WO1995013853A1 - Dispositif de traitement d'eau - Google Patents

Dispositif de traitement d'eau Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1995013853A1
WO1995013853A1 PCT/US1994/012839 US9412839W WO9513853A1 WO 1995013853 A1 WO1995013853 A1 WO 1995013853A1 US 9412839 W US9412839 W US 9412839W WO 9513853 A1 WO9513853 A1 WO 9513853A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
ultraviolet
housing member
lamp
tubing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1994/012839
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George H. Pankey
Original Assignee
Whitehall Water Filtration Systems
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whitehall Water Filtration Systems filed Critical Whitehall Water Filtration Systems
Priority to AU10909/95A priority Critical patent/AU1090995A/en
Publication of WO1995013853A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995013853A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/08—Radiation
    • A61L2/10—Ultra-violet radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/24—Apparatus using programmed or automatic operation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
    • C02F2201/326—Lamp control systems

Definitions

  • Point-of-use water filtration systems are becoming increasingly popular to provide good tasting clean drinking water at the tap, where the water is to be consumed.
  • Many such systems use a media filter, such as compressed charcoal, activated charcoal, or other types of materials for filtering out impurities from the water.
  • a media filter such as compressed charcoal, activated charcoal, or other types of materials for filtering out impurities from the water.
  • filters are used with water which already has been treated with chlorine for the purpose of killing bacteria and viruses in the water.
  • the filters effectively remove the chlorine, chloramine, THM's, herbicides, pesticides, and other chemicals, along with metal such as lead.
  • Such filters leave the trace minerals in the water; so that the water has a satisfying taste.
  • a shortcoming of media filters is that the particle sizes of bacteria and viruses in the water supply are smaller than the filtration capability; so that such filters do not remove bacteria and viruses from the untreated water.
  • Reverse osmosis systems are cumbersome, expensive and require steady maintenance.
  • reverse osmosis systems waste large amounts of water (approximately three to five gallons or more to obtain one gallon of safe drinking water) .
  • Reverse osmosis systems also remove the trace minerals, which are essential to good health; and the taste of the water is not as satisfying as natural or filtered water.
  • Systems employing ultraviolet treatment pass the water through a clear or transparent conductor in close proximity to a source of ultraviolet light to expose the bacteria in the water to the ultraviolet light.
  • Ultraviolet light kills bacteria and viruses; but ultraviolet treatment does not treat the water for bad taste, odors, or contaminants of the type which are removed by media filtration devices.
  • ultraviolet purification systems Because of the relatively high expense of ultraviolet purification systems, they are not in widespread use.
  • the bulb life of ultraviolet lamps typically is in the range of eight thousand hours. This is a relatively long life; but if the ultraviolet lamp is left on continuously, to ensure that filtration always takes place when water flows through the system, the life of the bulb is expended in less than one year.
  • many ultraviolet purification systems employ a manually operated switch to switch on the ultraviolet lamp when the purification of water is desired, and to switch it off when purification is not desired.
  • the danger of such a manually switched system is that if the switch inadvertently left on when it should be turned off, the life of the bulb is shortened. Conversely, if the switch is turned off and a person draws water from the system, no purification of that water takes place, which, many situations, can be dangerous to the health of the consumers of the water drawn through the system.
  • a water treatment device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention, includes an enclosed hollow housing member, which has a water inlet and a water outlet.
  • a length of ultraviolet-transparent tubing is helically wound and releaseably attached to the inside of the housing.
  • An ultraviolet lamp extends into the interior of the helically wound ultraviolet-transparent tubing to expose water passing through the tubing to the ultraviolet light.
  • a flow-responsive electrical switch is attached to close an electrical circuit to the ultraviolet lamp whenever water flow takes place through the tubing. When water flow is terminated, the switch is opened, thereby causing the lamp to be activated only when it is necessary to purify water passing through the helical tube around the lamp.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a water treatment system employing a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3A and 3B are enlarged cross-sectional views of a portion of the embodiment of Figure 2 showing two different states of operation;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of Figure 2.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a typical arrangement for an under- the-sink installation of a water purification and filtration system employing a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • a counter top 10 has faucet 15, with a hot water inlet 11 and a cold water inlet 13 connected, respectively, to suitable sources of hot and cold water through valves 12 and 14.
  • This is a standard sink arrangement for water supplies in most homes, businesses and rest rooms throughout the world.
  • the main cold water supply is obtained from an external water source (not shown) through a shut-off valve 19.
  • This valve 19 supplies water to the valve 14; and, in addition, water is supplied through a "T" tap 20 through a line 22 to a sediment filter 24.
  • the sediment filter 24 may be a conventional sediment trap or strainer, which may be opened to periodically remove sediment deposits from the trap.
  • Water passing through the unit 26 is exposed to ultraviolet light to kill viruses and bacteria; and the water then passes out of the unit 26 through an outlet line 30 to the inlet of a media filter 32, which may be filled with pressed carbon, activated carbon, KDF, silver carbon or the like for filtering dissolved contaminants from the purified water.
  • a media filter 32 which may be filled with pressed carbon, activated carbon, KDF, silver carbon or the like for filtering dissolved contaminants from the purified water.
  • water at the outlet of the filter unit 32 is supplied over an outlet line 34 to a drinking water faucet 18, which also may be of a standard configuration.
  • the sediment trap 24 and the media filter 32 may be of any suitable standard commercial design. For that reason, no details of these elements are illustrated.
  • the ultraviolet filter 26 is shown in detail in the cross-sectional view of Figure 2.
  • the unit 26 is shown consisting of an elongated cylindrical body 36, which is closed at its top end by a cap 38, and at its bottom end by a cap 40.
  • the top cap 38 is removable to permit access to the interior for replacing the ultraviolet bulb 56, or for replacing the plastic tubing 46/48/50.
  • the unit 36/38/40 typically is made of ultraviolet/opaque plastic, such as opaque CPVC.
  • a typical size which has been incorporated into operating units is for the overall height of the hollow housing member 36/38/40 to be approximately eleven and one-half inches high, with a three and one-half inch diameter. PVC pipe materials are readily available in these sizes; so that the outer housing member 26 readily can be manufactured of inexpensive materials.
  • Water which passes through the sediment trap 24 is supplied to a water inlet of the housing member 26 through a suitable opening in the base 40, and passes through a pipe 42 to a flow sensitive switch unit 44. Water passing out of the switch unit 44 is supplied to one end of an ultraviolet-transparent plastic tubing 46, which is wound in tight, stacked helical coil 48. The upper end of the coil 48 then passes downwardly through the device (via tubing portion 50) and is connected to the water outlet pipe 30 on the opposite side of the base 40 of the housing member 26.
  • the helical coil 48 of transparent plastic tubing is held in place in the position shown in Figure 2 by means of four equally spaced elongated double-sided adhesive tape strips 49 (two of which are shown in Figure 2) extending parallel to the central axis of the cylindrical portion 36 of the housing member 26.
  • the spiral coil 48 simply is pressed into place to engage the tacky surface of the adhesive on the strips 49 and is securely held in place, as illustrated in Figure 2, throughout the life of the device.
  • an elongated ultraviolet lamp 56 extends downwardly on the central axis of the housing portion 36 into the center of the helical coil 48 of the transparent tubing.
  • Power for the lamp 56 is obtained from a conventional 110 Volt alternating current supply through a cord 28 passing through a grommet in the cap 38 of the housing 26 to a mounting base 54 for the lamp 56.
  • Current to the lamp 56 passes through a switch in the flow-responsive switch unit 44, which is connected to the power supply for the lamp 56 in the base 54 by means of a wire pair 52.
  • the ultraviolet disinfection portion of the system shown in Figure 2 causes relatively high turbulence to be produced in the water flowing through the system, because of the spiral configuration of the tube portion 48 and the relatively small internal diameter of the tubes .
  • An effective tube size has been found to be 3/16 inch od with a 1/8 inch id Material which has been found to be satisfactory for construction of the tube 46/48/50 is clear PVC or nylon.
  • Effective operation has been obtained from a plastic tube constructed of Tygon ® , which has a high transmittance for short-wave ultraviolet light.
  • the ultraviolet dosage from a 3 ⁇ Watt ultraviolet bulb exceeds thirty thousand UWS/CM 2 . This dosage has been found sufficient to exceed the dosage required to kill cholera, for example.
  • microorganisms By employing the spiral motion for introducing high turbulence into the water flow through the tube section 48, microorganisms have an equal probability of being at a maximum exposure distance from the ultraviolet lamp source 56.
  • the turbulence helps to mitigate shadowing effects caused by suspended solids in the fluid. Since the system is intended to be used with water, the potential for producing laminar flow, which results with fluids of high viscosity, is not likely, but even then the circular motion or spiral motion produced by the configuration of the tube portion 48 ensures exposure to effective dosages of ultraviolet light.
  • Figure 4 is a top view, which illustrates the relative spacing between the lamp 56 and spiral tube portion 48 inside the cylindrical portion 36 of the outer housing member 26.
  • the elongated ultraviolet lamp 56 is located on the central axis of the cylinder 36; so that the distance between the lamp 56 and the nearest portion of the walls of the spirally-wound part 48 of the clear plastic tubing is equal on all sides of the lamp 56.
  • the switch housing 44 includes a conventional reed switch 60, which is vertically oriented within the housing 44.
  • the reed switch 60 has movable reed 61, and is normally in the open position, as illustrated in Figure 3A.
  • the 110 Volt AC supply which is obtained over the cord 28 ( Figure 1) , is connected to one end of the reed or movable arm of the reed switch 61.
  • the other contact at the upper end of the reed switch 60 is then connected through the lead 52 to the lamp 56, and from there back to ground.
  • the ground wires also can extend from the switch 44 back into the housing 54 (via the wire pair 52 of Figure 2) ; but for purposes of illustration, the circuit shown in Figure 3A and 3B diagrammatically shows the electrical connections which are used.
  • a flow-responsive operator is employed. This is accomplished by connecting the inlet from the tube 42 at the bottom of the housing 44 through a connector 70 to one end of a vertical chamber 64 forming a portion of a "T" shaped flow tube.
  • the outlet side of the flow tube is through a horizontal portion 66 extending approximately from the mid portion of the vertical portion 64.
  • the portion 66 is connected through a connector 72 to the clear plastic tubing 46, as illustrated in both Figures 3A and 3B.
  • the pressure differential between the inlet pipe 42 and the outlet pipe 46 is such that substantially increased pressure is on the inlet side relative to the outlet side; and the water pressure pushes the magnet slug actuator 68 upwardly into the top part of the chamber 64, as illustrated in Figure 3B.
  • the position of the magnet slug 68 is opposite the upper end of the reed 61 of the switch 60 and pulls the switch reed 61 in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 3B.
  • the reed 61 makes electrical contact with the upper fixed contact to close the circuit from the voltage source to the ultraviolet lamp 56, thereby activating or illuminating the lamp 56.
  • a end light fiber optic sensor 74 is extended through the wall of the cylindrical portion 36 in a position to receive light from the lamp 56 passing through the transparent coil 48.
  • the sensor 74 provides a quick visual indication of the operation of the lamp 56, without having to remove the cover 38 to determine whether it is functioning.
  • the sensor 74 has a very small diameter; so that only a small amount of light passes through the sensor 74 during operation of the device.
  • the survival ratio is determined by the number of organisms initially present, the number surviving at any given time (the time of exposure) , the intensity of ultraviolet light impinging on the microorganisms, and a constant which depends upon the type of microorganisms and the wavelength of the ultraviolet light being used. Basically, for each given microorganism and ultraviolet light wavelength, the fraction of microorganisms killed depends upon the product of the ultraviolet light intensity and the exposure time. This product is known as the dosage; and it is the single most important parameter for rating any ultraviolet disinfection equipment .
  • the dosage obviously is dependent upon the strength and wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp, and the time of exposure is directly dependent upon the flow rate of the water through the system, as well as the number of turns of the transparent coil around the lamp, which determines the total amount of time any given unit of water is exposed to the light from the ultraviolet lamp. Consequently, the design parameters of the unit may be adjusted to ensure that microorganisms of the type expected to be encountered by the unit will be destroyed or killed in normal operation of the unit.
  • Dosage requirements for bacteria range from 2,500 to 25,000 UWS/CM 2 .
  • Yeast dosage requirements range from 6,600 to 17,000 UWS/CM 2 .
  • Mold, spore, fungi and algae dosage requirements range from 11,000 to 330,000 UWS/CM 2 .
  • Viruses, with the exception of the tobacco mosaic (not normally found in water) have dosage requirements in the same range as bacteria.
  • Protozoa and nematode eggs have extremely high dosage requirements.
  • the system which is described above is particularly useful in regions of the world which do not have good water purification systems. Even in areas of the world which use chlorine and ozone for purification, some viruses, such as polio and coxsackie require very high doses of chlorine and ozone to be effective. High chlorine dosages result in unhealthy, bad tasting water. For those parts of the world, however, where chlorine and ozone water purification are not used, or are ineffectively used, a system of the type described above is essential . When the unit shown in Figure 2 is interconnected in a series system of the type illustrated in Figure 1, the maximum effectiveness of good tasting pure water is realized. The system of the type illustrated in Figure 1 may be used with water supplies which are untreated or badly contaminated, and still provide good tasting water at the drinking water faucet 18.

Abstract

Un ensemble de purification d'eau (26) comprend un boîtier cylindrique (36) possédant un conduit d'eau (42) et une sortie d'eau (30). Un filtre de sédiments (24) est accouplé au conduit (42) à l'extérieur du boîtier (36). A l'intérieur du boîtier (36) se trouve un empilement hélicoïdal constitué par un tuyau transparent enroulé (48). Une lampe ultraviolette (36) s'étend à l'intérieur de l'empilement hélicoïdal (48) et est alimentée en courant par un fil (28). L'extrémité supérieure de l'empilement (48) traverse l'ensemble (26) en direction de sa partie inférieure pour devenir une partie de tuyau (50) branchée sur un conduit d'évacuation d'eau (30) sortant de la base (40) du boîtier.
PCT/US1994/012839 1993-11-16 1994-11-08 Dispositif de traitement d'eau WO1995013853A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU10909/95A AU1090995A (en) 1993-11-16 1994-11-08 Water treatment device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15253893A 1993-11-16 1993-11-16
US08/152,538 1993-11-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995013853A1 true WO1995013853A1 (fr) 1995-05-26

Family

ID=22543353

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1994/012839 WO1995013853A1 (fr) 1993-11-16 1994-11-08 Dispositif de traitement d'eau

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1090995A (fr)
WO (1) WO1995013853A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002038191A2 (fr) 2000-11-13 2002-05-16 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Procede d'inactivation de micro-organismes presents dans un fluide au moyen de rayonnement ultraviolet
EP1586539A1 (fr) * 2004-04-13 2005-10-19 Araiza, Rafael Dispositif de traitement d'un milieu liquide et/ou gazeux par radiations uv
JP2013508151A (ja) * 2009-10-27 2013-03-07 ダブリューエルアイ トレーディング リミテッド Ｕｖ光源を有する水浄化装置
WO2015031446A1 (fr) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Appareils de purification d'eau mettant en oeuvre des filtres et un rayonnement ultraviolet
WO2015031492A1 (fr) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Appareils de purification d'eau utilisant des filtres et un rayonnement ultraviolet
EP3386629A4 (fr) * 2015-12-11 2018-10-17 Trojan Technologies Système de traitement de fluide

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4400270A (en) * 1980-04-18 1983-08-23 Adco Aerospace, Inc. Ultraviolet apparatus for disinfection and sterilization of fluids
US4676896A (en) * 1986-01-17 1987-06-30 Norton William W Faucet mounted purifier
US4762611A (en) * 1987-09-16 1988-08-09 Myron L Company, Inc. Water quality indication system
US4769131A (en) * 1986-05-09 1988-09-06 Pure Water Technologies Ultraviolet radiation purification system
US5230792A (en) * 1990-01-24 1993-07-27 Christian Sauska Ultraviolet water purification system with variable intensity control
US5236578A (en) * 1992-07-07 1993-08-17 American Home Water Products Corporation Filter life indicator for water purification system using magnetically actuated switch

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4400270A (en) * 1980-04-18 1983-08-23 Adco Aerospace, Inc. Ultraviolet apparatus for disinfection and sterilization of fluids
US4676896A (en) * 1986-01-17 1987-06-30 Norton William W Faucet mounted purifier
US4769131A (en) * 1986-05-09 1988-09-06 Pure Water Technologies Ultraviolet radiation purification system
US4762611A (en) * 1987-09-16 1988-08-09 Myron L Company, Inc. Water quality indication system
US5230792A (en) * 1990-01-24 1993-07-27 Christian Sauska Ultraviolet water purification system with variable intensity control
US5236578A (en) * 1992-07-07 1993-08-17 American Home Water Products Corporation Filter life indicator for water purification system using magnetically actuated switch

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002038191A2 (fr) 2000-11-13 2002-05-16 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Procede d'inactivation de micro-organismes presents dans un fluide au moyen de rayonnement ultraviolet
WO2002038191A3 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-09-26 Bayer Ag Procede d'inactivation de micro-organismes presents dans un fluide au moyen de rayonnement ultraviolet
AU2002229545B2 (en) * 2000-11-13 2007-08-30 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Method of inactivating microorganisms in a fluid using ultraviolet radiation
EP1586539A1 (fr) * 2004-04-13 2005-10-19 Araiza, Rafael Dispositif de traitement d'un milieu liquide et/ou gazeux par radiations uv
WO2005100256A1 (fr) * 2004-04-13 2005-10-27 Rafael Araiza Dispositif pour traiter une substance liquide ou gazeuse au moyen de rayons uv
US8153058B2 (en) 2004-04-13 2012-04-10 Rafael Araiza Device for the treatment of a liquid or gaseous medium by means of UV radiation
JP2013508151A (ja) * 2009-10-27 2013-03-07 ダブリューエルアイ トレーディング リミテッド Ｕｖ光源を有する水浄化装置
US8890087B2 (en) 2009-10-27 2014-11-18 Wli Trading Limited Water purification apparatus comprising an UV source
WO2015031446A1 (fr) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Appareils de purification d'eau mettant en oeuvre des filtres et un rayonnement ultraviolet
WO2015031492A1 (fr) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Appareils de purification d'eau utilisant des filtres et un rayonnement ultraviolet
EP3386629A4 (fr) * 2015-12-11 2018-10-17 Trojan Technologies Système de traitement de fluide
US10689269B2 (en) 2015-12-11 2020-06-23 Trojan Technologies Fluid treatment system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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