WO1995033333A1 - Procede de balayage pour une camera de television a haute resolution et a haute vitesse - Google Patents

Procede de balayage pour une camera de television a haute resolution et a haute vitesse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995033333A1
WO1995033333A1 PCT/US1995/006483 US9506483W WO9533333A1 WO 1995033333 A1 WO1995033333 A1 WO 1995033333A1 US 9506483 W US9506483 W US 9506483W WO 9533333 A1 WO9533333 A1 WO 9533333A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reflector
line
registers
register
lines
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/006483
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
François M. MOTTIER
Original Assignee
United Technologies Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United Technologies Corporation filed Critical United Technologies Corporation
Publication of WO1995033333A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995033333A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/40—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
    • H04N25/44—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array
    • H04N25/445—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array by skipping some contiguous pixels within the read portion of the array
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/785—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system
    • G01S3/786—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
    • G01S3/7864—T.V. type tracking systems

Definitions

  • PCT/US95/06483 (81) Designated States: P, European patent (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE).
  • a method for increasing the vertical scan rate in a video scanning system for example a reflector-based motion measurement system.
  • a certain plurality of scan lines is pre-selected from among the full number of horizontal lines constitituting a TV field.
  • the period between successive video scans is greatly reduced by reading only those lines which were pre-selected, and skipping the remainder.
  • the results of each reading of a horizontal scan line are used to pre-select the horizontal scan lines for the next vertical scan.
  • GA Gabon selection of the lines for the next vertical scan For reflectors showing an upward velocity, only the preceding line is selected, while downward moving reflectors initiate pre-selection of the succeeding scan line.
  • the system and method according to the present invention thus makes possible a high resolution, high scan rate system which may be assembled, in part, from readily available video components, thereby reducing overall system costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic of a subject monitored by a TV camera or the like.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a video- output image of a subject.
  • Figure 3 is a detail of the video output image of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is the image of Figure 2 wherein only the preselected video scan lines are displayed.
  • Figure 5a is a logic diagram representing a portion of one implementation of the method according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5b is a logic diagram representing a portion of one implementation of the method according to the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows certain components of a system for monitoring the motion of various components of a subject 10.
  • the subject 10 includes a plurality of individual reflectors or other video targets or markers 12-22 typically affixed to those locations, i.e. joints, limbs, etc., for which there is a particular interest or utility in monitoring the displacement and motion thereof.
  • the pulsed illumination source 25a, 25b illuminates the subject 10 and gives rise to bright highlights on the reflectors 12-22.
  • a scan of the subject 10 involves the measurement of the charge condition of each subdividable part oi the video imaging device 30.
  • the image 110 displayed on the output device, or screen 32 includes images 112- 122 of the individual reflectors 12-22.
  • Light filter 27 eliminates all image elements except for the reflected light from the reflectors 12-22.
  • Reflector based motion measuring systems achieve extremely accurate spatial determination of individual markers despite the fact that an individual marker may only span 3 horizontal scan lines. This is achieved by computing the location of the reflector based on the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the reflector perimeter. For each reflector spanning three horizontal lines, the video imaging system determines the location of six points on the reflector periphery. These six loci provide more than enough information for the motion measuring system to accurately calculate the location of the center of the reflector.
  • Figure 3 shows a detail of reflector image 114.
  • Each reflector image spans three to four adjacent horizontal scan lines 42-46 as shown in Figure 3.
  • the present invention provides a method for determining which horizontal scan lines are to be selected and transmitted to the motion monitoring system, and which are to be ignored or discarded in succeeding vertical scans. The amount of information thus transferred between the TV camera 24 and the monitoring system for each overall field scanned is thus reduced, thereby permitting successive field scans to be initiated at an increased rate as compared to the prior art.
  • a plurality of horizontal scan lines are preselected prior to the initiation of a field scan.
  • each horizontal scan line is compared to a corresponding register in a counter.
  • Each register contains a logical value identifying the corresponding horizontal scan line as being either .SELECTED, or .NOT SELECTED.
  • the video information for the entire line group of pixels is sent to the motion monitoring system, while the information from the horizontal scan lines whose corresponding registers containing the value .NOT SELECTED, are ignored or discarded.
  • the information from the pixels of the .SELECTED, lines is examined for the occurrence of information or other indications of the presence of a reflector within that portion of the scanned field corresponding to that line.
  • the method according to the present invention causes the value .SELECTED, to be entered in the counter registers corresponding to the preceding, corresponding, and succeeding scan lines for the next succeeding field scan.
  • FIG. 5a shows a portion of the logic diagram wherein successive field scans are enumerated n and individual lines of each scan are enumerated i .
  • the output 58 is also monitored 60 for the occurrence of a reflector. If a portion of a reflector did occur in one of the pixel locations of line t, the registers for the next scan, n+1 , for the preceding, i -1 , corresponding, Z, and succeeding, £+1 , lines are all set equal to .SELECTED. The line number is increased by one 64 and the process repeated for all lines t in the scan n.
  • decision block 54 If the answer, however, in decision block 54 was that register n, did not contain a value equal to .SELECTED., the line number is simply incremented by one 64 and the process is repeated. In the event line t did not include a video signature indicating the presence of a reflector, decision block 60 is answered NO and the line number incremented 64 without setting any of the counter registers to .SELECTED.
  • the actual hardware used for the counter may be a variety of logical devices which have the ability to receive and transmit the logical values of .SELECTED, or .NOT SELECTED, (or, equivalently, 1 or 0) for the subsequent vertical scan(s) .
  • One method which may be used in the event the subject 10 is present within the defined field at the initiation of the scanning procedure is to initialize all counter registers for the initial scan with the value of .SELECTED.
  • the first scan although much slower than the succeeding scans in which only a portion of the horizontal lines are selected, provides an initialization scan which accurately and completely determines the location of each reflector within the defined field.
  • Another method wherein the subject is present and motionless within the defined field at the outset of the scanning procedure is to initialize every third counter register for the initial scan with a value of .SELECTED.
  • the first field scan will encounter each reflector present within the defined field, although it will require at least two additional scans before full resolution and motion capture may be achieved.
  • a system of capturing the position of the individual reflectors as they re-enter the defined field may be used. Such a procedure requires the examination of at least a portion of the pixels bordering the defined field.
  • the first, last, or first and last pixel(s) of each scanned line may be reviewed regardless whether or not the line has been preselected, for the purpose of determining whether or not a reflector has just entered the defined field at that border.
  • the first and last horizontal lines of the field may be examined fully in the event the reflector has entered vertically.
  • Initialization for such border monitoring systems may be achieved by starting the motion monitoring procedure with the subject out of the field, and then either panning the video camera 24 or having the subject move into the defined field thereby causing the position of the individual reflectors to be detected as they pass through the locations corresponding to the border pixels.
  • a still further increase in vertical scan rate may be achieved by reducing the number of lines selected which do not currently correspond to the location of a reflector. These lines precede or succeed the lines in which the reflector was last detected, and are examined in the implementation described above in order to detect movement of the reflector.
  • the preceding (or succeeding) counter register for the n+1 scan is set to .SELECT, only if the motion measuring system has determined that the reflector has an upward (or downward) velocity. It is therefore possible to further reduce the number of lines scanned, enhancing the scan rate even further.
  • the logic diagram shown in Figure 5b illustrates the steps 60a, b, c and 62a, b, c necessary to achieve this alternate implementation. Steps 60a and 62a contain the logic for setting the register corresponding to line i of the n+1 scan to .SELECT, in the event line I of this n scan included a reflector.
  • Steps 60b and 60c query the motion measuring system regarding the vertical velocity of the reflector.
  • register (n+2) M is set to .SELECT, by block 62b, if the reflector is moving downward, block 62c sets register (n+1) t+1 to .SELECT.
  • Successive scan rates on the order of 180 Hz or higher may be achieved for typical systems using 25 reflectors and 256 vertical scanned lines in and otherwise standard video format camera and video imaging device. As will be appreciated, in the event several reflectors are located on the same horizontal scan lines, the rate of successive field scans will be increased even further. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, this invention as described above may be embodied in a variety of equivalent arrangement.
  • the two dimensional embodiment described herein may be made three dimensional by this addition of one or more video cameras.
  • the reflectors may equivalently be luminous targets, dark patches in an otherwise bright field, etc.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé permettant d'augmenter la vitesse de balayage vertical dans un système de balayage vidéo, par exemple un système de mesure de mouvement basé sur réflecteur, est décrit. Selon le procédé, une certaine quantité de lignes de balayage est présélectionnée parmi la totalité des lignes horizontales constituant un champ TV. La période entre les balayages vidéo successifs est considérablement réduite en lisant uniquement les lignes qui ont été présélectionnées et en sautant les autres. Les résultats de chaque lecture d'une ligne de balayage horizontal sont utilisés pour présélectionner les lignes de balayage horizontal pour le balayage vertical suivant.
PCT/US1995/006483 1994-05-26 1995-05-23 Procede de balayage pour une camera de television a haute resolution et a haute vitesse WO1995033333A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24949194A 1994-05-26 1994-05-26
US249,491 1994-05-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995033333A1 true WO1995033333A1 (fr) 1995-12-07

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0792062A3 (fr) * 1996-02-22 1998-09-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de conversion photoélectrique et méthode de commande associée
US6690493B1 (en) 1996-02-22 2004-02-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Photoelectric conversion device and driving method therefor

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0236157A1 (fr) * 1986-01-24 1987-09-09 Thomson-Csf Système de lecture rapide d'un capteur optique matriciel à transfert de charges organisé en transfert de trame monocoup pour la détection vidéo d'images brèves
EP0447712A2 (fr) * 1990-03-22 1991-09-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Oh-Yoh Keisoku Kenkyusho Système d'analyse/conseil du mouvement
US5146340A (en) * 1991-06-17 1992-09-08 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Image data reading and processing apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0236157A1 (fr) * 1986-01-24 1987-09-09 Thomson-Csf Système de lecture rapide d'un capteur optique matriciel à transfert de charges organisé en transfert de trame monocoup pour la détection vidéo d'images brèves
EP0447712A2 (fr) * 1990-03-22 1991-09-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Oh-Yoh Keisoku Kenkyusho Système d'analyse/conseil du mouvement
US5146340A (en) * 1991-06-17 1992-09-08 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Image data reading and processing apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SMITH J S ET AL: "A HIGH-SPEED IMAGE ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR ROBOTICS", TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL, vol. 14, no. 4, 1 January 1992 (1992-01-01), pages 196 - 203, XP000319911 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0792062A3 (fr) * 1996-02-22 1998-09-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de conversion photoélectrique et méthode de commande associée
US6163386A (en) * 1996-02-22 2000-12-19 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Photoelectric conversion device and driving method therefor
KR100289481B1 (ko) * 1996-02-22 2001-06-01 미다라이 후지오 광전 변환 장치 및 그 구동 방법
US6690493B1 (en) 1996-02-22 2004-02-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Photoelectric conversion device and driving method therefor

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