FR2718984A1 - Recovery facility by combining industrial and / or household and / or urban waste not sorted by thermolysis. - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosed device, which uses thermolysis between 450 DEG C and 650 DEG C, is controlled by means of an expert system which optimizes the combinations of incoming products so as to regulate the production of output electricity and power. The device is characterized in that tyres are introduced whole with a view to their combined recycling with other wastes.

Description

RECOVERY FACILITY

BY COMBINATION OF WASTE

  INDUSTRIAL AND / OR HOUSEHOLD AND / OR URBAN

NOT SORTED BY THERMOLYSIS

  1 The invention relates to a process for treating industrial and / or household and / or urban and / or

  hospital workers not sorted by means of energy converters mounted in series.

  It will find its application in the recovery of industrial and / or household and / or urban and / or hospital waste as well as in the recovery of heterogeneous materials with calorific power disseminated in material

without calorific value.

  Since the dawn of humanity, man has made charcoal. Later, he realized that this charcoal was particularly active in many areas:

  metallurgy, explosives, treatment of liquids and gases.

  The production of charcoal is in fact a thermolysis operation, that is to say a distillation in a reducing medium, that is to say still a distillation in the absence of oxygen. One of the properties of charcoal is to be

  a very active anti-pollutant for liquids and gases.

  1 The invention is based on this well-known property, by the creation of emerging charcoal from waste

  industrial and / or household and / or urban- and / or hospita-

  liers. These coals are often called thermolysis coke. Thermolysis (also called pyrolysis) on industrial and / or household and / or urban and / or hospital waste as well as on heterogeneous materials with disseminated calorific value generally produces three phases: the first gas, the second liquid and the

third solid.

  To be credible, an installation based on our invention must be non-polluting for the environment, safe from operation, profitable in terms of

economic.

  Three of the objects of the present invention are to be

  non-polluting, to be safe, to be profitable.

  One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a treatment installation method which allows semi-continuous treatment of waste or materials, by electrically regulating the operating ranges, so as to have safe operation in temperature and pressure. One of the aims of the present invention is to have only two phases in the products obtained: a phase

gas and a solid phase.

  One of the aims of the invention is to remove the liquid phase, most often oils or tars, which have been responsible for accidents in the past by obstruction

outlets or pipes.

  Another object of the invention is to use immediately

  gaseous phase in a heat engine or in a gas turbine to generate electricity. One of the objects of the invention is to sell part of the electricity to make the system profitable while

  the other is used in a first group of converts-

  thermoelectric sisters intended to ensure pyrolysis.

  One of the objects of the invention is to be able to store the solid part, so that it, formed of carbonaceous materials or not, can be used a posteriori without

damage to the environment.

  One of the aims of the process described in the invention is to

  release only gaseous products into the atmosphere

  res through percolation through carbonaceous products

emerging or stored.

  One of the aims of the process is not to exceed the time

  temperature above which polluted compounds are created

ants or stable.

  Other advantages will be highlighted during

  the description which is provided only as an indication without

  aim to limit the invention.

  According to the present invention, the process or installation

  Treatment of industrial and / or urban and / or household and / or non-domestic waste and / or materials with disseminated calorific value is characterized by the facts: 1 - the products to be treated are not dehydrates so as to lose nothing their gas phase; - the products are systematically ground unless it

  These are industrial products with an axis of symmetry.

  sorts such as tires; - the crushed products are then compacted in the form

  parallelepipeds; if they are associated with pneumatic

  ques, these are filled with crushed products and stacked on top of each other; the products ground inside and outside the stacked tires, completing the load so as to give a compressed parallelepiped.

  - The products to be treated are advantageously

  hoeed so that the pollutants produced by each

  give after combination a non-harmful but energetic product

  getic. Thus the excess hydrogen given by the computers

  household resources associated with surplus carbon in old

  tires advantageously gives methane and various hydrocarbons

  bures. The predicate of the result being calculated by a sys-

  simulator expert theme when loading parallel

piped compresses.

  The present installation process has the advantage of carrying out a thermolysis reaction between 450 ° C. and 650 ° C.,

  in an electrically heated enclosure, thermally insulated

  only and controlled in pressure and temperature.

  According to the present invention, the

  gaseous products; these are allowed to percolate in the char-

  good emerging active ingredients that trap pollutants

  1 in order to use them in a thermoelectric converter

than (motor or turbine).

  The installation allowing the implementation of the

  vention includes at least: - a shredder in order to lacerate or shred everything that is not pneumatic,

  - an input compactor which makes parallel caps -

  elepipedic, - an entry airlock into which each plug is pushed, a fixed thermolysis reactor, composed of an electrically heated enclosure, thermally insulated, controlled in temperature and pressure, which constitutes the first thermoelectric converter, - a second converter powered by purified thermolysis gases, which is a gas turbine or a heat engine driving an electric generator,

  - an exit airlock allowing the extraction of pro-

  carbon products, - an outlet pit for carbon products in which they are dehalogenated by washing with water, - an area for storing and shipping carbon products, - equipment for recycling halogen-laden water, - a set hardware and software serving as an expert simulator system for the thermolysis reactor, allowing

  anticipate the settings and conduct of the two

  1 reverse thermoelectric vertisseurs mounted in series.

  Figures 1, 2 illustrate and detail the invention.

  tion. In Figure 1: (1) represents the waste, (2) the shredder, (3) the shredded material, (4) the tires (if applicable), (5) the compact tires and shredded material, (6 ) the first electrical / thermal converter, (7) the outlet of the purified gases, (8) the entry / exit airlocks, (9) the waste coals, (10) the ballast of purified gas, (11) the second thermal / electrical converter, (12) the electrical network, (13) the expert simulator system, In Figure 2: (21) represents the first thermal electrical converter, (22) the airlock of the thermolysis enclosure, (23) the exit airlock of the thermolysis chamber, (25) the electrical resistances, (26) the insulation, (27) the temperature probes, (28) the pressure probes, (29) the lower part and the outlet lock cylinder, (30) the upper part and the outlet lock cylinder, (34) a compacting cylinder, (35) a second compacting cylinder, (36) a lock cylinder, (37) the shredder, (41) the hardware and log assembly here, (42) the simulator keyboard, (43) the simulator screen, (44) the simulator expert system,

  (45) the control system of the simula-

tor.

  The invention constitutes a process for recovering

  waste in a non-polluting and economical way because the reduction

  tion with two phases, one directly and immediately gaseous-

  tely used to produce electricity, a small part of which is consumed to produce the thermolysis reaction while the rest is sold, the other solid, formed of carbonaceous solids which can easily be recovered.

  burnt in the oven and remunerated according to the value of their power

  see calorific, makes the most of

each of the components.

  After grinding unsorted waste (2), (37), the

  crushed waste is compacted with pneumatic tires

  third then introduced via an airlock (8),

  in the input of the first electric heat converter

  stick. This enclosure is heated by the resistors (25). Thermolysis is triggered in this case by the rise in temperature. Thermolysis is maintained

2718984 8

  1 by resistance heating (25). The temperature is regulated between 450 C and 650 C (45). The pressure is very slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure so as to only counterbalance the pressure losses of the pipes or airlocks (8) leading to the generators

of electricity (12).

  Before each introduction into the airlock, the expert simulator system (44) evolves as a function of the weight, of the PCI of the new loads, the optimal time of introduction of a new shipment of waste into the converter (21). This expert simulator system regulates in advance

  the output of electrical energy.

  If the gases are exploited immediately, the carbon solids are then recovered after dehalogenation while the metals are sorted by magnetism for the

  ferrous, by eddy current for non-ferrous.

  In turn, carbonaceous solids can be incited

  born in a molten ash oven, which makes it possible to trap the polluting elements either by filtration or by inclusion in the vitreous matrices of the molten residues

  solidified, while producing heat and electricity.

  It should be noted that in the case of components releasing acids during thermolysis, it suffices to add to the

  powdered calcium monoxide (CaO) input grinds.

  The mass of basic element to be added is calculated automatically.

  by the simulator expert system.

  It should also be noted that the exhaust gases from the second converter see their energy used to

  dry the carbonaceous solids while the condensed water

  tion of these gases is used to dehalogenate solids

carbonaceous (F, CI, BR, I).

2718984 40

Claims (1)

CLAIMS 1 1) Recovery plant by combining unsorted industrial and / or household and / or urban and / or hospital waste characterized by two energy converters mounted in tandem: one is a fixed thermolyser with electric heating while the Another may be either a steam generator or an electric generator, both of which are controlled by an expert system that optimizes the combination of waste. 2) Installation according to claim 1, characterized by the cracking of the molecules constituting the waste between 450 C and 650 C in a first thermal electrical converter by means of an electric heating device without prior drying operation, after a simple grinding of the waste to with the exception of tires which remain whole to promote warming up. 3) Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two phases are obtained, one solid easily recoverable (the metals being sorted magnetically for scrap, by eddy current for non-ferrous) and carbonaceous solids dehalogenated before their availability to the market (cement factories or briquettes or balls) or storage, the other gaseous immediately usable to produce electricity or steam. 2718984 A   1 4) Installation according to any one of claims   previous characterized in that the thermolysis gases after percolating in the emerging coal to abandon halogens and heavy metals and be thus purified, feed a second thermal and / or electric converter (gas turbine and / or gas engine / electric generator), or steam generator   whose supplied energy is marketed.   ) Installation according to any one of the claims   previous characterized by a fixed thermolysis oven associates carefully insulated airlocks which allow to fully exploit all the constituents of waste containing calorific value without there being   never pollutants released to the atmosphere.   6) Installation according to any one of the claims   previous characterized in that the mixture or combination waste / whole tires introduces into the process an excess of waste hydrogen which is neutralized by the excess carbon due to the tires, while the hydrogen sulfide of the tires is   destroyed by the basic elements of waste.   7) Installation according to any one of claims   previous characterized by an expert simulator system which controls and regulates all two converters by means of servo chains which control the temperature, pressure and efficiency of the installation by anticipating the conduct of the installation, rendering 1 thus thanks to the all-electric control of the installation, the operation is particularly safe; the gases passing the minimum time between their creation, their concomitant purification at their creation in thermolysis coke and their use.   8) Installation according to any one of claims   previous characterized in that the burnt gases of the second converter are also used to participate in the heating drying of the carbonaceous products while the water of the latter set after condensation at   dehalogenate (F, Cl, Br, I) the thermolysis cokes.   9) Installation according to any one of claims   previous characterized in that the sorted solid carbon can advantageously be incinerated in a molten ash oven, the polluting elements then being either filtered or included in the matrices of molten and vitrified residues while still producing heat and electricity.   ) Installation according to any one of the claims   previous characterized in that the tires are   introduced whole laid flat and stacked.