WO1995012091A1

WO1995012091A1 - Pre-mixing combustion method and burner

Info

Publication number: WO1995012091A1
Application number: PCT/CN1994/000081
Authority: WO
Inventors: Heping Deng; Jieming Deng; Zhimin Deng; Lixin Deng
Original assignee: Liu, Wenwu; Liu, Yilin; Qu, Chao; Beijing Sihui Cultural Development Co.
Priority date: 1993-10-25
Filing date: 1994-10-25
Publication date: 1995-05-04
Also published as: AU7988794A; CN1102246A; CN1088818C

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of combusting many kinds of fuels, particularly heavy oil, tar and coal powder and burners. The method is: the pressured air injects into a mixing zone in the body of the burner through a second nozzle in which fuel extracted by means of the high speed injection of air mixes with air and is ignited there. The combustion gas is combusted further through the combustion zone and soaking zone and then enter furnace chamber. This burner may not use a conventional high pressure oil pump, but a secondary heating system, a blower and an ash removing system and can ensure that oil combusts completely. The nozzle can run a long time without slag, boinding and plugging. The temperature of the outlet of the burner may be regulated. The burner is suitable for the industrial furnace whose operating temperature is in a range of 50-1600 °C.

Description

Premixed enhanced combustion process and burner

Technical field

The invention relates to a premixed enhanced combustion process and a burner, and more particularly, to a process and a burner that can be burned with multiple fuels, which can be applied to an industrial furnace with a temperature of 50 to L600 ° C. And heating device.

Background technique

The patent application with the application number of CN86107739 and the invention name is "direct vaporization combustion of fuel oil and its combustion device" discloses a fuel vaporization combustion device, which is provided with a vaporization chamber, which is filled with liquid fuel. When the fuel is burned at the combustion port, The temperature of the combustion port is opened high, and the heat is transferred to the vaporization chamber, so that the temperature of the vaporization chamber is increased, so that the fuel flowing through the vaporization chamber is vaporized to a certain pressure, and the combustion is ejected from the combustion port. Although such a device can achieve vaporized combustion, the oil has a low vaporization efficiency because the oil is evaporated at a certain temperature, so it is not suitable for heavy oil.

The applicant of the present invention filed a patent application for the invention entitled "Fuel Gasification Combustion Process and Equipment" with the Chinese Patent Office on December 21, 1990, which disclosed a new combustion method and its device. The oil pipeline flows into the fuel gasifier located in the furnace, and a start-up gasifier is provided to heat and gasify the fuel in the fuel gasifier, so that the fuel is completely gasified at a high temperature. However, due to high-temperature gasification, after a period of time, the oxides will coke and cause clogging, making the burner unable to operate for a long time.

In addition, the existing burners, especially heavy oil burners, generally use high-pressure oil pumps and blowers, and require two heating systems, large energy consumption, oil nozzles are easy to coke and block, and because fuel and air are mixed and burned insufficiently, After burning, there is smoke, etc., and its effect is not ideal.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention has been made in view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a new fuel combustion method and device capable of sufficiently burning fuel to reduce pollution and capable of running for a long period of time in an energy-saving type. The present invention provides a fuel combustion method, which is characterized in that the combustion process is as follows: Pressurized air is sprayed to a mixing zone through a second control valve through a second nozzle to form a high-speed airflow;

The fuel enters the first injection through the first control valve through a conveying means-and is ejected under the attraction of the high-speed airflow, and is pre-mixed with the high-speed airflow in the mixing zone;

Ignition ignites the above-mentioned gas flow containing fuel particles or gaseous fuel, and the fuel gas passes from the mixing zone to the furnace through the combustion zone after being fully strengthened for combustion.

Since the combustion method of the present invention attracts fuel to be ejected from the nozzle through a high-speed pressurized air stream, and then the fuel gas is led to the furnace through enhanced combustion, the combustion is sufficient, and pollution can be significantly reduced.

The combustion method of the present invention can be used to burn fuels such as light oil, heavy oil, residue, asphalt, pulverized coal, coal gas, natural gas, petroleum liquefied gas, and synthetic gas.

According to the fuel combustion process of the present invention, after the combustion gas passes through the combustion zone, it can also pass through a uniform temperature zone and then enter the furnace. This will make the temperature more uniform.

In addition, the fuel combustion method according to the present invention may further include a start-up combustion stage. The starting fuel enters the first injection through the third control valve-and is ejected under the attraction of the high-speed airflow, and is pre-mixed and atomized with the high-speed airflow in the mixing zone. After ignition, the first control valve is opened and the third control valve is closed. Stop the supply of start-up fuel, and the fuel is ejected under the attraction of the high-speed airflow. The fuel gas is mixed and burned with the high-speed airflow in the mixing zone. The fuel gas is fully strengthened from the mixing zone to the furnace after the combustion zone, and then opens to the furnace. The three control valves supply start fuel, close the first control valve, stop supplying fuel, then close the third control valve, stop supplying start fuel, and finally, close the second control valve to stop supplying pressurized air.

The invention provides a burner comprising a container for storing fuel and a fuel delivery pipe. The fuel delivery pipe is provided with a first control valve, the delivery pipe is connected to a first spray, and a first nozzle is located below the container. ; Means for preheating said container and conveying pipe; pressurized air is connected to the second spray through a second control valve; a burner body composed of a shell, a refractory insulation layer and a reinforced combustion cylinder, a mixing zone and a combustion zone are formed inside The combustion zone is provided with gasification means. The zone has openings to communicate with the outside. The first and second jets P and the mouth extend through the shell of the body and the fire insulation layer to the mixing zone. The two jets and the axis are approximately vertical. The body is also provided with an ignition channel. The burner can use fuels such as light oil, heavy oil, residual oil, and asphalt.

The present invention also provides a combustion container, which includes a fuel storage container and a fuel delivery pipe. The fuel delivery pipe is provided with a first control valve, the delivery pipe is connected to the first nozzle, and the first nozzle is located at the first nozzle. Under the container; the device for driving the fuel forward is arranged between said container and the conveying pipe; pressurized air is connected to the second spray through a second control valve; and a burner composed of a shell, a fire-resistant insulation layer and a reinforced combustion cylinder The main body has a mixing zone and a combustion zone formed therein. The combustion zone is provided with a strengthening means. The zone has openings to communicate with the outside. The first and second nozzles extend through the shell of the body and the refractory insulation layer to the mixing zone. Spray P and the axis is approximately vertical, and the body is also provided with an ignition channel.

The burner may use fuel such as pulverized coal, and the device for driving the fuel may be a vibration device, such as a vibrating screen.

The present invention further provides a burner, wherein gas fuel is connected to the first nozzle through a fuel delivery pipe provided with a first control valve; pressurized air is connected to the second nozzle through a second control valve; The burner body composed of a combustion cylinder has a mixing zone and a combustion zone formed therein. The combustion zone is provided with strengthening means. The zone has openings to communicate with the outside. The first and second nozzles pass through the shell of the body and the refractory insulation layer. Extending to the mixing zone, the axis of the two nozzles is approximately vertical, and the body is also provided with an ignition channel.

The burner can use various kinds of gas such as coal gas, natural gas, petroleum liquefied gas, and syngas.

The above three burners may be provided with observation holes on the burner body.

The above three types of combustion ^ can also form a uniform temperature zone inside the burner body.

According to the burner of the present invention, the concentration of the combustor is enhanced to form a combustion zone and a uniform temperature region. The longitudinal length of the enhanced combustor is larger than its transverse cross-sectional size and has a long table shape. strengthen.

According to the fuel combustion method and the burner of the present invention, a high-pressure oil pump, a blower, a secondary heating system, and a flue gas dust removal system can be omitted. If the pulverized coal requires a fly ash recovery system, long-term combustion will not cause coking or clogging. It can burn without flames and the temperature can be adjusted. It can form a large area of relatively uniform temperature or long steel flames, especially for inferior fuels such as asphalt and coal gangue.

Overview of the drawings

^ The present invention is further described by describing a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawings. Bright.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a heavy oil burner of a fuel combustion method according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line A--A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 1;

囷 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in FIG. 1;

Fig. 5 shows a steering cylinder diagram.

The names of each part number are as follows:

1 a discharge pipe, 2—ceramic fiber, 3—heating wire, 4—heating pipe, 5—refueling pipe, 6—heavy fuel tank, 7—regulating valve, 8—remaining temperature pipe, 9—oil guiding pipe, 10—oil guiding pipe , 11—refueling pipe, 12—control valve, 13—light oil tank, 14—three control valves, 15—control valve, 16—oil guide tube, 17—oil guide tube, 18—observation hole, 19—second control valve, 20—the second nozzle, 21—the first nozzle, 22—the mixing zone, 23—the gasification column, 24—the ignition channel, 25—the air duct, 26—the pressure reducing valve, 27—the pressure control valve, 28— First control valve, 29—oil guide pipe, 30—shell, 31—ceramic fiber, 32—uniform temperature hole, 33—ceramic plate, 34—dividing hole, 35—ceramic plate, 36—enhanced combustion tube, 37—empty Press, 38—gas storage tank, 39—shell, 40—ceramic fiber, 41—steering cylinder, 42—combustion zone, 43—uniform temperature zone.

Best Mode of the Invention

Fig. 1 shows a heavy oil burner according to the present invention.

The heavy oil is sent to the heavy oil tank 6 through the fuel filler pipe 5 through the primary heating system (not shown), and the electric heating wire 3 is connected to preheat the heavy fuel tank 6, the oil guide pipe 29, the oil guide pipe 16, and the heavy oil therein. The light oil is refueled through The pipe 11 enters the light oil tank 13 and the oil guiding pipe 10. The conventional pressure control circuit such as a pressure control valve is used to make the air storage tank maintain a certain pressure of air. The pressure air is ejected from the air storage tank 38 through the control valve 19 from the second nozzle 20, and the internal part of the burner body For the mixing zone 22, the combustion zone 42, and the temperature equalizing zone 43, the air ejected by the second nozzle generates a high-speed airflow in the mixing zone 22. The control valve 14 is opened, and the light oil enters the first nozzle 21 through the oil guide pipe 17 due to the differential pressure, and is ejected by the suction effect generated in the mixing zone, and is mixed with the air and atomized. Ignition (such as electric heating wire ignition, electronic gas ignition or electric isolation ignition) is used to ignite the atomized and mixed oil gas stream through the ignition channel. The temperature of the gasification column 23 in the combustion zone rises rapidly and the polymerization temperature becomes red. The ignition can be stopped, and the gasification column 23 can gasify the atomized gas stream to prevent misfire, and the flame passes through the temperature dividing hole.

— A— 34. Uniform temperature hole 32. In this embodiment, the enhanced combustion cylinder 36 gathers to form a combustion zone and a uniform temperature zone. Its longitudinal length is larger than the transverse cross-sectional size and has a long shape. Because of the enhanced combustion cylinder, gasification column, Both the temperature plate and the temperature equalizing plate are made of Gao Lufeng wo ceramics, which can significantly reduce the noise generated during intensified combustion. The combustion airflow finally enters the furnace (not shown in the figure), and the residual temperature gas at the end of the bore enters the heavy oil tank 6 through the residual temperature duct 8, heats the heavy oil through the residual temperature duct 4, and is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 1.

When heating up to the flow of heavy oil, open control valves 28 and 15 and the heavy oil will flow to the first nozzle 21 through oil guide pipe 29, control valve 15 and oil guide pipe 16 due to the differential pressure, close control valve 14, and stop the supply of light oil. The first nozzle 21 is attracted by the high-speed airflow ejected from the second nozzle to be mixed, atomized, and combusted to form normal combustion of heavy oil. At this time, the power of the heating wire 3 can be cut off, and only the residual temperature can be used for preheating.

Before stopping the combustion, first close the control valve 28 and open the control valve 12 at the same time. The light oil enters the oil guide pipe 29 and the oil guide pipe 16 through the oil guide pipe 9, at this time, the light oil is burned again, then the control valves 12, 15 are closed, and finally the control valve is closed. 19.

In this embodiment, the distance from the intersection of the first nozzle and the second nozzle to the mouth of the first nozzle is about 1-4 mm, and the intersection point is very close to the second nozzle—and the mouth is very close, and the first and second nozzles—and The inside diameter of the mouth is about 3 mm.

The amount of control oil and pressure air can be adjusted through each control valve to adjust the outlet temperature of the burner to suit various furnaces. The burner of this embodiment is suitable for use in industrial furnaces and heating devices having a temperature of 50 to 1600'C.

The pressure of the pressurized air in this embodiment is about 4 kg / cm ^2. At this time, the combustion is good, and the minimum pressure should not be lower than 1 kg / cm ² .

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of several gasification columns provided in this embodiment.

Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of a temperature dividing plate in this embodiment.

Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a temperature equalizing plate in this embodiment.

Of course, this burner can also use light oil, residue, bitumen, etc.

The combustion process of the embodiment of the present invention has been described above. It should be understood that this embodiment is not a limitation on the present invention, and the present invention may have various modifications.

For example, for a long heating furnace such as a ceramic porcelain kiln, the burner body can directly enter the furnace without the temperature uniform zone including the temperature dividing plate and the temperature equalizing plate.

Needless to say, the shape and number of the gasification column, the temperature dividing plate and the temperature equalizing plate can naturally be varied. Kind of change. The longitudinal length and cross-sectional size of the internal space of the enhanced combustion cylinder can also be changed, such as oblong, spherical, tapered, etc. In this embodiment, the internal space of the enhanced combustion cylinder is a straight cylinder, and it goes without saying that it may also have other shapes, such as a snake shape, a spiral shape, a spiral shape, and the like. The transverse cross-sectional shape can have various variations, such as square, rhombic, oval, triangular, semi-circular, etc., and a spiral rifle line can be formed under the above shape.

In addition, in order to adapt to different furnaces, a corner piece as shown in Fig. 5 can be used to change the burning direction.

Regarding the distance from the intersection of the first nozzle and the second nozzle to the first and second nozzle mouths, as well as the shape and cross-sectional size of the nozzle mouth, can be different depending on the type of fuel, the pressure of air pressure, and the application.

For high-temperature furnaces, when using this burner, you can add pure radon to pressurized air or ignition channels or observation holes to increase the combustion temperature.

For medium and low temperature furnaces, when using this burner, air can also be sent through the channel on the body to reduce energy consumption.

In addition, when the burner of the present invention uses gas fuels such as coal gas, natural gas, petroleum liquefied gas, and syngas, the first spray and the second spray can be designed as a spray ¾L structure. The spray structure is provided with two inlets and one outlet. The axes of the two inlets are approximately vertical. One of them is a gas fuel inlet and the other is a compressed air inlet. The compressed air inlet and the outlet are approximately on the same axis.

In short, various modifications made within the spirit of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Industrial applicability

According to the fuel combustion method and the burner of the present invention, a high-pressure oil pump, a blower, a secondary heating system, and a flue gas dust removal system can be used, and "they can be burned without coking or clogging for a long period of time, flameless combustion, and the temperature can be adjusted. The formation of large-area relatively uniform temperature or long steel flame combustion, especially inferior fuels such as bitumen, coal gangue and pulverized coal. The combustion process and the burner of the present invention are widely used.

Claims

Rights request

1. A fuel combustion method, characterized in that the combustion process is as follows:

Pressurized air is sprayed into the mixing zone through the second control valve through the second nozzle to form a high-speed airflow. Fuel enters the first nozzle through the first control valve through a conveying means, and is ejected under the attraction of the high-speed airflow. The above-mentioned high-speed airflow premixing;

Ignition ignites the above-mentioned gas stream containing fuel particles or gaseous fuel, and the fuel gas flows from the mixing zone to the furnace through the combustion zone after being fully strengthened.

The fuel combustion method according to claim 1, wherein the fuel is one of light oil, heavy oil, residue oil, asphalt, pulverized coal, coal gas, natural gas, petroleum liquefied gas, and synthetic gas.

3. The fuel combustion method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion gas from the combustion zone passes through a temperature equalizing zone provided with a temperature equalizing means, and then enters the furnace.

4. The fuel combustion method according to claim 1, wherein said conveying means is a preheating machine, so that the fuel can flow into the first nozzle due to the level difference.

5. The fuel combustion method according to claim 1, wherein said conveying means is a vibrating device to allow the fuel to enter the first nozzle.

6. The fuel combustion method according to claim 1, comprising a start-up combustion stage, before ignition, the start-up fuel enters the first nozzle through a third control valve, is ejected under the attraction of the high-speed airflow, and is mixed in The zone is pre-mixed and atomized with the high-speed airflow. After ignition, the first control valve is opened, the third control valve is closed, and the supply of start-up fuel is stopped; the fuel is ejected under the suction of the high-speed airflow through the preheating, and is mixed with the high-speed air in the mixing zone. The air flow is premixed and burned. The fuel gas is fully strengthened from the mixing zone to the furnace after the combustion zone. After the combustion is stopped, the third control valve is opened to supply the start fuel, the first control valve is closed to stop the fuel supply, and then the third is closed. The control valve stops the supply of start-up fuel. Finally, the second control valve is closed to stop the supply of pressurized air.

7. The fuel combustion method according to any one of claims 1, 4, and 6, wherein the residual temperature gas at the tail of the furnace is used to preheat the fuel. One

8. The fuel combustion method according to claim 3, wherein the residual temperature gas at the tail of the furnace is used to preheat the fuel.

9. The fuel combustion method according to claim 4, wherein the preheating machine is a heating wire.

10. The fuel combustion method according to claim 6, wherein said starting fuel is light oil.

11. A burner, comprising a container for storing fuel and a fuel delivery pipe, wherein the fuel delivery pipe is provided with a first control valve, the delivery pipe is connected to a first nozzle, and a first nozzle is located at the first nozzle; Under the container; means for preheating the container and the conveying pipe; pressurized air is connected to the second nozzle through the second control valve; the burner is composed of a shell, a refractory insulation layer and a reinforced combustion cylinder, and a mixture is formed inside the burner Zone and combustion zone. The combustion zone is provided with gasification means. This zone has openings connected to the outside. The first and second spray nozzles ¾L extend through the shell of the body and the refractory insulation layer to the mixing zone. The two spray axes are approximately vertical. State, the body is also provided with an ignition channel.

12. A burner, comprising a container for storing fuel and a fuel delivery pipe, wherein the fuel delivery pipe is provided with a first control valve, the delivery pipe is connected to the first spray, and the first spray It is said below the container; the device for driving the fuel is arranged between the container and the conveying pipe; means for preheating the fuel conveying pipe; pressurized air is connected with the second nozzle through the second control valve; The thermal insulation layer and the burner body that strengthens the combustion cylinder are formed with a mixing zone and a combustion zone inside. The combustion zone is provided with a strengthening means. The zone has openings that communicate with the outside. The first and second sprays pass through the body. The shell and refractory insulation layer extend to the mixing zone, the two nozzle axes are approximately vertical, and the body is also provided with an ignition channel.

13. A burner characterized in that gaseous fuel is connected to the first injection through a fuel delivery pipe provided with a first control valve; pressurized air is connected to the second injection nozzle through a second control valve; The burner body composed of a thermal insulation layer and a reinforced combustion cylinder has a mixing zone and a combustion zone formed therein. The combustion zone is provided with a strengthening means. The zone has an opening to communicate with the outside. The first and second nozzles pass through the shell of the body. And the refractory insulation layer extends to the mixing area, the two nozzle axes are approximately vertical, and the body is also provided with an ignition channel.

14. The burner according to any one of claims 11-13, wherein the burner body is provided with an observation hole.

15. The burner according to claim 11-13, characterized in that the longitudinal length of the intensified combustion cylinder is longer than the lateral size.

16. The burner according to claim 12, wherein said means for driving the fuel forward is a vibration means.

17. The burner according to any one of claims 11, 12, 13, 16t, characterized in that a temperature equalization zone is formed between the combustion zone and the opening of the burner body, and a temperature equalization means is provided in the temperature equalization S .

18. The burner according to any one of claims 11, 12, 13, and 16, characterized in that the gasification or strengthening means is to strengthen the combustion cylinder and a plurality of gasification columns consolidated with the refractory insulation layer.

19. The burner according to claim 17, wherein said means for equalizing temperature are a temperature dividing plate and a temperature equalizing plate.

20. The burner according to any one of claims 11, 12, 13, and 16, characterized in that the reinforced combustion cylinder is made of a high-temperature, corrosion-resistant polythermal material.

21. The burner according to claim 20, wherein said material is a high-aluminum honeycomb ceramic.

22. The burner according to any one of claims 1], 13, and 16, characterized in that the gasification column is made of a high-temperature and corrosion-resistant polythermal material ".

23. The burner according to claim 22, wherein said material is a Gau honeycomb ceramic.

24. The burner according to any one of claims 11, 12, 13, and 16, characterized in that the refractory insulation layer is made of high-aluminum ceramic fiber.

25. The burner according to claim 19, wherein the temperature dividing plate and the temperature equalizing plate are made of a temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant polythermal material.

A burner according to claim 25, wherein said material is a high-aluminum honeycomb porcelain.

The burner described in claim 1 is characterized in that said preheating means is electric cooking.

28. The combustion plutonium as claimed in claim, further comprising means for preheating said gaseous fuel delivery pipe.

29. According to one of claims 11, 12, 16, 28 ^ D The characteristic is that the preheating means is to set a residual temperature duct, and use the residual temperature gas at the tail of the furnace to perform preheating.

30. The burner according to any one of claims 11, 12, and 16, characterized in that a fuel tank for storing start-up fuel is provided, which is connected to the first nozzle through a pipe provided with a third control valve.