WO1995018185A1 - Method of producing a non-polluting material, the material obtained by the method and use of the material - Google Patents

Method of producing a non-polluting material, the material obtained by the method and use of the material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995018185A1
WO1995018185A1 PCT/DE1994/001537 DE9401537W WO9518185A1 WO 1995018185 A1 WO1995018185 A1 WO 1995018185A1 DE 9401537 W DE9401537 W DE 9401537W WO 9518185 A1 WO9518185 A1 WO 9518185A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
castor oil
catalyst
filler
weight
mixed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1994/001537
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stefan Meinhardt
Uwe Schönfeld
Original Assignee
Preform Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Preform Gmbh filed Critical Preform Gmbh
Priority to EP95904381A priority Critical patent/EP0739387A1/en
Priority to JP7517723A priority patent/JPH10501559A/en
Publication of WO1995018185A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995018185A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/246—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 combinations of materials fully covered by E04C2/16 and E04C2/20
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/36—Hydroxylated esters of higher fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an environmentally friendly material, an environmentally friendly material and its use as a material substitute for PVC.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a material which does not have the disadvantages of PVC and which is biodegradable.
  • the material should have similar mechanical properties to PVC, in particular fire protection class B2 must in any case be filled.
  • the starting materials for the production of the environmentally friendly material should be of natural origin. The process for its production should be carried out in a simple manner quickly and without any special effort.
  • the material should be inexpensive to manufacture and the weight of the corresponding molded parts should not be greater than that of the parts currently used. Components made from the material should be inert and should not change their properties over time.
  • the material according to the invention does not have the disadvantages of PVC and is biodegradable. It has mechanical properties similar to PVC.
  • the material obtained is rigidly elastic and of high strength. With mechanical point loading, e.g. the structure of the surrounding material is preserved when fastening wood screws or inserting wooden nails. A tearing, as can occur, for example, with wood, is not observed.
  • the material can be machined easily. When sawing or milling, no tearing of the interfaces or even flaking off of smaller sections can be observed.
  • the material according to the invention also fulfills the requirements of fire protection class B2.
  • the incorporation of aluminum hydroxide in ignition attempts will significantly improve the fire Behavior determined.
  • the installation of aluminum hydroxide and the associated elimination of water prevent the flames from attacking directly.
  • the fire protection class B2 according to DIN 4102 is thus fulfilled.
  • cellulose-containing material preferably wood flour, sawdust or other wood waste
  • the filler used can be obtained as waste, or larger pieces of wood that are generated as waste can be reduced accordingly.
  • the filler should preferably not exceed a fiber length in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 750 ⁇ m and a fiber thickness from 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the filler particularly preferably consists of pulverized wood such as wood flour or small sawdust. It is further preferred to use pulverized beech wood according to the invention with a fiber length of up to 180 ⁇ m and a fiber thickness of 30 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the castor oil used in the process according to the invention can be any commercially available castor oil. Its acid number should not exceed 20. It preferably has an acid number of 0.1 to 14. The acid number denotes the amount in mg of KOH, which is used to neutralize 1 g of sample. The water content of the castor oil should not be higher than 1.0% by weight, based on the castor oil, preferably less than 0.1% by weight. The castor oil preferably comes from the first pressing. Castor oil consists mainly of the glyceride of ricinoleic acid. The following are the formulas of ricinoleic acid and the main components of castor oil:
  • Castor oil and the main component of castor oil are the main component of castor oil
  • Tertiary amines such as "Polycat SA-610/50” (manufacturer: Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Allentown, PA 18195 USA) or bicyclic and fused N-containing heterocycles such as e.g. Diazobicycloundecin used.
  • Organometallic compounds e.g. Sn-Octeat, DBTDL.
  • the catalyst is preferably selected so that the reaction acceleration does not start until T> 20 ° C.
  • This has the advantage of a long processing time for the basic mixture, since the final curing is thus limited to process step C.
  • polyisocyanates which are known per se can be considered as polyisocyanates for the production of polyurethanes, ie aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates can be used, as described, for example, by W. Siefken in Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, vol 562, pages 75 to 136.
  • Preferred polyisocyanates are generally the various tolylene diisocyanates, diphenylmethane diisocyanates and in particular polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanates and mixtures of these types of isocyanates.
  • the NCO / OH ratio is preferably in the stated weight range from 0.95: 1 to 1.1: 1.
  • a flame retardant is added to the mixture obtained.
  • flame retardants are aluminum hydroxide, halogen, antimony, bismuth, boron or phosphorus compounds or mixtures thereof. It is according to the invention particularly preferred to use aluminum hydroxide.
  • the powdered aluminum hydroxide gives the system increased flame resistance.
  • the product according to the invention can also contain zeolite.
  • the zeolite used binds the residual moisture present in the reaction mixture. Zeolites with pore diameters of 3 ⁇ to 5 ⁇ are used.
  • the starting materials can be mixed in any order, there is no restriction here. It is also possible to mix some of the components beforehand with a part of the castor oil and then to add the rest of the castor oil and the other components. In the accompanying Fig. 1, the production of the material is shown using a flow diagram.
  • the filler components can easily be mixed together. The homogenization of filler and binder should be carried out in a mixer provided for this purpose.
  • the starting materials castor oil, filler and catalyst if appropriate also a flame retardant, and only then add the polyisocyanate.
  • This measure also ensures that the basic mixture remains processable over a long period of time (up to 1 day), in particular when - as preferably proposed - the catalyst only at a temperature in the range of> 20 ° C., preferably at Range of 40 ° C, its activity unfolds.
  • the individual constituents are used in the following amounts:
  • Filler 50-90% by weight, preferably 60-80, polyisocyanate: 5-25% by weight, preferably 10-20,
  • Castor oil 5 - 25% by weight, preferably 10 - 20,
  • Catalyst 0-10% by weight, preferably 0-0.3.
  • the starting materials made from wood flour, castor oil, catalyst, polyisocyanate and, if appropriate, the flame retardant are mixed, placed in a mold and particularly preferably at a temperature in the range from 20 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably 20 to 100 ° C. 35 to 80 ° C and a pressure of 1 to 100 bar, preferably 2 to 60 bar, cured for a time in the range of 30 seconds to 10 hours, preferably 30 seconds to 6 hours. It is particularly preferred to cure the product obtained at 40 ° C. and 40 bar for 30 to 40 seconds.
  • the mixture obtained can be given individually in molds and pressed, or continuous production can be carried out.
  • the continuous production can be carried out a) by extrusion or b) by hot rolling.
  • the reaction mixture After curing, the reaction mixture forms a closed and extremely smooth surface; the plastic resolution, ie the size of geometric figures that can still be plasticized, is very high. Finest filigree patterns reproduced very precisely by the material. The material only gets its final hardness after it has been aged for 24 hours. The binder is resistant to hydrolysis and completely closes the filler mixture and counteracts the absorption of water.
  • the product obtained according to the invention can be used in prefabricated room division systems as a material substitute for plastic and metal frames, as paint rails and cladding element material and as a profile material. It can replace PVC completely or partially and can therefore also be used in window construction.
  • Compressive strength determined on compacts, manufactured at a pressure of 50 bar
  • Elastic modulus determined on H-profiles, manufactured at a pressure of 50 bar
  • the elastic modulus of aluminum is 7.1 * 10 10 N / m 2 , of Vulcanfiber 4.9 * 10 09 N / m 2 .
  • Elongation at break e R determined on H profiles, manufactured at a pressure of 50 bar
  • Density p determined on compacts, produced at a pressure of 70 bar
  • the mixture is placed in a metal press mold, the surface of which has previously been wetted with a release agent, and pressed at 90 ° C. for 30 seconds at a pressure of 50 bar.
  • the product obtained has a smooth surface, it is aged for 24 hours and gets its final hardness.
  • Example 3 69.9% by weight of wood flour is mixed with 15% by weight of castor oil and 0.1% by weight of catalyst until the wood flour is uniformly wetted. 15% by weight of polyisocyanate according to Example 1 are then added and the mixture is mixed again. The mixture is placed in a metal mold preheated to 85 ° C. and pressed for 60 seconds at a pressure of 83 bar.

Abstract

The invention concerns a method of producing a non-polluting material by mixing 5 to 25 % by wt. of castor oil, 50 to 90 % by wt. of cellulose-containing material as filler, 5 to 25 % by wt. of polyisocyanate and 0 to 10 % by wt. of a catalyst to give a base mixture which is then converted into the required form. Curing of the mixture is carried out at a temperature in the range 20 to 200 °C and at a pressure of 1 to 100 bar for a period of time between 10 s and 15 h.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines umweltfreundlichen Werkstoffs, der bei dem Verfahren erhaltene Werkstoff und seine Verwendung Process for producing an environmentally friendly material, the material obtained in the process and its use
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines umweltfreundlichen Werkstoffs, einen umwelt¬ freundlichen Werkstoff und seine Verwendung als Mate- rialsubstitut für PVC.The invention relates to a method for producing an environmentally friendly material, an environmentally friendly material and its use as a material substitute for PVC.
Zum Bau von Bürotrennwänden werden z.Zt. für die Ver¬ steifungsrahmen Aluminiumhohlprofile verwendet. Die Abdeckplatten, Endstücke, Kabelkanäle usw. bestehen meistens aus Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) . Im Bereich der Fenster werden heute ebenfalls in großer Zahl Kunst- stoffenster mit aus PVC gefertigten Rahmen einge¬ setzt. PVC als Werkstoff für derartige Bauteile weist jedoch entscheidende Nachteile auf. Zum einen ist das Recycling noch nicht zufriedenstellend gelöst, zum anderen entwickelt PVC im Brandfall gefährliche Gase.For the construction of office partitions are currently Aluminum hollow profiles used for the stiffening frame. The cover plates, end pieces, cable ducts, etc. mostly consist of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). A large number of plastic windows with frames made of PVC are also used in the window area today. PVC as a material for such components, however, has decisive disadvantages. On the one hand, recycling has not yet been satisfactorily resolved; on the other hand, PVC develops dangerous gases in the event of a fire.
Somit besteht heute ein großer Bedarf, das PVC durch ein umweltfreundliches Produkt aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen zu ersetzen.So today there is a great need to replace PVC with an environmentally friendly product made from renewable raw materials.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt ausgehend hiervon die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Werkstoff zu entwickeln, der die Nachteile von PVC nicht aufweist und biolo¬ gisch abbaubar ist. Der Werkstoff soll dabei ähnliche mechanische Eigenschaften wie PVC besitzen, insbeson- dere muß die Brandschutzklasse B2 in jedem Fall er- füllt sein. Die Ausgangsmaterialien zur Herstellung des umweltfreundlichen Werkstoffs sollen natürlicher Herkunft sein. Das Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung soll auf einfache Weise schnell und ohne besonderen Aufwand erfolgen. Der Werkstoff soll preisgünstig herstellbar sein, und das Gewicht entsprechender Formteile soll nicht über dem der gegenwärtig einge¬ setzten Teile liegen. Aus dem Werkstoff hergestellte Bauteile sollen sich inert verhalten und ihre Eigen- schaft im Lauf der Zeit nicht ändern.Proceeding from this, the object of the present invention is to develop a material which does not have the disadvantages of PVC and which is biodegradable. The material should have similar mechanical properties to PVC, in particular fire protection class B2 must in any case be filled. The starting materials for the production of the environmentally friendly material should be of natural origin. The process for its production should be carried out in a simple manner quickly and without any special effort. The material should be inexpensive to manufacture and the weight of the corresponding molded parts should not be greater than that of the parts currently used. Components made from the material should be inert and should not change their properties over time.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst, hinsichtlich des neuen Werk¬ stoffes durch die Kennzeichen des Anspruches 11, in bezug auf die Verwendung durch die Merkmale des An¬ spruches 12.The object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1, with regard to the new material by the features of claim 11, in relation to the use by the features of claim 12.
Der erfindungsgemäße Werkstoff besitzt die Nachteile von PVC nicht und ist biologisch abbaubar. Er besitzt ähnliche mechanische Eigenschaften wie PVC. Der er¬ haltene Werkstoff ist starr elastisch und von hoher Festigkeit. Bei mechanischer Punktbelastung, wie sie z.B. bei der Befestigung von Holzschrauben oder der Einbringung von Holznägeln auftritt, bleibt die Struktur des umgebenden Materials erhalten. Ein Ein¬ reißen, wie dies beispielsweise bei Holz auftreten kann, wird nicht beobachtet. Der Werkstoff läßt sich problemlos mechanisch bearbeiten. Beim Sägen oder Fräsen ist kein Einreißen der Grenzflächen oder gar Abplatzen von kleineren Teilstücken zu beobachten.The material according to the invention does not have the disadvantages of PVC and is biodegradable. It has mechanical properties similar to PVC. The material obtained is rigidly elastic and of high strength. With mechanical point loading, e.g. the structure of the surrounding material is preserved when fastening wood screws or inserting wooden nails. A tearing, as can occur, for example, with wood, is not observed. The material can be machined easily. When sawing or milling, no tearing of the interfaces or even flaking off of smaller sections can be observed.
Der erfindungsgemäße Werkstoff erfüllt auch die For¬ derungen der Brandschutzklasse B2. Insbesondere wird durch den Einbau von Aluminiumhydroxyd bei Entflam- mungsversuchen eine merkliche Verbesserung des Brand- Verhaltens festgestellt. Der Einbau von Aluminium¬ hydroxyd und die damit einhergehende Abspaltung von Wasser verhindert den direkten Angriff der Flammen. Die Brandschutzklasse B2 nach DIN 4102 ist somit er- füllt.The material according to the invention also fulfills the requirements of fire protection class B2. In particular, the incorporation of aluminum hydroxide in ignition attempts will significantly improve the fire Behavior determined. The installation of aluminum hydroxide and the associated elimination of water prevent the flames from attacking directly. The fire protection class B2 according to DIN 4102 is thus fulfilled.
In zahlreichen Versuchen hat sich zudem gezeigt, daß beim erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff keine merkliche Was¬ seraufnahme erfolgt, Preßlinge wurden dazu über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg in Wasser getaucht. Nach 80 Stunden wurde keine nennenswerte Wassermenge vom Werkstoff aufgenommen. Am Werkstoff konnten keine physikalischen und chemischen Änderungen beobachtet werden.Numerous tests have also shown that there is no noticeable water absorption in the material according to the invention. For this purpose, compacts were immersed in water over a longer period of time. After 80 hours, no significant amount of water was absorbed by the material. No physical and chemical changes could be observed on the material.
Erfindungsgemäß wird als Füllstoff cellulosehaltiges Material, bevorzugt Holzmehl, Sägespäne oder sonsti¬ ger Holzabfall, verwendet. Das verwendete Füllmittel kann als solches als Abfall anfallen, oder man kann größere Holzstücke, die als Abfall anfallen, entspre¬ chend verkleinern. Der Füllstoff sollte vorzugsweise eine Faserlänge im Bereich von 5 μm bis 750 μ und eine Faserstärke von 5 μm bis 200 μm nicht über¬ schreiten. Besonders bevorzugt besteht der Füllstoff aus pulverisiertem Holz wie Holzmehl oder aus kleinen Sägespänen. Es ist weiter bevorzugt, erfindungsgemäß pulverisiertes Buchenholz mit einer Faserlänge von bis zu 180 μm und einer Faserstärke von 30 bis 50 μm zu verwenden.According to the invention, cellulose-containing material, preferably wood flour, sawdust or other wood waste, is used as the filler. The filler used can be obtained as waste, or larger pieces of wood that are generated as waste can be reduced accordingly. The filler should preferably not exceed a fiber length in the range from 5 μm to 750 μm and a fiber thickness from 5 μm to 200 μm. The filler particularly preferably consists of pulverized wood such as wood flour or small sawdust. It is further preferred to use pulverized beech wood according to the invention with a fiber length of up to 180 μm and a fiber thickness of 30 to 50 μm.
Das bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwendete Rizinusöl kann irgendein im Handel erhältliches Rizi¬ nusöl sein. Seine Säurezahl sollte 20 nicht über¬ schreiten. Bevorzugt besitzt es eine Säurezahl von 0,1 bis 14. Die Säurezahl bezeichnet die Menge in mg an KOH, die zur Neutralisation von 1 g Probe ver¬ braucht wird. Der Wassergehalt des Rizinusöls sollte nicht höher als 1,0 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Rizi¬ nusöl, vorzugsweise unter 0,1 Gew.-% liegen. Bevor¬ zugt stammt das Rizinusöl aus der ersten Pressung. Rizinusöl besteht hauptsächlich aus dem Glycerid der Rizinolsäure. Im' folgenden sind die Formeln der Rizi- nolsäure und die Hauptbestandteile des Rizinusöls angegeben:The castor oil used in the process according to the invention can be any commercially available castor oil. Its acid number should not exceed 20. It preferably has an acid number of 0.1 to 14. The acid number denotes the amount in mg of KOH, which is used to neutralize 1 g of sample. The water content of the castor oil should not be higher than 1.0% by weight, based on the castor oil, preferably less than 0.1% by weight. The castor oil preferably comes from the first pressing. Castor oil consists mainly of the glyceride of ricinoleic acid. The following are the formulas of ricinoleic acid and the main components of castor oil:
Rizinolsäure und der Hauptbestandteil des RizinusölsCastor oil and the main component of castor oil
CH3—(CH2)-CH-CH2-CH==CH-(CH2)7-COOH OH CH2-OCO-(CH2)7-CH==CH-CH2CHOH-(CH2)5-CH3 CH-OCO-(CH2)7-CH==CH-CH2CHOH-(CH2)5-CH3 CH2-OCO-(CH2)7-CH==CH-CH2CHOH-(CH2)5-CH3 CH 3 - (CH 2 ) -CH-CH 2 -CH == CH- (CH 2 ) 7 -COOH OH CH 2 -OCO- (CH 2 ) 7 -CH == CH-CH 2 CHOH- (CH 2 ) 5 -CH 3 CH-OCO- (CH 2 ) 7 -CH == CH-CH 2 CHOH- (CH 2 ) 5 -CH 3 CH 2 -OCO- (CH 2 ) 7 -CH == CH-CH 2 CHOH - (CH 2 ) 5 -CH 3
Als Katalysator werden erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt ter- tiäre Amine, wie "Polycat SA-610/50" (Hersteller: Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Allentown, PA 18195 USA) oder bicyclische und anellierte N-haltige Heterocy- clen wie z.B. Diazobicycloundecin verwendet.Tertiary amines such as "Polycat SA-610/50" (manufacturer: Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Allentown, PA 18195 USA) or bicyclic and fused N-containing heterocycles such as e.g. Diazobicycloundecin used.
Andere Beispiele sind:Other examples are:
Organo-Metall-Verbindungen, wie z.B. Sn-Octeat, DBTDL.Organometallic compounds, e.g. Sn-Octeat, DBTDL.
Bevorzugt wird der Katalysator so ausgewählt, daß die Reaktionsbeschleunigung erst im Bereich von T > 20°C einsetzt. Dies hat den Vorteil einer langen Verarbei¬ tungszeit der Grundmischung, da die endgültige Aus¬ härtung somit auf den Verfahrensschritt C begrenzt ist. Erfindungsgemäß kommen als Polyisocyanate für die Herstellung von Polyurethanen an sich bekannte Poly¬ isocyanate in Betracht, d.h. es können aliphatische, cycloaliphatische, araliphatische, aromatische und heterocyclische Polyisocyanate verwendet werden, wie sie z.B. von W. Siefken in Liebig's Annalen der Che¬ mie, Band 562, Seiten 75 bis 136, beschrieben werden.The catalyst is preferably selected so that the reaction acceleration does not start until T> 20 ° C. This has the advantage of a long processing time for the basic mixture, since the final curing is thus limited to process step C. According to the invention, polyisocyanates which are known per se can be considered as polyisocyanates for the production of polyurethanes, ie aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates can be used, as described, for example, by W. Siefken in Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, vol 562, pages 75 to 136.
Bevorzugte Polyisocyanate sind im allgemeinen die verschiedenen Toluylendiisocyanate, Diphenylmethan- diisocyanate und insbesondere Polymethylenpolyphenyl- polyisocyanate sowie Gemische aus diesen Isocyanat- Arten.Preferred polyisocyanates are generally the various tolylene diisocyanates, diphenylmethane diisocyanates and in particular polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanates and mixtures of these types of isocyanates.
Die sekundären OH-Gruppen des Rizinusöls reagieren mit dem Diisocyanat unter Vernetzung, wie es in dem folgenden Reaktionsschema dargestellt wird:The secondary OH groups of castor oil react with the diisocyanate with crosslinking, as shown in the following reaction scheme:
Reaktion einer sekundären OH-Gruppe des Rizinusöls mit DiisocyanatReaction of a secondary OH group of castor oil with diisocyanate
CH2-OCO- ( CH2) 7CH==CH-CH2CHOH- ( CH2) 5-CH3 + 0==N==C-R2-C==N==0 kCH 2 -OCO- (CH 2 ) 7 CH == CH-CH 2 CHOH- (CH 2 ) 5 -CH 3 + 0 == N == CR 2 -C == N == 0 k
- CH 2) 5~CH3 ► _c-NH-R 2-C-NH-C-0-C-H- CH 2 ) 5 ~ CH 3 ► _c-NH-R 2 -C-NH-C-0-CH
0 O CHCH2-CH==CH ( CH2) 7-OCO-CH2-R1 0 O CHCH 2 -CH == CH (CH 2 ) 7 -OCO-CH 2 -R 1
Das NCO/OH-Verhältnis liegt bevorzugt im angegebenen Gewichtsbereich bei 0,95:1 bis 1,1:1.The NCO / OH ratio is preferably in the stated weight range from 0.95: 1 to 1.1: 1.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es bevorzugt, daß dem erhaltenen Gemisch ein Flammschutzmittel zugesetzt wird. Bei¬ spiele für Flammschutzmittel sind Aluminiumhydroxyd, Halogen-, Antimon-, Wismut-, Bor- oder Phosphorver- bindungen oder deren Gemische. Erfindungsgemäß ist es besonders bevorzugt, Aluminiumhydroxyd zu verwenden. Das gepulverte Aluminiumhydroxyd verleiht dem System eine verstärkte Flammwidrigkeit.According to the invention, it is preferred that a flame retardant is added to the mixture obtained. Examples of flame retardants are aluminum hydroxide, halogen, antimony, bismuth, boron or phosphorus compounds or mixtures thereof. It is according to the invention particularly preferred to use aluminum hydroxide. The powdered aluminum hydroxide gives the system increased flame resistance.
Das erfindungsgemäße Produkt kann weiterhin Zeolith enthalten.The product according to the invention can also contain zeolite.
Der eingesetzte Zeolith bindet die im Reaktionsge¬ misch befindliche Restfeuchte. Eingesetzt werden Zeo- lithe mit Porendurchmessern von 3 Ä bis 5 Ä.The zeolite used binds the residual moisture present in the reaction mixture. Zeolites with pore diameters of 3 Ä to 5 Ä are used.
Die Mischung der Einsatzstoffe kann in beliebiger Reihenfolge erfolgen, es gibt hier keine Beschrän¬ kung. Es ist auch möglich, einige der Bestandteile zuvor mit einem Teil des Rizinusöls zu vermischen und dann den Rest des Rizinusöls und die anderen Bestand¬ teile zuzugeben. In der beigefügten Fig. 1 ist die Herstellung des Werkstoffs anhand eines Fließschemas dargestellt. Die FülIstoffko ponenten lassen sich problemlos miteinander vermischen. Die Homogenisie¬ rung von Füllstoff und Bindemittel sollte in einem eigens dafür vorgesehenen Mischer erfolgen.The starting materials can be mixed in any order, there is no restriction here. It is also possible to mix some of the components beforehand with a part of the castor oil and then to add the rest of the castor oil and the other components. In the accompanying Fig. 1, the production of the material is shown using a flow diagram. The filler components can easily be mixed together. The homogenization of filler and binder should be carried out in a mixer provided for this purpose.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird vorge- schlagen, zuerst die Einsatzstoffe Rizinusöl, Füll¬ stoff und Katalysator, gegebenfalls noch ein Flamm¬ schutzmittel zu vermischen und erst anschließend das Polyisocyanat hinzuzufügen. Auch durch diese Maßnahme wird gewährleistet, daß die Grundmischung über eine große Zeitspanne (bis zu 1 Tag) verarbeitbar bleibt, insbesondere dann, wenn - wie bevorzugt vorgeschlagen - der Katalysator erst bei einer Temperatur im Be¬ reich von > 20°C, bevorzugt im Bereich von 40°C, sei¬ ne Aktivität entfaltet. Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die ein¬ zelnen Bestandteile in folgenden Mengen eingesetzt:According to a preferred embodiment, it is proposed to first mix the starting materials castor oil, filler and catalyst, if appropriate also a flame retardant, and only then add the polyisocyanate. This measure also ensures that the basic mixture remains processable over a long period of time (up to 1 day), in particular when - as preferably proposed - the catalyst only at a temperature in the range of> 20 ° C., preferably at Range of 40 ° C, its activity unfolds. In the process according to the invention, the individual constituents are used in the following amounts:
Füllstoff: 50 - 90 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 60 - 80, Polyisocyanat: 5 - 25 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 - 20,Filler: 50-90% by weight, preferably 60-80, polyisocyanate: 5-25% by weight, preferably 10-20,
Rizinusöl: 5 - 25 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 - 20,Castor oil: 5 - 25% by weight, preferably 10 - 20,
Katalysator: 0 - 10 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0 - 0,3.Catalyst: 0-10% by weight, preferably 0-0.3.
Erfindungsgemäß werden die Einsatzstoffe aus Holz- mehl, Rizinusöl, Katalysator, Polyisocyanat und gege¬ benenfalls dem Flammschutzmittel vermischt, in eine Form gegeben und bei einer Temperatur im Bereich von 20°G bis 200°C, vorzugsweise 20 bis 100°C, besonders bevorzugt 35 bis 80°C und einem Druck von 1 bis 100 bar, vorzugsweise 2 bis 60 bar, während einer Zeit im Bereich von 30 Sekunden bis 10 Stunden, vorzugsweise 30 Sekunden bis 6 Stunden, ausgehärtet. Besonders bevorzugt ist es, das erhaltene Produkt bei 40°C und 40 bar während 30 bis 40 Sekunden auszuhärten.According to the invention, the starting materials made from wood flour, castor oil, catalyst, polyisocyanate and, if appropriate, the flame retardant are mixed, placed in a mold and particularly preferably at a temperature in the range from 20 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably 20 to 100 ° C. 35 to 80 ° C and a pressure of 1 to 100 bar, preferably 2 to 60 bar, cured for a time in the range of 30 seconds to 10 hours, preferably 30 seconds to 6 hours. It is particularly preferred to cure the product obtained at 40 ° C. and 40 bar for 30 to 40 seconds.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann die erhalte¬ ne Mischung einzeln in Formen gegeben und gepreßt, oder es kann eine Endlosproduktion durchgeführt wer¬ den.In the process according to the invention, the mixture obtained can be given individually in molds and pressed, or continuous production can be carried out.
Die Endlosproduktion kann a) durch Extrudieren oder b) durch Heißwalzen erfolgen.The continuous production can be carried out a) by extrusion or b) by hot rolling.
Das Reaktionsgemisch bildet nach der Aushärtung eine geschlossene und ausgesprochen glatte Oberfläche aus, dabei ist die plastische Auflösung, d.h. die Größe geometrischer Figuren, die noch plastifiziert werden kann, sehr hoch. Feinste filigrane Muster werden durch das Material sehr exakt wiedergegeben. Der Werkstoff erhält erst nach einer Auslagerung von 24 Stunden seine Endhärte. Das Bindemittel ist hydroly¬ sefest und schließt das Füllstoffgemisch vollständig und wirkt der Aufnahme von Wasser entgegen.After curing, the reaction mixture forms a closed and extremely smooth surface; the plastic resolution, ie the size of geometric figures that can still be plasticized, is very high. Finest filigree patterns reproduced very precisely by the material. The material only gets its final hardness after it has been aged for 24 hours. The binder is resistant to hydrolysis and completely closes the filler mixture and counteracts the absorption of water.
Das erfindungsgemäß erhaltene Produkt kann in vorge¬ fertigten Raumgliederungssystemen als Material-Sub- stitut für Kunststoff- und Metallrahmen, als Lack- schienen und Verkleidungselemente-Material und als Profilmaterial verwendet werden. Es kann PVC voll¬ ständig oder teilweise ersetzen und somit auch im Fensterbau eingesetzt werden.The product obtained according to the invention can be used in prefabricated room division systems as a material substitute for plastic and metal frames, as paint rails and cladding element material and as a profile material. It can replace PVC completely or partially and can therefore also be used in window construction.
Die physikalischen Eigenschaften des gemäß Beispiel 1 erhaltenen Produktes sind in der folgenden Tabelle 1 angegeben:The physical properties of the product obtained according to Example 1 are given in Table 1 below:
Druckfestigkeit: ermittelt an Preßlingen, hergestellt bei einem Druck von 50 barCompressive strength: determined on compacts, manufactured at a pressure of 50 bar
Druckfestigkeit : 6 MPaCompressive strength: 6 MPa
Elastizitätsmodul: ermittelt an H-Profilen, herge- stellt bei einem Druck von 50 barElastic modulus: determined on H-profiles, manufactured at a pressure of 50 bar
Elastizitätsmodul: 2,57 * 108 N/m2 Young's modulus: 2.57 * 10 8 N / m 2
Zum Vergleich beträgt das Elastizitätsmodul von Aluminium 7,1 * 1010N/m2, von Vulcanfiber 4,9 * 1009N/m2. Bruchdehnung eR ermittelt an H-Profilen, hergestellt bei einem Druck von 50 barFor comparison, the elastic modulus of aluminum is 7.1 * 10 10 N / m 2 , of Vulcanfiber 4.9 * 10 09 N / m 2 . Elongation at break e R determined on H profiles, manufactured at a pressure of 50 bar
eR=0,03e R = 0.03
Dichte p, ermittelt an Preßlingen, hergestellt bei einem Druck von 70 barDensity p, determined on compacts, produced at a pressure of 70 bar
p = 1,02 g/cm2 p = 1.02 g / cm 2
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung:The following examples illustrate the invention:
Beispiel 1:Example 1:
70 Gew.-% Holzmehl werden mit 12,5 Gew.-% Rizinusöl und 5 Gew.-% Zeolith vermengt, bis das Holzmehl voll¬ ständig benetzt ist. Anschließend werden 12,5 Gew.-% Polydiisocyanat auf der Basis von Methyldiphenylen- diisocyanat (MDI) mit einem freien NCO Anteil von ca. 30% hinzugegeben, und es wird innigst vermischt. Die Mischung wird in eine Metallpreßform gegeben, deren Oberfläche zuvor mit einem Trennmittel benetzt wurde, und bei 200° C sechs Stunden bei einem Druck von 5 bar gepreßt. Das erhaltene Produkt besitzt eine glat¬ te Oberfläche.70% by weight of wood flour are mixed with 12.5% by weight of castor oil and 5% by weight of zeolite until the wood flour is completely wetted. Then 12.5% by weight of polydiisocyanate based on methyldiphenylene diisocyanate (MDI) with a free NCO content of about 30% is added, and the mixture is mixed thoroughly. The mixture is placed in a metal mold, the surface of which has previously been wetted with a release agent, and pressed at 200 ° C. for six hours at a pressure of 5 bar. The product obtained has a smooth surface.
Es wird 24 Stunden ausgelagert, dabei erhält das Pro¬ dukt seine Endhärte.It is aged for 24 hours, the product gets its final hardness.
Beispiel 2:Example 2:
40 Gew.-% Holzmehl werden mit 20 Gew.-% Aluminium¬ hydroxyd gemischt. Nach Zugabe von 9,9 Gew.-% Zeo¬ lith, 15 Gew.-% Rizinusöl und 0,1 Gew.-% Katalysator werden die Komponenten so lange vermischt, bis die Feststoffanteile vollständig benetzt sind. Anschlie¬ ßend fügt man 15 Gew.-% Isocyanat nach Beispiel 1 zu und vermischt das System vollständig.40% by weight of wood flour are mixed with 20% by weight of aluminum hydroxide. After adding 9.9% by weight of zeolite, 15% by weight of castor oil and 0.1% by weight of catalyst, the components are mixed until the Solids are completely wetted. Subsequently, 15% by weight of isocyanate according to Example 1 are added and the system is mixed completely.
Die Mischung wird in eine Metallpreßform, deren Ober¬ fläche zuvor mit einem Trennmittel benetzt wurde, gegeben und bei 90°C 30 Sekunden mit einem Druck von 50 bar gepreßt.The mixture is placed in a metal press mold, the surface of which has previously been wetted with a release agent, and pressed at 90 ° C. for 30 seconds at a pressure of 50 bar.
Das erhaltene Produkt besitzt eine glatte Oberfläche, es wird 24 Stunden ausgelagert und erhält dabei seine Endhärte.The product obtained has a smooth surface, it is aged for 24 hours and gets its final hardness.
Beispiel 3: 69,9 Gew.% Holzmehl werden mit 15 Gew.% Rizinusöl und 0,1 Gew.% Katalysator gemischt, bis das Holzmehl gleichmäßig benetzt ist. Anschließend fügt man 15 Gew.% Polyisocyanat nach Beispiel 1 hinzu und mischt abermals. Die Mischung wird in eine auf 85°C vorge- heizte Metallform gegeben und 60 Sekunden mit einem Druck von 83 bar gepreßt. Example 3: 69.9% by weight of wood flour is mixed with 15% by weight of castor oil and 0.1% by weight of catalyst until the wood flour is uniformly wetted. 15% by weight of polyisocyanate according to Example 1 are then added and the mixture is mixed again. The mixture is placed in a metal mold preheated to 85 ° C. and pressed for 60 seconds at a pressure of 83 bar.

Claims

PatentansprücheClaims
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines umweltfreundli¬ chen Werkstoffes, gekennzeichnet durch die Kom¬ bination der folgenden Merkmale: a) daß 5-25 Gew.-% Rizinusöl, 50-90% Cellulo- se-enthaltendes Material als Füllstoff, 5- 25% Polyisocyanat und 0-10% eines Katalysa¬ tors als Einsatzstoffe zu einer Grund¬ mischung vermischt werden, b) daß die Grundmischung in eine gewünschte Form gebracht wird, c) daß eine Aushärtung bei einer Temperatur imProcess for the production of an environmentally friendly material, characterized by the combination of the following features: a) that 5-25% by weight castor oil, 50-90% cellulose-containing material as filler, 5-25% polyisocyanate and 0-10% of a catalyst as starting materials are mixed into a basic mixture, b) that the basic mixture is brought into a desired shape, c) that curing at a temperature in the
Bereich von 20°C bis 200°C, bei einem Druck von 1 bar bis 100 bar während einer Zeit im Bereich von 10 See. bis 15 Std. durchgeführt wird.Range from 20 ° C to 200 ° C, at a pressure of 1 bar to 100 bar for a time in the range of 10 sea. up to 15 hours.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß die Mischung der Einsatzstoffe (Verfah¬ rensschritt a) in beliebiger Reihenfolge er¬ folgt.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing of the starting materials (process step a) takes place in any order.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß als Einsatzstoffe zuerst Rizinusöl, Katalysator, Füllstoff und anschließend das Po¬ lyisocyanat vermischt werden.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that castor oil, catalyst, filler and then the polyisocyanate are mixed as starting materials.
Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Verfah¬ rensschritt a) eine oder mehrere Flammschutzmit¬ tel zugefügt werden. 5. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rizinusöl vor der Vermischung mit den anderen Einsatzstof¬ fen mit Zeolith vermischt wird.Process according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one or more flame retardants are added in process step a). 5. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the castor oil is mixed with zeolite before mixing with the other feedstocks.
6. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Rizinusöl mit einer Säurezahl < 20 und einem Wassergehalt < l-Gew.% eingesetzt wird.6. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a castor oil with an acid number <20 and a water content <1% by weight is used.
7. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Füllstoff7. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the filler
• ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe Holzmehl, Sägespä¬ ne oder Holzabfall oder andere Cellulose-enthal- tend nachwachsende Rohstoffe, wie z.B. Reisspel¬ ze.• is selected from the group wood flour, sawdust or wood waste or other cellulose-containing renewable raw materials, such as Rice husks.
8. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Katalysa- tor tertiäre Amine oder bicyclische und anel- lierte Heterocyclen mit Stickstoff eingesetzt werden.8. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the catalyst used is tertiary amines or bicyclic and fused heterocycles with nitrogen.
9. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Katalysa¬ tor so ausgewählt ist, daß die Beschleunigung der Reaktion bei einer Temperatur > 20°C ein¬ setzt.9. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the catalyst is selected so that the acceleration of the reaction starts at a temperature> 20 ° C.
10. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flamm¬ schutzmittel ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe Alu¬ miniumhydroxyd, Halogen-, Antimon-, Wismut-, Bor-, oder Phosphorverbindungen bzw. deren Mi- schungen. 11. Umweltfreundlicher Werkstoff, dadurch gekennzei¬ chnet, daß er nach einem der Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10 erhalten worden ist.10. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the flame retardant is selected from the group aluminum hydroxide, halogen, antimony, bismuth, boron or phosphorus compounds or mixtures thereof. 11. Environmentally friendly material, characterized gekennzei¬ chnet that it has been obtained by one of the methods according to claims 1 to 10.
12. Verwendung des umweltfreundlichen Werkstoffes nach Anspruch 11 in vorgefertigten Raumgliede¬ rungssystemen, als Materialsubstitut für Kunst¬ stoff- und Metallrahmen, als Leitschienen- und Verkleidungselemente-Material und als Profilma- terial. 12. Use of the environmentally friendly material as claimed in claim 11 in prefabricated space division systems, as a material substitute for plastic and metal frames, as guardrail and cladding element material and as profile material.
PCT/DE1994/001537 1993-12-29 1994-12-23 Method of producing a non-polluting material, the material obtained by the method and use of the material WO1995018185A1 (en)

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DE19934344891 DE4344891A1 (en) 1993-12-29 1993-12-29 Process for producing an environmentally friendly material, the material obtained in the process and its use

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