WO1995012649A1 - Lubrication of refrigeration compressors - Google Patents

Lubrication of refrigeration compressors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995012649A1
WO1995012649A1 PCT/GB1994/002421 GB9402421W WO9512649A1 WO 1995012649 A1 WO1995012649 A1 WO 1995012649A1 GB 9402421 W GB9402421 W GB 9402421W WO 9512649 A1 WO9512649 A1 WO 9512649A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lubricant
composition according
lubricant composition
compressor
foam density
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1994/002421
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Barry Dennis Greig
Andrew Michael Smith
Andrew Swallow
Margaret Mary O'brien
Original Assignee
Castrol Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB939322887A external-priority patent/GB9322887D0/en
Priority claimed from GB9415118A external-priority patent/GB9415118D0/en
Application filed by Castrol Limited filed Critical Castrol Limited
Priority to DE69416154T priority Critical patent/DE69416154D1/de
Priority to AU80655/94A priority patent/AU8065594A/en
Priority to EP94931656A priority patent/EP0726930B1/en
Publication of WO1995012649A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995012649A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M147/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing halogen
    • C10M147/04—Monomer containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M155/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
    • C10M155/02—Monomer containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/02—Lubrication
    • F04B39/0215—Lubrication characterised by the use of a special lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/002—Lubrication
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
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    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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    • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
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    • C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
    • C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
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    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
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    • C10M2213/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained from monomers containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen
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    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
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    • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/50—Medical uses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the lubrication of refrigeration compressors.
  • Such a situation may occur, for example, at start up of the compressor, but may also occur during operation, for example, in multi compressor systems where pressure differences affect the lubricant/refrigerant equilibrium in one or more of the compressors.
  • This invention seeks to overcome such problems by enabling the continued use of existing compressors without the need for physical modification of the system.
  • a lubricant composition comprising a synthetic polyol ester lubricant and a foam density increasing additive for use in a refrigeration system having at least one compressor and employing a halocarbon working fluid, which additive is present in an amount sufficient to increase foam density and control vapour evolution from the compressor or one or more of the compressors.
  • the foam density increasing additive is a siloxane which has a molecular weight average in the range of from 200 to 13000.
  • siloxane in accordance with the invention, was able to overcome the previously reported problems by increasing foam density and controlling the evolution of refrigerant vapour during changes in compressor operation, for example, start up or other situations where the lubricant/refrigerant equilibrium in the compressor is affected, thus giving the means of overcoming the potential failure or wear problems and allowing continued use of existing compressors with the new working fluid/lubricant systems.
  • halogenated aliphatic polymeric esters such as Fluorad FC 430, a
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2 ⁇ ) fluorinated aliphatic polymeric ester available from 3M, Bracknell and certain organic polymers such as PC 1244, available from Monsanto.
  • the synthetic polyol ester lubricant suitably, although not necessarily, comprises an ester having a molecular weight of greater than 250, preferably an ester of an aliphatic mono-carboxylic acid and an alcohol having at least three hydroxy groups such as pentaerythritol and/or dipentaerythritol. Esters of this type are described in European Patent Specification No. 468729.
  • the polyol ester lubricant may be the sole lubricant of use, or may be present in a mixture with other synthetic and/or mineral based lubricants dependent on the refrigerant working fluid employed and the prior lubricants used in the system.
  • the halocarbon working fluid is preferably an environmentally acceptable fluorocarbon such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (known as HFC 134a or R 134a), although the invention is also applicable to earlier and now less acceptable working fluids containing chlorine such as R12 (dichlorodifluoromethane).
  • the invention is applicable to "Retrofill" situations where the previously used lubricant was, for example, an alkyl benzene or mineral oil with a working fluid selected from R12, R22, R502 or R511. Such use is described in the above referenced European Patent Specification No. 468729.
  • Alternative newly acceptable refrigerants such as R 404a may also be employed.
  • Siloxanes used as the foam density increasing additive suitably have a molecular weight average of from 200 to 1300 although the actual choice of siloxane will depend on the need for solubility in the lubricant employed. A preferred molecular weight average is from 236 to 5000.
  • the siloxane may also be defined in terms of its viscosity and siloxanes in the viscosity range of from 0.65 to 1000 centistokes at 25 degrees C, preferably 1 to 100 centistokes may be employed dependent on the lubricant and working fluid of use.
  • a suitable siloxane for use in accordance with the invention has been found to be that known as 200/5CS, molecular weight average 680, available from Dow Corning of Reading, Berkshire.
  • the amount of foam density increasing additive present must be sufficient to increase foam density and control vapour evolution from the, or one or more of the, compressors in the refrigeration system. While it will be appreciated that the optimum concentration can be determined by the man skilled in the art for a particular application, a preferred concentration lies in excess of 150 ppm additive based on the weight of the lubricant and is preferably greater than 200 ppm. In order to ensure that the additive will remain miscible with the refrigerant, it is preferable to employ not more than 1200 ppm additive. Preferably the lubricant contains less than 0.1% by volume of additive.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention can be employed with particular advantage to overcome start up flooding problems, for
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2t ⁇ example for an oil pump lubricated single compressor.
  • the lubricant is advantageously used to obviate unwanted refrigerant flooding effects caused, for example, during supply of lubricant with dissolved refrigerant to the compressor, the refrigerant content being high. This may occur as a result of a high pressure difference during supply of the lubricant, or as a result of a need to supply additional liquid refrigerant for cooling the compressor.
  • the invention has been found to be particularly useful in respect of semi-hermetic compressors, which are commonly used in multi-compressor installations and in connection with applications involving transportation of equipment where extremes of operating conditions can exacerbate the flooding problems.
  • a conventional Carrier Thinline "clip-on" container cooling unit was mounted in the open air and operated in the "modulation mode" with the supply air temperature sensor immersed in an ice-water mix (at zero degrees C). The temperature set point was adjusted to about zero degrees C to ensure that the compressor operated continuously. In the modulation mode the suction was restricted to ensure that the supply air temperature was kept constant and to avoid compressor overheating an amount of liquid refrigerant was allowed to enter the compressor. This resulted in the compressor “icing up” due to the cooling effect of the liquid refrigerant evaporating. This procedure was used to artificially generate a "flooded start” situation where the compressor sump contained approximately equal proportions of lubricant and liquid refrigerant.
  • test procedure was repeated using R 134a as working fluid together with a polyol ester lubricant and available from Castrol as Castrol ICEMATIC SW20.
  • a lubricant composition in accordance with the invention was employed with a supermarket refrigeration system shown diagrammatically in Fig. 4
  • the system shown in Fig. 1 comprises six Prestcold PL 300/10040 compressors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 linked to a single discharge line 7 leading to the configuration system single condenser. Of the six compressors, 1, 2 and 3 are connected to a higher suction pressure line 8. Compressors 4, 5 and 6 are connected to a low suction pressure line 9.
  • a common lubrication system for the six compressors comprises an oil separator 10 in the discharge line 7 upstream of the condenser, from which oil passes via float level valve to oil holding reservoir 11 maintained at a pressure nominally one bar above the high suction pressure of 3 bar.
  • the lubricant in reservoir 11 is thus saturated with refrigerant (e.g. R22) at 4 bar and ambient temperature, excess refrigerant boiling off via a pressure relief value 12 to the high suction pressure line 8.
  • refrigerant e.g. R22
  • Each compressor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is provided with a float level valve 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 supplying oil from reservoir 11 when required to that compressor.
  • compressors 1, 2 and 3 oil is fed from reservoir 11 at 4 bar to the compressor sumps at 3 bar, while for compressors 4, 5 and 6 oil is fed from reservoir 1 1 at 4 bar to the compressor sumps connected to the low suction pressure line at 1 bar.
  • a conventional synthetic polyol ester lubricant available from Castrol as Castrol ICEMATIC SW 32
  • compressor 4 5 and 6 suffered from inadequate lubrication.
  • the conventional napthenic oil lubricant was replaced by a lubricant in accordance with the present invention, a polyol ester, containing 240 ppm of siloxane 200/5cs.
  • the system operated normally, at low temperatures down to - 25 degrees C and showed no sign of inadequate compressor lubrication.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
PCT/GB1994/002421 1993-11-06 1994-11-04 Lubrication of refrigeration compressors WO1995012649A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69416154T DE69416154D1 (de) 1993-11-06 1994-11-04 Schmierung von kälteverdichtern
AU80655/94A AU8065594A (en) 1993-11-06 1994-11-04 Lubrication of refrigeration compressors
EP94931656A EP0726930B1 (en) 1993-11-06 1994-11-04 Lubrication of refrigeration compressors

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9322887.2 1993-11-06
GB939322887A GB9322887D0 (en) 1993-11-06 1993-11-06 Lubrication of refigeration compressors
GB9415118.0 1994-07-27
GB9415118A GB9415118D0 (en) 1994-07-27 1994-07-27 Lubrication of refrigeration compressors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995012649A1 true WO1995012649A1 (en) 1995-05-11

Family

ID=26303808

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1994/002421 WO1995012649A1 (en) 1993-11-06 1994-11-04 Lubrication of refrigeration compressors

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0726930B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1041110C (zh)
AU (1) AU8065594A (zh)
DE (1) DE69416154D1 (zh)
WO (1) WO1995012649A1 (zh)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0838640A3 (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-06-17 Matsushita Refrigeration Company Oil level equalizing system for plural compressors
EP0882889A2 (en) * 1997-06-04 1998-12-09 Carrier Corporation Enhanced oil film dilation for compressor suction valve stress reduction
WO2001057165A1 (en) * 2000-01-31 2001-08-09 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Refrigerant lubricant composition comprising a foam-inducing additive
US8003003B2 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-08-23 Dow Global Technologies Llc Refrigerant composition

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011052032A (ja) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-17 Hitachi Appliances Inc ２，３，３，３−テトラフルオロプロペンを用いた冷凍空調装置

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US3792755A (en) * 1973-03-26 1974-02-19 Tecumseh Products Co Method of suppressing noise in hermetic compressors
JPS5869298A (ja) * 1981-10-20 1983-04-25 Matsushita Refrig Co 冷凍機用潤滑油
US4556496A (en) * 1984-03-28 1985-12-03 Chevron Research Company Refrigeration lubricating oil containing dialkyl sulfosuccinate
US4829786A (en) * 1988-08-15 1989-05-16 American Standard Inc. Flooded evaporator with enhanced oil return means
EP0590238A1 (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-04-06 Tecumseh Products Company Method of making foam in an energy efficient compressor

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0838640A3 (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-06-17 Matsushita Refrigeration Company Oil level equalizing system for plural compressors
US5996363A (en) * 1996-10-28 1999-12-07 Masushita Refrigeration Company Oil level equalizing system for plural compressors
EP0882889A2 (en) * 1997-06-04 1998-12-09 Carrier Corporation Enhanced oil film dilation for compressor suction valve stress reduction
EP0882889A3 (en) * 1997-06-04 2000-05-03 Carrier Corporation Enhanced oil film dilation for compressor suction valve stress reduction
AU743177B2 (en) * 1997-06-04 2002-01-17 Carrier Corporation Enhanced oil film dilation for compressor suction valve stress reduction
WO2001057165A1 (en) * 2000-01-31 2001-08-09 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Refrigerant lubricant composition comprising a foam-inducing additive
US8003003B2 (en) * 2008-04-04 2011-08-23 Dow Global Technologies Llc Refrigerant composition
US8246852B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2012-08-21 Dow Global Technologies Llc Refrigerant composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69416154D1 (de) 1999-03-04
EP0726930B1 (en) 1999-01-20
CN1041110C (zh) 1998-12-09
AU8065594A (en) 1995-05-23
EP0726930A1 (en) 1996-08-21
CN1139450A (zh) 1997-01-01

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