WO1995027616A1 - Isolation reutilisable - Google Patents

Isolation reutilisable Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1995027616A1
WO1995027616A1 PCT/US1995/004137 US9504137W WO9527616A1 WO 1995027616 A1 WO1995027616 A1 WO 1995027616A1 US 9504137 W US9504137 W US 9504137W WO 9527616 A1 WO9527616 A1 WO 9527616A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
granules
sealing sheet
bentonite
polymer material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/004137
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bryan M. Mcgroarty
Original Assignee
Mcgroarty Bryan M
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mcgroarty Bryan M filed Critical Mcgroarty Bryan M
Priority to AU22060/95A priority Critical patent/AU2206095A/en
Publication of WO1995027616A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995027616A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/14—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a particulate layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2318/00—Mineral based
    • B32B2318/04—Stone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/04—Polyethylene

Definitions

  • the present invention deals with resealable liners used in roofing as well as for lining waste disposal and landfill areas, including areas containing toxic waste.
  • a typical landfill area or toxic waste disposal area includes a containment cell dug into the earth. Prior to disposing of any waste, it is necessary to line the cell with a liner which seals the cell to reduce or eliminate migration of materials stored in the cell into the surrounding earth and ground water.
  • One method of sealing is to compress or compact one to five feet of clay very tightly in order to reduce water penetration to approximately 10 "6 to 10 "8 cm 3 /sec per cm 2 of surface area.
  • the compacted area is then covered with sheets of 60 mil to 100 rail thick, low density plastic, such as polyethylene (LDPE) or high density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyvinylchloride (PVC) . In such systems, all seams in the sheets are welded to prevent leakage.
  • the welded cover sheet is referred to as the primary layer, and the clay layer beneath the primary layer is referred to as the secondary layer.
  • a blanket or mat is placed over the earth bottom and the primary plastic layer is laid over the blanket .
  • One blanket used has a layer of bentonite (sodium montmorillonite) particles sandwiched between two layers of woven or non-woven fabric.
  • the bentonite particles are usually glued to each other and to the fabric.
  • the fabric has a rough surface which contacts the earth to reduce slippage between the earth and fabric along the sloped sides of the cell.
  • this type of product delaminates when wet, ultimately producing a slip plane in the bentonite layer on the slopes.
  • the thickness of the fabric layers required to provide the strands that are pulled through the bentonite layer prevents the bentonite layer from having intimate contact with the primary plastic layer. This reduces the effectiveness of the bentonite layer in resealing damaged areas in the primary layer.
  • Another prior art blanket or mat essentially consists of bentonite powder or granules confined between top and bottom layers made of a number of synthetic woven or non-woven fabric sheets. Some such fabric sheets are stitched together "quilted" through the bentonite layer in an attempt to hold the top and bottom fabric layers in place and minimize the loss of loose bentonite granules out the edges of the blanket or slippage of the bentonite particles. All of these blanket arrangements are, in some respects, desirable because they provide a method of easily uniformly distributing the bentonite granules across the earth surface of a landfill containment region and under the covering primary polyethylene (PE) layer.
  • PE polyethylene
  • the swelling and sealing ability of bentonite provides an extra layer of protection in the event that the primary PE cover layer is damaged.
  • the woven or non-woven fabric on the extending of the bentonite layer has a relatively rough surface which reduces the slippage of the blanket on the earth surface of the containment slopes on the sides of a waste containment region. This allows containment cell construction with steeper slopes therefore providing more volume for fill containment for a given area of land.
  • the thick woven or non-woven fabric layers prevent small bentonite platelets from easily penetrating the fabric which reduces the likelihood that bentonite granules, which are slippery when wet, will contact the earth surface.
  • bentonite blankets When thinner fabrics are used for forming the bentonite blanket, bentonite will pass through the thinner fabrics, thus causing an unacceptable, slippery exterior surface which facilitates a landslide by allowing movement along the interface of the bentonite blanket with the covering primary layer, or with the underlying earth, or both.
  • workers in the industry have been unable to solve the problems encountered in complying with the federal regulations.
  • Another problem with prior bentonite blankets is that when the primary layer develops a rip, tear or other discontinuity, the fabric layers sandwiching the bentonite act as conduits to transport the toxic liquids being stored along the fabric throughout the waste site.
  • bentonite blankets are susceptible to damage in storage. When exposed to water, bentonite has the capacity to expand up to approximately 10 times its original thickness. Subsequent drying, and shrinking, leaves cracks as wide as one to two inches in the bentonite layer. If the blanket is installed in this condition, a failure may result. Quality installations are designed to keep the bentonite dry until discontinuities occur in the primary layer. However, keeping the bentonite dry is far more expensive and problematic than other, normal installations.
  • the fabric layers used to sandwich the bentonite material allow moisture from the earth to freely migrate into the bentonite.
  • the earth moisture pre-swells the bentonite, thus reducing its ability to expand and seal freshly damaged areas in the primary layer.
  • the density of the fabric used to sandwich the bentonite material in a blanket arrangement precludes visual inspection of the bentonite layer. Since the bentonite material is loose or only stitched into position, the individual bentonite particles can move rather freely within the fabric. Vibration during shipping and during the multiple handling steps in installation can segregate the bentonite particles causing areas within the blanket to be empty of bentonite.
  • the bentonite blanket arrangements are manufactured on textile weaving equipment. This limits the practical width attainable for the blankets. Since narrow sheets result in more seams in the blanket, the blanket arrangement has an undesirably large number of seams. Also, the weaving equipment uses a needle punching process which can leave broken needles embedded in the blanket.
  • a resealing liner for roofing or for landfill has a liquid impermeable first layer, a second layer of liquid swellable material connected to the first layer and having an irregular surface, and a base layer of liquid impermeable material substantially conforming to the irregular surface.
  • the resealing roofing and landfill liner has four layers of physically dissimilar materials.
  • the top layer may be formed of materials commonly found in the roofing industry including polyvinylchloride (PVC) , E.P.D.M., Neoprene, Urethanes, Acrylics, Butyl and others.
  • the top layer may also be formed of materials commonly found in the landfill liner industry such as various densities of Polyethylene (PE) , Polypropylene, Neoprene and Polyvinylchloride.
  • PE Polyethylene
  • the second layer is formed of specially small sized bentonite.
  • the third layer is formed of specially large sized bentonite.
  • the fourth layer is formed of a specifically formulated thin sheet of polyethylene.
  • the second and third layers are adhered to the first layer by adhesives and have the built in capacity to expand and seal when in contact with water.
  • the fourth layer is composed of low density polyethylene which has been modified (modified polymer) to increase softness, flexibility, grab and strength.
  • the fourth layer is adhered to the third layer with adhesives in such a way as to follow the contour of the rough, large particle bentonite.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a sealing sheet of the prior art installed under a primary sheet of polyethylene (PE) .
  • PE polyethylene
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a sealing sheet of the prior art installed under a primary sheet of PE.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a sealing sheet of the prior art.
  • FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing a prior art sealing sheet installed on an earth surface.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a sealing sheet according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the sealing sheet of FIG. 4 shown installed on earth surface.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view, partially exploded, showing a bentonite insert according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a seam between two sealing sheets formed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of sealing sheet 10 of the prior art.
  • Sealing sheet 10 includes a bentonite blanket layer which is formed with a layer 14 of expandable bentonite granules 16 sandwiched between two woven or non-woven fabric layers 18 and 20.
  • a primary layer 12 of liquid impermeable material overlies sealing sheet 10.
  • Fabric layers 18 and 20 are provided to keep the layer of bentonite layer 14 intact and to help reduce slippage in the bentonite layer 14 which tends to occur when moisture contacts the bentonite layer 14.
  • FIG. 2 is a second sealing sheet 24 of the prior art.
  • Sealing sheet 24 includes a bentonite blanket layer which is formed with a layer 28 of bentonite granules 34 sandwiched between woven or non- woven fabric layers 30 and 32.
  • a primary layer 26 of liquid impermeable material overlies sealing sheet 24.
  • Blanket layer 28 is stitched so that strands 36 of the fabric layers 30 and 32 are pulled through the bentonite granules 34.
  • FIG. 3 is a third sealing sheet 40 of the prior art.
  • Sealing sheet 40 includes a liquid impermeable primary layer 42 and a bentonite layer 44. Bentonite layer 44 is glued in place and is in substantially intimate contact with primary layer 42. The bentonite layer 44 is glued to primary layer 42 by the process more fully described in U.S. Patent No. 4,693,923, which is hereby fully incorporated by reference.
  • Sheet 40 represents an important advancement over prior sealing sheets because it provides the bentonite layer 44 in intimate contact with primary layer 42, and because the gluing process helps reduce the development of a slip plane within bentonite layer 42. Its primary use is as a waterproof layer for terrain structural walls.
  • FIG. 3A shows the bentonite layer 40 of FIG.
  • FIG. 3A shows sheet 40 in contact with earth 50 at interface 52. If excess moisture from the earth below sheet 40 is present, it may migrate toward bentonite layer 44, prematurely activating the expandable granules in bentonite layer 44. This is indicated by arrows 51. Thus, if a discontinuity (a rip or tear) develops in primary layer 42, and if bentonite layer 44 has already been activated by excess moisture from earth 50 it may have a limited range of expansion remaining to seal any such discontinuity which develops in primary layer 42.
  • a discontinuity a rip or tear
  • the bentonite granules used in bentonite layer 44 preferably are quite small, fine granules.
  • the glued layer of such construction forms a surface at the soil interface 52 which is quite smooth.
  • a slip plane at the bentonite/soil interface 52 may develop so the layer 40 will slide on steep slopes.
  • FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of a sealing sheet 60 of the present invention.
  • Sheet 60 includes a primary layer 62 of liquid impermeable material .
  • Layer 62 of liquid impermeable material .
  • PE polyethylene
  • Sheet 60 also includes bentonite layer 66 and modified polymer layer 68. It is to be understood that while bentonite is a water proofing material, and reacts with water, bentonite particles may be treated to become bentones which swell in the presence of organic compounds, such as those found in toxic waste sites.
  • bentonite as used herein is intended to include liquid sensitive materials, which swell in the presence of water, or when selected are organophilic, and swell in the presence of liquid organic compounds. See for example Modified Clays described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,434,076 and 2,531,427. Bentonite layer 66 is preferably formed of two bentonite sublayers 70 and 72.
  • Bentonite sublayer 70 is formed of small, fine bentonite granules which are glued in place according to the method set out in U.S. Patent No. 4,693,923. Bentonite sublayer 70 is in intimate contact with and is glued to primary layer 62.
  • Sublayer 72 is a layer of bentonite granules which are generally larger than the granules in sublayer 70. Larger granules of bentonite ' in sublayer 72 are applied over sublayer 70, and glued in place, also according to the method set out in U.S. Patent No. 4,693,923. Since the granules in bentonite sublayer 72 are larger than those in sublayer 70, they form a lower surface 74 which is rough or irregular in contour and which has many peaks and valleys across the surface.
  • Modified polymer layer 68 is a water impermeable layer formed of modified polymer material.
  • Layer 68 is formed, and applied to layer 72, so that it substantially conforms to the irregular surface 74 at the lower end of bentonite sublayer 72.
  • layer 68 is rolled onto surface 74 using a roller coated with a soft spongy (resilient) surface. This soft surface presses polymer layer 68 into the rough surface 74 so layer 68 follows the contour of surface 74.
  • layer 68 forms a rough, irregular exterior surface for contacting soil when sheet 60 is installed at any particular installation.
  • Layer 68 also essentially locks the bentonite granules which it contacts into place.
  • FIG. 5 shows sheet 60 installed at a waste disposal installation at a typical incline over earth surface 76.
  • Modified polymer layer 68 contacts soil 76 at an interface region 78. Because modified polymer layer 68 conforms closely to the rough, irregular surface formed by the larger granules in bentonite sublayer 72, the coefficient of friction between layer 68 and soil 76 at interface region 78 is higher than between the earth particles themselves by design. Further, since layer 68 locks the otherwise soft and crumbly bentonite granules in place, slippage does not occur at interface 78. The rate of any slippage of sheet 60 is determined by the type of earth used. Any slip plane which develops is due to the earth developing a slip plane within itself deeper into the soil than interface 78. Such a slip plane is indicated by arrows 80.
  • modified polymer layer 68 is a water impermeable layer, it protects bentonite layer 66 from premature activation. Moisture contained in soil 76 cannot migrate into bentonite layer 66. Rather, it is turned back by water impermeable layer 68. This is indicated by arrows 82. This prevents bentonite layer 66 from being prematurely activated by moisture migration from earth 76. Thus, the expansion characteristics of bentonite layer 66 are retained until layer 66 is activated by a tear or discontinuity in primary layer 62 (or in layer 68) . Essentially, the resealing properties of layer 66 are enhanced because it does not hydrate and subsequently dehydrate to potentially develop cracks or fissures.
  • Modified polymer layer 68 should preferably be a formulated polymer sheet which has physical and chemical properties compatible with its use. First, layer 68 must adhere to the granular bentonite in bentonite layer 66 using the adhesive that holds the bentonite granules together and to primary layer 68. In addition, layer 68 should be pinhole free at low thicknesses, such as 0.0010 inches to 0.0015 inches. Further, layer 68 should be formed of a material which is capable of 1000% elongation without developing any discontinuities. Also, layer 68 should be generally resistant to radiation and attacks by microorganisms and chemicals which are likely to be encountered during use. Layer 68 should also be pliable at temperatures between approximately -50°C and 100°C. Finally, layer 68 should preferably have a high degree of cohesiveness (or tack) and exhibit low slip when in contact with common silica
  • layer 68 is a synthetic polymer composed of at least 80% by weight vinylidene chloride which is illustrated as - (-CH 2 -CC1 2 -) - .
  • the vinylidene chloride is preferably polymerized or co-polymerized with secondary amounts of unsaturated compounds.
  • layer 68 includes a synthetic polymer composed of polyethylene - (-CH 2 -CH 2 -) - modified with lesser amounts of polyolifins.
  • the polyethylene may be modified , with 2% to 20% by weight of isobutylene.
  • the isobutylene may be used to alter high, medium, low, or linear low densities of polyethylene by changing the softness, tack, grab and strength.
  • Other materials may also be used depending on project site requirements. For example, acrylates and vinylacetates may be incorporated to increase grab and flexibility of the resulting PE sheet.
  • modified polymer sheet 68 is preferably in a range between 0.001 inches to 0.010 inches.
  • the maximum and minimum allowable thicknesses are determined by the type and quantity of modifiers in the base material to which they are added.
  • the larger granule bentonite in sublayer 72 is preferably in a range of 10-30 U.S. standard mesh bentonite and the smaller granule bentonite in sublayer 70 is preferably in a range of 30-50 U.S. standard mesh bentonite.
  • the larger granule bentonite is preferably applied during the last stage of the production technique more fully described in U.S. Patent No. 4,693,923.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an arrangement in which two sheets 84 and 86, formed according to the present invention, are joined. Each of the sheets 84 and 86 include water impermeable primary layer 88, bentonite layer 90, and modified polymer layer 92.
  • primary layers 88 and polymer layers 92 are formed to extend beyond the edges of bentonite layers 90 to overlap one another in a seam region 94 when sheets 84 an 86 are placed generally abutting one another.
  • a bentonite adhesive insert 96 is used in the seam region 94 to accomplish a tight, continuous seam.
  • Bentonite adhesive insert 96 is preferably a strip of bentonite glued according to the process set out in U.S. Patent No. 4,693,923 and having an adhesive applied to its underside 98. The adhesive on surface 98 of insert 96 adheres to modified polymer layer 92.
  • Primary layers 88 are then allowed to overlap one another, over the top of insert 96, and then may be welded together or fused. FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the seam arrangement shown in FIG. 6. Similar items are similarly numbered to those shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows that primary layers 88 of sheets 84 and 86 overlap one another in the seam region 94.
  • Modified polymer layers 92 of sheets 84 and 86 also overlap one another in seam region 94.
  • the two modified polymer layers 92 are fused together in seam region 94.
  • Insert 96 supports primary layers 88 in seam region 94, and has its lower surface 98 adhered to one of the modified polymer layers 92.
  • the other of the modified polymer layers 92 overlaps, and is fused to, the first polymer layer 92 in seam region 94.
  • insert 96 supports primary layers 88 in seam region 94 so that they can be fused using a wedge, extrudite, chemical, heat or any other suitable method of fusion or welding.
  • FIG. 7 shows that insert 96 provides continuous intimate contact between primary layer 88 and the bentonite layer 90 (or insert 96) even in seam region 94. Insert 96 also insures continuity of the bentonite layer throughout the installation and provides a sound surface for the movement of welding equipment over seam region 94.
  • the particles can be treated to react with organic compounds if desired.
  • the polyethylene primary sheet and the modified polymer layer used with the sheet of the present invention are both impermeable to water and liquid organic compounds.
  • the sheet 60 could be component with the sublayer 70 made of bentonite and react with water, while formed with larger size organophilic (bentone) particles.
  • the present invention is also suitable for incorporating damage identification markers.
  • Layer 68 makes it possible to form isolation zones in bentonite sublayers 70 and 72 with liquid impermeable partitions extending between primary layer 62 and polymer layer 68.
  • Markers such as marking chemicals, dyes, or isotopes are then introduced into the isolation zones.
  • Each of the markers introduced into the various isolation zones has a unique signature when analyzed.
  • the unique signatures are mapped to the various isolation zones so that the correspondence between the signatures and the particular isolation zones into which the individual markers have been injected is known.
  • Damage to sheet 60 which penetrates all of the layers in sheet 60 results in leakage of leachate through sheet 60.
  • the leachate dissolves traces of the marker contained in the isolation zone located at the point where damage occurs.
  • a particular signature of the marker dissolved in the leachate is identified. By identifying the signature of the marker, the particular isolation zone containing the damage is located and appropriate repair or replacement operations can be undertaken.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Une feuille d'étanchéité (60) comporte une couche (62) première ou primaire de matériau imperméable aux liquides présentant une surface supérieure rugueuse (64). Une seconde couche (66) de granules, de préférence des granules de bentonite, constituée de préférence de deux sous-couches de bentonite (70, 72) qui se dilatent lorsqu'elles sont en contact avec un liquide tel que l'eau ou des composés organiques liquides, est couplée à la première couche (62). La seconde couche de granules (66) présente une surface irrégulière (74) généralement définie par les granules. Une couche de base polymère modifiée (68) de matériau imperméable aux liquides épouse les contours de la surface irrégulière (74).
PCT/US1995/004137 1994-04-07 1995-04-04 Isolation reutilisable WO1995027616A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU22060/95A AU2206095A (en) 1994-04-07 1995-04-04 Resealable liner

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22415794A 1994-04-07 1994-04-07
US08/224,157 1994-04-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995027616A1 true WO1995027616A1 (fr) 1995-10-19

Family

ID=22839501

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1995/004137 WO1995027616A1 (fr) 1994-04-07 1995-04-04 Isolation reutilisable

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2206095A (fr)
WO (1) WO1995027616A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997015258A2 (fr) * 1995-10-24 1997-05-01 Camelot Superabsorbents Limited Articles absorbants
EP2248959A1 (fr) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-10 Adrian Blödt Dispositif pour revêtement étanche d'un objet, procédé de fabrication d'un revêtement étanche et élément absorbant des liquides

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4255067A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-03-10 John C. Wright Disposal of liquid waste and recovery of metals therefrom
US4693923A (en) * 1985-11-22 1987-09-15 Mcgroarty Bryan M Water barrier
US5237945A (en) * 1990-12-17 1993-08-24 American Colloid Company Water barrier formed from a clay-fiber mat

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4255067A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-03-10 John C. Wright Disposal of liquid waste and recovery of metals therefrom
US4693923A (en) * 1985-11-22 1987-09-15 Mcgroarty Bryan M Water barrier
US5237945A (en) * 1990-12-17 1993-08-24 American Colloid Company Water barrier formed from a clay-fiber mat

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997015258A2 (fr) * 1995-10-24 1997-05-01 Camelot Superabsorbents Limited Articles absorbants
WO1997015258A3 (fr) * 1995-10-24 1997-08-14 Camelot Superabsorbents Ltd Articles absorbants
EP2248959A1 (fr) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-10 Adrian Blödt Dispositif pour revêtement étanche d'un objet, procédé de fabrication d'un revêtement étanche et élément absorbant des liquides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2206095A (en) 1995-10-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4501788A (en) Waterproofing soil
EP0059625B1 (fr) Sol protégé de l'eau
US5564864A (en) Clay liner for steep slopes
CA2047591C (fr) Revetement protecteur pour site d'enfouissement
US5091234A (en) Composite water barrier sheet
USRE35272E (en) Apparatus and method for lining landfills, reservoirs, hazardous waste disposal sites and the like
US6303204B2 (en) Earthen liner with clay seam cover
EP0890002B1 (fr) Membrane geocomposite
WO1995027616A1 (fr) Isolation reutilisable
WO1990014222A1 (fr) Etancheite pour dechets dangereux
EP1517784B1 (fr) Methode de fabrication d'un materiau impermeabilisant
EP0936315B1 (fr) Revêtement en argile
Eith et al. Prefabricated bentonite clay liners
JP3177818B2 (ja) 土木用遮水シート
JP2545328B2 (ja) 防水施工法
JPH0874223A (ja) 遮水シート
JPH0947736A (ja) 土木用遮水シート
JPH07145612A (ja) 土木用遮水工法
Struve Geomembrane–Clay Composite Liners
JPH08333734A (ja) 遮水構造
JPS6138284B2 (fr)
Alshunnar et al. Geosynthetic applications in landfill design
JPS63130810A (ja) 遮水材

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AM AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LT LU LV MD MG MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SI SK TJ TT UA US UZ VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): KE MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642