WO1995029212A1

WO1995029212A1 - Recycling device with combination of unsorted industrial and/or domestic and/or urban wastes using two reversed thermoelectric converters

Info

Publication number: WO1995029212A1
Application number: PCT/FR1995/000491
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean-François DEVEAU; Philippe Deveau; Pierre Alexandre Deveau
Original assignee: Deveau Jean Francois; Philippe Deveau; Pierre Alexandre Deveau
Priority date: 1994-04-25
Filing date: 1995-04-14
Publication date: 1995-11-02
Also published as: FR2718984A1; AU2348195A; FR2718984B1

Abstract

The disclosed device, which uses thermolysis between 450 °C and 650 °C, is controlled by means of an expert system which optimizes the combinations of incoming products so as to regulate the production of output electricity and power. The device is characterized in that tyres are introduced whole with a view to their combined recycling with other wastes.

Description

RECOVERY DEVICE

BY COMBINATION OF WASTE

INDUSTRIAL AND / OR HOUSEHOLD AND / OR URBAN

NOT SORTED USING TWO CONVERTERS

INVERTED THERMOELECTRICS

The invention relates to a process for treating industrial and / or household and / or urban and / or hospital waste that is not sorted by means of thermoelectric reverse converters connected in series. It will find its application in the recovery of industrial and / or household and / or urban and / or hospital waste as well as in the recovery of heterogeneous materials with calorific value disseminated in material without calorific value. Since the dawn of humanity, man has made charcoal. Later, he realized that this charcoal was particularly active in many fields: metallurgy, explosives, treatment of liquids and gases. The production of charcoal is in fact a thermolysis operation, that is to say a distillation in a reducing medium, that is to say still a distillation in the absence of oxygen. One of the properties of charcoal is that it is a very active anti-pollutant for liquids and gases.

WEMPIACEMEMT (RULE 26)

SHEET The invention is based on this well known property, by the creation of nascent coal from industrial and / or household and / or urban and / or hospital waste. These coals are often called thermolysis coke.

Thermolysis (also called pyrolysis) on industrial and / or household and / or urban and / or hospital waste as well as on heterogeneous materials with disseminated calorific value generally produces three phases: the first gas, the second liquid and the third solid .

To be credible, an installation based on our invention must be non-polluting for the environment, safe with regard to operation, profitable from an economic point of view.

Three of the aims of the present invention are to be non-polluting, to be safe, to be profitable.

One of the aims of the present invention is to provide a treatment installation method which allows semi-continuous treatment of waste or materials, by electrically regulating operating ranges, so as to have safe operation in temperature and pressure.

One of the aims of the present invention is to have only two phases in the products obtained: a gas phase and a solid phase.

One of the aims of the invention is to remove the liquid phase, most often oils or tars, which have been responsible for accidents in the past by obstructing orifices or pipes.

Another object of the invention is to immediately use the gas phase in a heat engine or in a gas turbine so as to produce electricity. One of the aims of the invention is to sell part of the electricity to make the system profitable while the other is used in a first group of thermoelectric converters intended to ensure pyrolysis. One of the aims of the invention is to be able to store the solid part, so that it, formed of carbonaceous materials or not, can be used a posteriori without damage to the environment.

One of the aims of the process described in the invention is to reject into the atmosphere only gaseous products purified by percolation through incipient or stored carbon products.

One of the aims of the process is not to exceed the temperature above which polluting or stable compounds are created.

Other advantages will be highlighted during the description which is provided only as an indication without aiming to limit the invention.

According to the present invention, the process or installation for treating industrial and / or urban and / or household and / or hospital waste and / or materials with disseminated calorific value is characterized by the facts: - the products to be treated are not dehydrated so as to lose nothing of their gaseous phase;

- the products are systematically ground except in the case of industrial products with an axis of symmetry such as tires;

- the ground products are then compacted in the form of parallelepipeds; if they are associated with pneumatics, the latter are filled with crushed products and stacked on top of each other; the products ground inside and outside of the stacked tires, completing the load so as to give a compressed parallelepiped.

- The products to be treated are advantageously combined in such a way that the pollutants produced by each give, after combination, a product which is not harmful but energetic. Thus the excess hydrogen given by the household ordu¬ associated with the surplus carbon in the old tires advantageously gives methane and various hydrocarbons. The predicate of the result being calculated by an expert simulator system when loading the compressed parallelepeeds.

The present installation process has the advantage of carrying out a thermolysis reaction between 450 ° C. and 650 ° C., in an electrically heated enclosure, thermally insulated and controlled in pressure and temperature.

According to the present invention, the gaseous products are not separated; these are allowed to percolate in the emerging charcoals which trap the polluting elements in order to use them in a thermoelectric converter (motor or turbine).

The installation allowing the implementation of the invention comprises at least: - a grinder in order to lacerate or shred everything that is not pneumatic,

- an input compactor which makes parallel plugs,

- an entry airlock into which each plug is pushed,

- a fixed thermolysis reactor, composed of an electrically heated, thermally insulated enclosure, controlled in temperature and pressure, which constitutes the first thermoelectric converter, - a second converter supplied by the purified thermolysis gases, which is a turbine with gas or a heat engine driving an electric generator,

- an outlet airlock allowing the extraction of carbon products, - an outlet pit for carbon products in which they are dehalogenated by washing with water,

- a storage and shipping area for carbon products, - equipment for recycling halogen-laden water,

- a set of hardware and software serving as an expert system simulating the thermolysis reactor, making it possible to anticipate the settings and conduct of the two reverse thermoelectric vertisseurs mounted in series.

Figures 1, 2 illustrate and detail the invention.

In Figure 1: (1) represents the waste,

(2) the crusher,

(3) shreds,

(4) tires (if applicable),

(5) tires and compacted shredded material, (6) the first electrical / thermal converter,

(7) the outlet of the purified gases,

(8) the entry / exit airlocks,

(9) waste coals,

(10) the purified gas ballast, (11) the second thermal / electric converter,

(12) the electrical network,

(13) the expert simulator system, In Figure 2:

(21) represents the first thermal electrical converter,

(22) the entrance airlock of the thermolysis chamber,

(23) the exit airlock of the thermolysis chamber,

(25) electrical resistances,

(26) insulation, (27) temperature probes,

(28) pressure sensors,

(29) the lower part and the cylinder of the exit airlock,

(30) the upper part and the cylinder of the exit airlock. (34) a compacting cylinder,

(35) a second compacting cylinder,

(36) an airlock cylinder,

(37) the shredder, (41) the hardware and software package,

(42) the simulator keyboard,

(43) the simulator screen,

(44) the expert simulator system,

(45) the control system of the simulator enclosure.

The invention constitutes a process for recovering waste in a non-polluting and economical manner since the reduction to two phases, one gaseous directly and immediately used to produce electricity, a small part of which is consumed to produce the thermolysis reaction while the rest is sold, the other solid, formed of carbonaceous solids easily recoverable to be burned in an oven and remunerated according to the value of their calorific power, allows the best use to be made of each of the components.

After grinding of unsorted waste (2), (37), the crushed waste is compacted with pneumatic tires and then introduced via an airlock (8), into the inlet of the first electrical thermal converter . This enclosure is heated by the resistors (25).

Thermolysis is triggered in this case by the rise in temperature. Thermolysis is maintained

WILEDEREMPLACEMENT (RULE26) by resistance heating (25). The temperature is regulated between 450 ° C and 650 ° C (45). The pressure is very slightly higher than atmospheric pressure so as to counterbalance only the pressure losses of the pipes or airlocks (8) leading to the electricity generators (12).

Before each introduction into the airlock, the expert simulator system (44) evolves as a function of the weight, of the PCI of the new loads, the optimal time of introduction of a new waste shipment into the converter

(21). This expert simulator system regulates the output of electrical energy in advance.

If the gases are exploited immediately, the carbonaceous solids are then recovered after dehalogenation while the metals are sorted by magnetism for ferrous metals, by eddy current for non-ferrous metals.

In turn, the carbonaceous solids can be inci¬ nerated in a molten ash oven, which makes it possible to trap the polluting elements either by filtration or by inclusion in the glass matrices of the solidified molten residues, all producing heat and electricity.

It should be noted that in the case of components releasing acids during thermolysis, it suffices to add powdered calcium monoxide (CaO) to the input grinds. The mass of basic element to be added is calculated automatically by the expert simulator system.

It should also be noted that the exhaust gases from the second converter see their energy used to dry the carbonaceous solids while the water of condensation of these gases is used to dehalogenate the carbonaceous solids (F, Cl, BR, I).

Claims

1) system constituting a recovery process and installation by combining unsorted industrial and / or household and / or urban and / or hospital waste characterized by the coupling of two reverse thermoelectric converters mounted in tandem and controlled by a expert simulator system, optimizing waste combinations.

2) System according to claim 1, characterized by the cracking of the molecules constituting the waste between 450 ° C 650 ° C in a first electrical converter thermi¬ that by means of an electric heating device without prior drying operation, after a simple grinding waste with the exception of tires which remain whole to promote warming up. 3) System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two phases are obtained, one of which is easily recoverable solid (the metals being sorted magnetically for scrap, by eddy current for non-ferrous), and carbonaceous solids dehalogenated before being made available to the market (cement factories or briquettes, or balls) or storable, the other gaseous immediately usable to produce electricity. 4) System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermolysis gases after having percolated in the emerging coal in order to abandon halogens and heavy metals therein and to be thus purified, feed a second thermal converter / element. stick (gas turbine and / or gas engine / electric generator) whose supplied electricity supplies the grinder and the first converter while the remainder is sold. 5) System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a stationary thermolysis furnace which advantage and simplifies the process, in particular the construction of the carefully insulated airlocks which allow the attempt to fully exploit all the constituents of the waste containing calorific value without there ever being pollutants released into the atmosphere.

6) System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixture or combination of waste / whole tires advantage the process insofar as the excess hydrogen of the waste is neutralized by the excess of carbon due to the tires .

7) System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by an expert simulator system which controls and regulates all of the two converters by means of control chains which control the temperature, the pressure and the efficiency of the installation by anticipating on the conduct of the installation, making thus thanks to the all-electric control of the installation, the operation is particularly safe; gases passing the minimum time between their creation, their concomitant purification at their creation in thermolysis coke and their use.

8) System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust gases from the second converter are also used to participate in the heating and drying of the carbon products while the water which they contain is used after condensation to dehalogenate (F, Cl, Br, I) thermolysis cokes.

9) System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sorted carbon solids can be advantageously incinerated in a molten ash oven, the pollutants then being either filtered or included in the matrices of molten and vitrified residues while still producing heat and electricity. 10) System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tires are introduced whole laid flat and stacked, which advantageously reduces the cost of their elimination.

SHEET ^: REPLACEMENT (RULE26)