WO1995023928A1 - Joints de cardan homocinetiques a trois bras - Google Patents

Joints de cardan homocinetiques a trois bras Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995023928A1
WO1995023928A1 PCT/GB1995/000334 GB9500334W WO9523928A1 WO 1995023928 A1 WO1995023928 A1 WO 1995023928A1 GB 9500334 W GB9500334 W GB 9500334W WO 9523928 A1 WO9523928 A1 WO 9523928A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
joint
axis
joint member
roller
arm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1995/000334
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Charles Bartlett
Richard Anthony Lloyd
Original Assignee
Gkn Automotive Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gkn Automotive Ag filed Critical Gkn Automotive Ag
Publication of WO1995023928A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995023928A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
    • F16D3/205—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part
    • F16D3/2055—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part having three pins, i.e. true tripod joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
    • F16D2003/2026—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints with trunnion rings, i.e. with tripod joints having rollers supported by a ring on the trunnion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to constant velocity ratio (homokinetic) universal joints of the tripode type, such a joint comprising a first joint member having a rotational axis and three tracks circumferentially spaced about its rotational axis and extending lengthwise of the joint member; and a second joint member having a rotational axis and three arms circumferentially spaced about such axis and extending into the tracks of the first joint member, each arm carrying a respective roller having an axis and an external surface which is a surface of revolution about said roller axis and which engages opposed side portions of the associated track, each roller having its orientation constrained relative to one joint member and being able to move within its associated track such that the first and second joint members are able to undergo relative articulation, i.e. to enable the rotational axes of the joint members to be inclined to one another.
  • Such a joint will hereafter be referred to as a tripode type joint of the kind specified.
  • Tripode type joints of the kind specified are widely used in motor vehicle drive lines, for example as the inboard and/or outboard universal joints of drive shafts extending laterally to drivable wheels of a vehicle.
  • a type of joint of the kind specified usually used as the inboard universal joint of a drive shaft provides for the first and second joint members to be able to move axially relative to one another as well as to undergo relative articulation.
  • the relative axial movement ("plunge") in the joint is necessary to accommodate length variations in the drive shaft which occur as a result of vehicle suspension movement.
  • Joints used as the outboard universal joints in drive shafts of front wheel drive vehicles are of a construction which does not enable them to accommodate plunge, but does enable them to articulate to a much greater angle than is possible with plunging inboard joints, in order to accommodate steering of the front wheels of the vehicle.
  • the tracks in the first joint member extend parallel to the rotational axis of such joint member, and the arms of the second joint member each extend pe ⁇ endicular to the rotational axis of the second joint member.
  • This provision in a joint according to the invention has the effect of substantially reducing the tertiary moment of the joint, i.e. the reaction moment produced about an axis pe ⁇ endicular to the plane containing the axes of rotation of the two joint members when the joint is articulated.
  • the tertiary moment produced by a joint may excite drive line vibrations in the direction transverse to the joint. In a front wheel drive vehicle, where drive shafts extend laterally from an engine-gearbox-differential unit, this may cause vibration of such unit in the up and down and/or fore and aft direction in susceptible vehicles.
  • the tertiary moment effect is primarily a third order effect, i.e. at three times the speed of rotation of the joint, and therefore for some vehicles reduction of the tertiary moment produced by joints may be very advantageous.
  • each roller is held on its arm of the second joint member so as to be able to rotate thereabout and slide lengthwise of the arm, but is not able to change its overall orientation relative to the arm.
  • the roller axis and arm axis coincide.
  • the roller is able to tilt in its track to accommodate articulation of the joint.
  • each roller may be achieved by inclining each arm, as the joint is viewed axially in cross-section, such that the longitudinal axis of the arm does not pass through the axis of rotation of the second joint member but instead is spaced from such axis.
  • each roller is able to change its orientation relative to the respective arm on which it is carried and has its orientation constrained relative to the first joint member.
  • the roller is supported in its track in the first joint member in such a way as to be able to roll along the track but not change its orientation with respect to the track.
  • the arms have part-spherical end portions on which the rollers are respectively carried by intermediate bearing assemblies.
  • the arms have cylindrical surfaces on which the rollers are respectively carried by intermediate bearing assemblies, each such bearing assembly inco ⁇ orating cooperating surfaces, e.g. cooperating part-spherical surfaces or a part-spherical surface engaging in an internal cylindrical surface, enabling the rollers to change their orientation relative to the arms on which they are carried.
  • disposition of the axis of each roller may be achieved by inclining each track, as the joint member is viewed axially in cross-section, such that the opposed side portions of the tracks engaged by the rollers are not oriented opposite one another on a line extending tangentially to the pitch circle of the tracks but instead are on a line inclined to such tangents.
  • the rollers may be oriented such that their axes are offset from the axis of rotation of the joint member relative to which their orientation is constrained by approximately V ⁇ the pitch circle radius of the tracks in the first joint member.
  • the invention may be combined in a joint with the provision of other expedients which have been proposed to be applied to tripode joints to alter other transmission characteristics thereof, for example the orientation of the tracks in the first joint member other than parallel to the rotational axis of the joint member, and/or the orientation of the arms of the second joint member other than pe ⁇ endicular to the rotational axis of such joint member as the joint is viewed laterally in section, in the case of joints where such arm orientation has an effect on joint characteristics.
  • Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section, of a first embodiment of joint according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is an axial view, partly in section of the joint of Figure 1;
  • Figures 3A and 3B are axial views, partly in section, of part of a joint respectively as generally known hitherto and as modified in accordance with the invention;
  • Figures 4A and 4B, and 5A and 5B, are views as Figures 3A and 3B of further types of joint;
  • Figures 6A and 6B are views as Figures 3A and 3B of yet a further type of joint
  • Figures 7 and 8 are views as Figure 1 of further features which may be provided in joints according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings show a first embodiment of tripode type constant velocity ratio universal joint in accordance with the invention.
  • the joint comprises a first joint member 10 and a second joint member indicated generally at 11, the joint members having respective rotational axes which in the illustrated condition coincide with one another and are indicated at 12, the joint being shown in the aligned (non-articulated) condition.
  • the first joint member 10 comprises a body 13 which is generally of hollow cylindrical form, with three tracks 14 equally circumferentially spaced about its rotational axis 12 and extending parallel to such axis.
  • the body 13 has a closed end 15 from which a stub shaft 16 extends for torque transmitting connection to a rotary component of, for example, a motor vehicle drive line.
  • the second joint member 11 comprises an annular body 17 whose interior is splined for torque transmitting connection to a splined end portion 19 of a drive shaft element 20.
  • Three arms 21 extend outwardly from the body 17 of the second joint member 11, into the tracks 14 of the first joint member 10, and each arm carries a respective roller 22.
  • the arms 21 are oriented as described with reference to Figure 3B.
  • the rollers have external surfaces which engage opposed side portions of the respective tracks in such a manner as to be able to move along the tracks and tilt in the tracks.
  • each roller is a surface of revolution about a roller axis and the rollers are supported on their respective arms so as to be rotatable about the roller axes which coincide with the longitudinal axes of the arms, and also are movable lengthwise of their respective arms.
  • the two joint members are connected together for torque transmission between them and also to enable them to be relatively articulated, i.e. for the rotational axes of the two joint members to become inclined to one another.
  • the joint is also able to undergo plunge, i.e. relative axial movement between the joint members.
  • FIG. 3A of the drawings shows, in an axial view partly in cross-section, one arm, roller, and associated track, of a joint as above described, but as generally known hitherto and thus not in accordance with the present invention.
  • the arm extending from the second joint member is indicated at 30 and the roller carried by the arm at 31.
  • a needle roller bearing assembly 32 is interposed between the arm and the interior surface of the roller 31, to enable the above described rotation of the roller about the arm and movement of the roller lengthwise of the arm.
  • the longitudinal axis of the arm about which such movement of the roller occurs is indicated at 33 and in a conventional tripode joint the axis 33 passes through the rotational centre of the joint member whose position is indicated at 34.
  • the external surface of the roller 31 is part-spherical in configuration, and opposite side portions 35 of the track in the first joint member are portions of a cylindrical surface the position of whose central axis is indicated at 36.
  • Figure 3B shows how a joint as shown in Figure 3A is modified in accordance with the present invention.
  • This Figure shows that the longitudinal axis, indicated at 33a, of the arm, and thus the roller axis, is inclined to the radial direction, so that it does not pass through the rotational axis of the joint member but instead is spaced therefrom by a perpendicular distance as indicated at 37.
  • the offset 37 of each of the longitudinal axes 33a, of the arms 30 from the rotational axis of the joint member may be approximately one-third of the pitch circle radius of the tracks in the other joint member.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B of the drawings show another embodiment of tripode-type constant velocity ratio universal joint, respectively as generally known hitherto and in accordance with the present invention.
  • an arm of a second member of a joint is indicated at 30, and the arm has a spherical head 31.
  • a roller assembly carried by the arm comprises a roller 42, a needle roller bearing assembly 43, and an inner roller element 44 which has a cylindrical internal surface so that it is able to pivot universally about the spherical head 41 of the arm 40.
  • the roller 42 has an outer peripheral surface 45 which engages opposed side portions 46 of the track in the first joint member 47.
  • the side portions of the track have abutment surfaces 46a.
  • roller 44b which engage end faces of the roller, so that although the roller 42 is able to move lengthwise of the track it is not able to tilt therein, so that when the joint is articulated the roller assembly has to tilt relative to the arm 40, which is possible by virtue of the spherical head 41 of the arm.
  • the line 49 is inclined to the tangent to the pitch circle 48 at the centre of the track, whilst the line 50 normal to the line 49 is inclined to the radius 51 of the joint member 47.
  • the line 50 is offset from the rotational axis as indicated at 52 of the joint member 47, in analogous manner to the offset of the axis of arm 30 from the axis 34 in the joint shown in Figure 3B.
  • FIGS 5A and 5B of the drawings show a further embodiment of universal joint wherein the necessary tilting movement at each roller assembly when the joint is articulated takes place within the roller assembly rather than between roller and track.
  • FIG 5 A one of the arms of the second joint member is shown at 53, and on this is carried an inner roller element 54 with the interposition of a needle roller bearing assembly 55.
  • the inner roller element can rotate about the arm but is unable to move lengthwise of the arm.
  • the inner roller element 54 has a part-spherical outer surface 56 and this engages a cylindrical internal surface 57 of roller 58.
  • roller 58 engages opposed side portions 59 of the track in the first joint member 60 in such a way that the roller 58 can move lengthwise of the track but not tilt therein. Tilting when the joint is articulated takes place between the inner roller element 54 and roller 58.
  • the pitch circle of the tracks in the joint member 60 is indicated at 61, and the rotational axis of the joint member at 62.
  • Figure 5B illustrates how a joint of the kind shown in Figure 5A may be modified to be in accordance with the invention.
  • the opposed side portions of the track are oriented at an inclination to the tangent to the pitch circle at the centre of the track.
  • the roller 58 is correspondingly oriented such that the roller axis is spaced from the axis of rotation of the first joint member.
  • the roller assembly comprises an inner roller element 64 carried on the arm with a needle roller bearing assembly 65 which permits the inner roller element to move lengthwise of the arm as well as rotate thereabout.
  • the inner roller element 64 has a part-spherical outer surface 66 and this engages a part-spherical internal surface 67 of roller 68.
  • the configuration of the track in the first joint member which engages the roller to maintain the orientation of the roller with respect to the first joint member is the same as shown in the joint shown in Figure 5A.
  • Figure 6B shows how a joint as shown in Figure 5A can be modified in accordance with the invention.
  • the track is inclined to the tangent to the pitch circle of the tracks, in exactly the same manner as shown in Figure 5B.
  • the axis of the roller 68 is, as the joint is viewed axially in cross-section, spaced from the axis of rotation of the first joint member relative to which the orientation of the roller is constrained.
  • the above described inclination of the tracks and/or arms of the joint, as the joint is viewed axially in cross-section, may be combined with other features which it has been proposed to provide in tripode joints to achieve particular transmission characteristics of such joints.
  • the tracks may extend at an orientation other than parallel to the rotational axis of the joint member in which they are provided, and/or in joints where the rollers have their orientation constrained relative to the arms the arms may be oriented such that their axes are other than pe ⁇ endicular to the rotational axis of the joint member having the arms.
  • Such possible additional features of track and/or arm orientation are shown in Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings. They may be as disclosed in our International patent application publication WO 93/22577, or our International patent application GB94/02263.
  • Figure 7 shows a joint with first and second joint members 70, 71 having respective rotational axes 72, 73.
  • the first joint member 70 has tracks one of which is indicated at 74 which extend parallel to the rotational axis 72.
  • One of the arms of the second joint member 71 is shown at 75, and the longitudinal axis 76 of the arm is inclined to the perpendicular 77 to the rotational axis 73 of the second joint member.
  • Figure 8 shows a joint with a first joint member 80 and second joint member 81, with rotational axes 82, 83 respectively.
  • the tracks, one of which is shown at 84, in the first joint member 80 are not parallel to the rotational axis 82 thereof but converge as they extend from the closed to the open end of the joint member.
  • the inclined centre line of the track is indicated at 85.
  • the arms one of which is shown at 86 of the second joint member 81 have their axes as indicated at 87 inclined to the pe ⁇ endicular 88 to the rotational axis 83 of the second joint member, but in the opposite sense to the inclination of the arms as 75 in the joint shown in Figure 7.
  • the tracks of the first joint member, and hence the arms of the second joint member are equally circumferentially spaced about the axis of the respective joint member. In some circumstances it may be the case that the arms and correspondingly also the tracks, are not equally spaced. For certain applications, such rotational asymmetry in the joint may produce particularly desired characteristics which, in combination with the present invention, are advantageous.
  • a joint according to the invention it may be desired to arrange for the offsets of the axes of the three rollers of the joint, from the axis of rotation of the respective joint member, to be different from one another.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un joint de cardan homocinétique comprenant un premier élément de joint (10) ayant un axe de rotation (12) et trois pistes de roulement (14) espacées suivant la circonférence autour de l'axe de rotation et s'étendant dans le sens de la longueur de l'élément de joint et un second élément de joint (11) ayant un axe de rotation et trois bras (21) espacés suivant la circonférence autour de cet axe et venant se loger dans les pistes de roulement du premier élément de joint. Chaque bras porte un rouleau respectif (22) ayant un axe et une surface externe qui est une surface de révolution autour dudit axe et qui s'engage avec les portions latérales opposées de la piste associée. L'orientation de chaque rouleau par rapport à un élément de joint est imposée et chaque rouleau peut se déplacer dans sa piste associée de manière à ce que le premier et le second éléments de joint puissent effectuer un mouvement relatif de flexion. Lorsqu'on regarde axialement une coupe transversale du joint, l'axe d'aucun rouleau (22) ne coupe l'axe de rotation de l'élément de joint par rapport auquel il a une orientation imposée.
PCT/GB1995/000334 1994-03-04 1995-02-17 Joints de cardan homocinetiques a trois bras WO1995023928A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9404141A GB9404141D0 (en) 1994-03-04 1994-03-04 Tripode type constant velocity ration universal joints
GB9404141.5 1994-03-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995023928A1 true WO1995023928A1 (fr) 1995-09-08

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1995/000334 WO1995023928A1 (fr) 1994-03-04 1995-02-17 Joints de cardan homocinetiques a trois bras

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GB (1) GB9404141D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995023928A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2299393A (en) * 1995-02-27 1996-10-02 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Universal joint
WO1997002438A1 (fr) * 1995-07-04 1997-01-23 Gkn Automotive Ag Joints de cardan homocinetiques a trois bras
WO1997025545A1 (fr) * 1996-01-12 1997-07-17 Nsk Ltd. Liaison homocinetique en tripode
GB2324354A (en) * 1995-02-27 1998-10-21 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Homokinetic universal joint
EP1008778A3 (fr) * 1998-12-08 2000-07-05 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Joint universel homocinétique, et procédé de son assemblage
US6764406B2 (en) * 2000-10-13 2004-07-20 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Constant velocity joint of tripod type
CN103486147A (zh) * 2013-09-26 2014-01-01 青岛科技大学 一种减振型三叉杆倾斜滑块式等角速万向联轴器

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472157A (en) * 1983-04-12 1984-09-18 Sindelar William F Homokinetic universal joint
GB2161246A (en) * 1984-07-02 1986-01-08 Uni Cardan Ag Universal joints
FR2567222A1 (fr) * 1984-07-04 1986-01-10 Nippon Seiko Kk Articulation homocinetique du type a tripode
EP0453334A1 (fr) * 1990-04-18 1991-10-23 Glaenzer Spicer Joint de transmission du type coulissant
WO1993022577A1 (fr) * 1992-05-01 1993-11-11 Gkn Automotive Ag Joints universels a rapport de vitesse constant du type tripode

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472157A (en) * 1983-04-12 1984-09-18 Sindelar William F Homokinetic universal joint
GB2161246A (en) * 1984-07-02 1986-01-08 Uni Cardan Ag Universal joints
FR2567222A1 (fr) * 1984-07-04 1986-01-10 Nippon Seiko Kk Articulation homocinetique du type a tripode
EP0453334A1 (fr) * 1990-04-18 1991-10-23 Glaenzer Spicer Joint de transmission du type coulissant
WO1993022577A1 (fr) * 1992-05-01 1993-11-11 Gkn Automotive Ag Joints universels a rapport de vitesse constant du type tripode

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2324354B (en) * 1995-02-27 1999-04-14 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Homokinetic universal joint
US5788577A (en) * 1995-02-27 1998-08-04 Ntn Corporation Homokinetic universal joint having decreased induced thrust
GB2299393A (en) * 1995-02-27 1996-10-02 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Universal joint
GB2299393B (en) * 1995-02-27 1999-04-14 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Homokinetic universal joint
GB2324354A (en) * 1995-02-27 1998-10-21 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Homokinetic universal joint
US6033311A (en) * 1995-07-04 2000-03-07 Gkn Automotive Ag Constant velocity ratio universal joint of the tripode type
GB2316996B (en) * 1995-07-04 1999-02-17 Gkn Automotive Ag Tripode type constant velocity ratio universal joints
WO1997002438A1 (fr) * 1995-07-04 1997-01-23 Gkn Automotive Ag Joints de cardan homocinetiques a trois bras
GB2316996A (en) * 1995-07-04 1998-03-11 Gkn Automotive Ag Tripode type constant velocity ratio universal joints
WO1997025545A1 (fr) * 1996-01-12 1997-07-17 Nsk Ltd. Liaison homocinetique en tripode
US6217454B1 (en) 1996-01-12 2001-04-17 Nsk Ltd. Tripod type constant velocity joint
EP1008778A3 (fr) * 1998-12-08 2000-07-05 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Joint universel homocinétique, et procédé de son assemblage
US6454655B1 (en) 1998-12-08 2002-09-24 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Constant velocity universal joint and method for assembling the same
US6497621B2 (en) 1998-12-08 2002-12-24 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Constant velocity universal joint and method for assembling the same
CN1322246C (zh) * 1998-12-08 2007-06-20 本田技研工业株式会社 等速万向节及其装配方法
US6764406B2 (en) * 2000-10-13 2004-07-20 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Constant velocity joint of tripod type
CN103486147A (zh) * 2013-09-26 2014-01-01 青岛科技大学 一种减振型三叉杆倾斜滑块式等角速万向联轴器

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Publication number Publication date
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