inventors have performed sea water operation.
  • a salt concentration of 3.6% is used and a starting culture is introduced in the system, said culture comprising a mixture of salt-tolerant, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria.
  • the system has turned out surprisingly to function satisfactorily with sea water operation without a feared development of H.S, which is very toxic to fish.
  • Fig. 2 shows in a schematic diagram a modification of the system according to Fig. 1.
  • all the water, which through the anoxic tank 10 is recycled from the growing tank 1, is cleansing water from cleaning of the mechanical filter 3.
  • a pipe 26 with a pump 27 has been introduced between the pump sump 4 and the pipe 12 in such a way that it is possible to lead only part of the water filtered off in the mechanical filter 3 through the biofilters 6, 7.
  • Two different circuit configurations have been shown and described, but it is to be understood that several others are possible.
  • a system for aquatic production comprising a growing tank (1) and recycling circuits for the water of the tank with a mechanical filter (3) for removal of particles from the water, a biofilter (6, 7) for nitrification of ammonia into nitrate, and a device (10, 14, 15) for denitrification of nitrate to free nitrogen, as well as a device for oxygen supply, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the device for denitrification comprises a tank (10) with suspended active sludge followed by a device (14, 15) for mechanical separation of sludge and water.
  • a method of running a system for aquatic production with recycling in which system water from a growing tank (1) is circulated through a mechanical filter (3) for removal of particles, a biological filter (6, 7) for nitrification of ammonia to nitrate, and oxygen is supplied to the water, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the water is further circulated through a tank (10) with suspended active sludge for denitrification of nitrate to free nitrogen and subsequently through a device for mechanical separation of sludge and water.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The system comprises a growing tank (1) and recycling circuits for the water of the tank with a mechanical filter (3) for removal of particles from the water, a biofilter (6, 7) for nitrification of ammonia to nitrate, a device for oxygen supply (8), and a device (10, 14, 15) for denitrification of nitrate to free nitrogen comprising a tank (10) with suspended active sludge followed by a device (14, 15) for mechanical separation of sludge and water.

Description

A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR AQUATIC PRODUCTION
The present invention relates to a system for aquatic production comprising a growing tank and recycling circuits for the water of the tank with a mechanical filter for removal of particles from the water, a biofilter for nitrification of ammonia into nitrate, and a device for denitrification of nitrate to free nitrogen, as well as a device for oxygen supply. A system of this type is known from JP-A-5 277 495, which discloses a system, in which the device for denitrification comprises a bed of filter sand with denitrifying bacteria at the bottom of a water tank, the water of which is circulated.
The invention further relates to a method for running a system for aquatic production with recycling, in which system water from a growing tank is circulated through a mechanical filter for removal of particles, a biofilter for nitrification of ammonia to nitrate, and oxygen is supplied to the water. In systems for aquatic production, such as fish growth, the water in the growing tank or tanks is polluted by surplus fish feed, excrements and ammonia, which the fish excrete as a metabolic waste product. The ammonia is toxic for the fish and therefore has to be removed from the water, which in a common growing system with recirculation takes place by means of a biofilter, in which bacteria convert ammonia to nitrate in an aerobic process.
It is, however, necessary to remove the nitrate created in the biofilter from the water in order not to get an accumulation thereof in the water, and in conventional systems this nitrate is currently removed by changing part of the water.
As the process in a biological filter is oxygen consuming, the water is normally subjected to aeration before it is taken back to the growing tank, just as the water usually is disinfected by means of UV- rays and/or addition of ozone to part of the recycled water. The exchange of water in order to get rid of the nitrate and other waste products is a substantial problem when running a growing system, partly because the accumulated waste products constitute a threat to the environment, partly because a huge amount of water is required.
The object of the invention is to provide a system and a method for aquatic production, according to which it substantially is not necessary to exchange the growing water, and where the environmental impact is minimal.
This object is met by means of a system of the type mentioned by way of introduction, said method being characteristic in that the device for denitrification comprises a tank with suspended active sludge followed by mechanical equipment for separating water and sludge.
The object is further met by means of a method of the type mentioned above, which is characteristic in that the water is further circulated through a tank with suspended active sludge for denitrification of nitrate to free nitrogen and subsequently through a device for mechanical separation of sludge and water.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention the material filtered off in the mechanical filter is led to the tank with suspended active sludge. Hereby is obtained that the filtered off material which in conventional growing systems has to be disposed of and consequently affects the environment, serves as nutrient for the denitrification process, for which reason the need for disposal of separated material is considerably reduced. In a further embodiment the water is led to the tank with suspended active sludge from the biological filter, whereby is obtained that the water which is led to the tank with suspended active sludge is substantially free from oxygen. The invention may be used in connection with water with a salt concentration corresponding to that of fresh water, brackish water or sea water, i.e. 0-3.6% and even up to 5.5%.
It has surprisingly turned out to be possible to use suspended active sludge for the denitrification and subsequently to precipitate the sludge to such an extent that fish may subsequently thrive in the water. By using suspended active sludge for the denitrification it becomes possible to carry on this process continuously, as there is no solid filter mass to be cleaned or regenerated from time to time. The invention will be described in detail in the following by means of embodiments with reference to the drawing, in which
Fig. 1 schematically shows a system for fish growth with a recirculation circuit, and Fig. 2 a second system with a second recirculation circuit.
Fig. 1 thus shows a growing system comprising a conventional system, the components of which are connected with pipes, which are shown with fully drawn lines, and an extension according to the invention, which is connected with the conventional part by means of pipes shown as broken lines.
The conventional part comprises one (or more) growing tanks 1, a mechanical filter 3, a biofilter, here in the shape of two parallelly disposed filters 6, 7, an oxygen supply device 8 with air supply 8A and a possible disinfection device 9. The growing tank 1, the mechanical filter 3, the biofilters 6, 7 and the oxygen supply device 8 are connected by means of pipes 2, 4, and 12, the pipe 4 comprising a pump sump for a circulation pump 5.
As something new the system comprises an anoxic tank 10, to which a variable partial current may be led from the biological filters 6, 7 through a pipe 11 instead of being led directly through the pipe 12 to the oxygen supply device 8. The anoxic tank 10 contains suspended active sludge which is kept in suspension by means of a stirrer 13. From the anoxic tank 10 pipes lead to two parallelly driven settling tanks 14, 15, from which overflows 16, 17 lead back to the main stream from the biofilters 6, 7 and to the oxygen supply device 8.
Moreover, a common container 18, which in the drawing is just shown as a pipe, is provided. Sedimentary sludge is led to this common container 18 from the sedimentation tanks 14, 15 through pipes 19, 20, and to the common container 18 also rinsing water from rinsing of the mechanical filter 3 is led. Water, sludge and material filtered off by the mechanical filter 3 are by means of a pump 21 pumped to the anoxic tank 10 through a pipe 22.
During operation water is recycled from the growing tank 1 through the pipe 2 to the mechanical filter 3 and further on to the pump sump 4. The mechanical filter is to be rinsed now and again, and the cleansing water is taken from the pump sump 4 and led together with the material filtered off to the drainage tank 18.
By means of the circulation pump 5 the filtered water is pumped through the biofilters 6, 7 and therefrom the main flow is led through the pipe 12 to the oxygen supply device 8. A variable partial current is led to the anoxic tank 10 which contains suspended active sludge, in which a denitrification takes place, nitrate (NO.,) being transformed into free nitrogen (N2) . A prerequisite for the success of this process is that free oxygen is substantially not present in the anoxic tank. In some cases it has turned out that the amount of organic material, which is supplied from the filter 3 in form of filtered off feed remnants and excrements, etc. is not sufficient for ensuring complete exhaust of the oxygen present. Therefore, additional organic material, for instance sugar, is added, partly to reduce the oxygen contents, partly to establish the carbon source necessary for nourishing the denitrification process. Water with part of the sludge is led from the anoxic tank to the settling tanks 14, 15, in which the sludge is deposited and brought through the pipes 19, 20 to the common tank 18, from where it is pumped back to the anoxic tank 10. The defecated water is led through the overflow pipes 16, 17 back to the main flow and to the aeration container 8. During the process in the anoxic tank 10 a sludge is created, for which reason excess sludge is removed through the bottom of the tank 10 as shown by the arrow 23 and removed from the system.
The suspended sludge in the anoxic tank 10 has in the example described been produced by means of microorganisms from the environment, which during the operation of the system has formed a colony in the tank 10, as the right conditions prevailed, i.e. nitrate and organic carbon were present, but on the whole no free oxygen.
The biofilters 6, 7 do in the example contain a matrix of a plastics material, on the surface of which nitrifying bacteria deposit during the operation of the system. These are for instance Nitrosomonaε and Nitrobakter. A nitrification takes place in the biological filters 6, 7, ammonia being converted into nitrate. This process is pH-dependent and a pH above 8 is therefore aimed at.
This is in conventional systems made by means of a necessary addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO.) . This addition of calcium carbonate has surprisingly turned out to be superfluous in the system described, because the denitrifying process apparently establishes an alkalinity which corresponds to the one consumed by the nitrifying process.
The biofilters 6, 7 are cleaned like in conventional systems from time to time (for instance by blowing in air 24) , and the separated sludge is led through a pipe 25 to the mechanical filter 3 to end up in the anoxic tank 10, where it takes part in the current process.
Apart from the operation described above with fresh water, the inventors have performed sea water operation. In the sea water operation for instance a salt concentration of 3.6% is used and a starting culture is introduced in the system, said culture comprising a mixture of salt-tolerant, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. The system has turned out surprisingly to function satisfactorily with sea water operation without a feared development of H.S, which is very toxic to fish.
Fig. 2 shows in a schematic diagram a modification of the system according to Fig. 1. In the system shown in Fig. 2 all the water, which through the anoxic tank 10 is recycled from the growing tank 1, is cleansing water from cleaning of the mechanical filter 3. Furthermore, a pipe 26 with a pump 27 has been introduced between the pump sump 4 and the pipe 12 in such a way that it is possible to lead only part of the water filtered off in the mechanical filter 3 through the biofilters 6, 7. Two different circuit configurations have been shown and described, but it is to be understood that several others are possible.
C L A I M S
1. A system for aquatic production comprising a growing tank (1) and recycling circuits for the water of the tank with a mechanical filter (3) for removal of particles from the water, a biofilter (6, 7) for nitrification of ammonia into nitrate, and a device (10, 14, 15) for denitrification of nitrate to free nitrogen, as well as a device for oxygen supply, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the device for denitrification comprises a tank (10) with suspended active sludge followed by a device (14, 15) for mechanical separation of sludge and water.
2. A system according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the device (10, 14, 15) for denitrification is connected with the biological filter (6, 7) in series after the biological filter.
3. A method of running a system for aquatic production with recycling, in which system water from a growing tank (1) is circulated through a mechanical filter (3) for removal of particles, a biological filter (6, 7) for nitrification of ammonia to nitrate, and oxygen is supplied to the water, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the water is further circulated through a tank (10) with suspended active sludge for denitrification of nitrate to free nitrogen and subsequently through a device for mechanical separation of sludge and water.
4. A method according to claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the material filtered off in the mechanical filter is led to the tank (10) with suspended active sludge.
5. A method according to claims 3 and 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sludge separated in the device (14, 15) for separating sludge and water is returned to the tank (10) with suspended active sludge.
6. A method according to claims 3-5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the water is led to the tank (10) with suspended active sludge from the biological filter (6, 7) .
7. A method according to claims 3-6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that carbonaceous, organic material, for instance sugar, is added to the tank (10) with suspended active sludge.
8. A method according to claims 3-7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the water has a salt concentration (Nail) of 0-5.5%, preferably 0-3.6%.
PCT/DK1995/000325 1994-08-12 1995-08-10 A system and a method for aquatic production WO1996004784A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU31613/95A AU3161395A (en) 1994-08-12 1995-08-10 A system and a method for aquatic production

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK0935/94 1994-08-12
DK93594A DK93594A (en) 1994-08-12 1994-08-12 Plant and method for aquatic production

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WO1996004784A1 true WO1996004784A1 (en) 1996-02-22

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005033019A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-04-14 O.K. Technologies, Llc Autotrofic sulfur denitration chamber and calcium reactor
DE102007026538A1 (en) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-11 Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau Gmbh Rearing plant for saltwater fish
US7481935B2 (en) 2003-10-03 2009-01-27 Laurent Olivier Waste water treatment process
DE102012012259B3 (en) * 2012-06-22 2013-08-14 Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau Gmbh Process and installation for purifying water in a closed aquaculture facility
WO2021246342A1 (en) * 2020-06-01 2021-12-09 日本施設株式会社 Filter device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109548726A (en) * 2018-11-12 2019-04-02 曹威 A kind of aquaculture device being convenient to clean accumulation excreta

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005033019A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-04-14 O.K. Technologies, Llc Autotrofic sulfur denitration chamber and calcium reactor
US7025883B1 (en) 2003-09-30 2006-04-11 Ok Technologies, Llc Autotrofic sulfur denitration chamber and calcium reactor
US7244356B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2007-07-17 Laurent Olivier Autotrofic sulfur denitration chamber and calcium reactor
US7442306B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2008-10-28 Laurent Olivier Autotrofic sulfur denitration chamber and calcium reactor
US7731163B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2010-06-08 Laurent Olivier Mixing eductor
US7481935B2 (en) 2003-10-03 2009-01-27 Laurent Olivier Waste water treatment process
DE102007026538A1 (en) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-11 Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau Gmbh Rearing plant for saltwater fish
DE102012012259B3 (en) * 2012-06-22 2013-08-14 Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau Gmbh Process and installation for purifying water in a closed aquaculture facility
EP2676935A1 (en) 2012-06-22 2013-12-25 Erwin Sander Elektroapparatebau Gmbh Method and plant for purification of water in a closed aquaculture system
WO2021246342A1 (en) * 2020-06-01 2021-12-09 日本施設株式会社 Filter device

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AU3161395A (en) 1996-03-07
DK93594A (en) 1996-04-02

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