WO1995010582A1 - Additifs de carburant - Google Patents

Additifs de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995010582A1
WO1995010582A1 PCT/EP1994/003386 EP9403386W WO9510582A1 WO 1995010582 A1 WO1995010582 A1 WO 1995010582A1 EP 9403386 W EP9403386 W EP 9403386W WO 9510582 A1 WO9510582 A1 WO 9510582A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel oil
additive
compression
ashless dispersant
fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1994/003386
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rinaldo Caprotti
Original Assignee
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. filed Critical Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
Publication of WO1995010582A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995010582A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/12—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the operation of compression-ignition (or diesel) engines.
  • a restriction on such use of traps is that they become increasingly clogged with particulates and therefore inhibit the flow of exhaust emissions.
  • a trap may eventually have to be cleaned in situ before it can be re-used, a process which may be referred to as regeneration.
  • a first aspect of the invention is a method of operating a compression- ignition-engine using, as fuel, a liquid hydrocarbon compression-ignition fuel oil which method comprises combusting in the engine a liquid hydrocarbon compression-ignition fuel oil containing, as an additive, a minor proportion of an ashless dispersant or detergent, and filtering the exhaust emissions arising from said combusting to physically entrap and remove carbonaceous particulates from the emissions.
  • a second aspect of the invention is use of an ashless dispersant in a fuel oil to inhibit the time-dependent increase in smoke generation in a compression- ignition engine caused by the presence of a particle trap in its exhaust.
  • ashless dispersants mainly as additives for use in lubricant compositions, but also for use in hydrocarbon fuels. They generally contain only C, H O and, in most cases, N, but sometimes contain other non-metallic elements such as P, S or B.
  • EP-A-482 253 describes examples of ashless dispersants to which reference is directed. Some general classes of ashless dispersants are
  • interpolymers of oil-soluble monomers such as decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether and high molecular weight olefins with monomers containing polar substituents, e.g. aminoalkyl acrylates or acrylamides and poly(oxyethylene)-substituted acrylates
  • R ⁇ represents a hydrocarbon group having 1-30 carbon atoms and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 -22 carbon atoms, or an amino alkyl, acrylaminoalkyi or hydroxyalkyi group having 2-50 carbon atoms
  • n is an integer at least equal to 1
  • R ⁇ is a saturated or unsaturated linear hydrocarbon group having 10-22 carbon atoms and R ⁇ is a divalent alkylene or alkylidene group of 1 -6 carbon atoms
  • o macrocyclic compounds as described in WO 91/16408 to which attention is directed, e.g. the cyclised products of the reaction products of a polyalkylene polyamine with a polyalkenyl substituted succinic anhydride
  • the fuel oil is preferably a middle distillate fuel oil which boils within the range of about 100°C to about 500°C, e.g. about 150°C to about 400°C.
  • the fuel oil can comprise atmospheric distillate or vacuum distillate, or cracked gas oil or a blend in any proportion of straight run and thermally and/or catalytically cracked distillates or may be a vegetable oil or a derivative thereof such as an ester made by saponification and re-esterification, or may be a combination of a middle distillate fuel oil and a vegetable oil or derivative thereof.
  • the concentration of the additive of the invention in the fuel oil may be up to 250,000 ppm such as 1 to 2000 ppm (active ingredient) by weight per weight of fuel, preferably 10 to 1000 ppm.
  • the additive may be incorporated into bulk fuel oil by methods known in the art.
  • the additive may be so incorporated in the form of a concentrate comprising an admixture of the additive and a liquid carrier medium compatible with the fuel oil, the additive being dispersed in the liquid carrier medium.
  • Such concentrates preferably contain from 3 to 75 wt%, more preferably 3 to 60 wt%, most preferably 10 to 50 wt% of the additive, preferably in solution in the liquid carrier medium.
  • liquid carrier medium examples include organic solvents including hydrocarbon solvents, for example petroleum fractions such as naphtha, kerosene and heater oil; aromatic hydrocarbons; paraffinic hydrocarbons such as hexane and pentane; alkoxyalkanols such as 2-butoxyethanol; and isodecanol.
  • hydrocarbon solvents for example petroleum fractions such as naphtha, kerosene and heater oil
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and pentane
  • alkoxyalkanols such as 2-butoxyethanol
  • isodecanol isodecanol.
  • the liquid carrier medium must of course be selected having regard to its compatibility with the additive and with the fuel oil.
  • the fuel oil has a sulphur concentration of 0.2% by weight or less. More preferably, the sulphur concentration is 0.05% by weight or less, such as 0.01 % by weight or less.
  • the art describes methods for reducing the sulphur concentration of hydrocarbon distillate fuels, such methods including for example solvent extraction, sulphuric acid treatment, and hydrodesulphurisation.
  • the additives of the invention may be used singly or as mixtures of more than one additive. They may also be used in combination with one or more co- additives such as known in the art, for example the following: detergents (other than those of the additive of the invention), antioxidants (to help stabilise the fuel), corrosion inhibitors, dehazers, demulsifiers. metal deactivators, antifoaming agents, cetane improvers, cosolvents, package compatibilisers, lubricity additives, and wax crystal modifiers such as middle distillate flow improvers.
  • cetane improvers are particularly noteworthy, examples being organic nitrates and substituted triazoles and tetrazoles, for example those described in EP-A-230 783.
  • the cetane improver is an organic nitrate in the form of a nitrate ester containing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups with up to 30 carbon atoms, preferably saturated groups and preferably with up to 12 carbon atoms.
  • nitrates examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, iso-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, allyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, cyclododecyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, and 2-(2- ethoxyethoxy)ethyl nitrates.
  • the cetane improver may be used in the fuel at a concentration in the range of from 5 to 10000, preferably 50 to 5000 and most preferably from 100 to 2000 ppm by weight based on the weight of the fuel.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a diesel engine, exhaust and trap; and Figure 2 depicts two sets of results for Bosch smoke against time, the sets being marked A and B in the Figure.
  • an ashless dispersant in the form of a macrocyclic compound comprising the cyclised product of the reaction product of N, Nl-bis(3- aminopropyl)ethylene diamine with polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride as described in Example D of WO 91/16408.
  • cetane improver comprising an alkyl nitrate made from a C ⁇ alcohol.
  • the fuel used was a typical commercially available German diesel fuel in accordance with the German specification for 1992.
  • a ceramic matrix comprising an arrangement of very fine straight tubes of rectangular section as passageways for exhaust emissions.
  • the walls defining the tubes have a high surface area such that they are capable of entrapping particulates from the emissions.
  • the trap When the trap becomes blocked with particulates, it may be regenerated by heating jn situ to burn off the particulates.
  • test fuel was combusted in a combustion chamber 1 of the engine, the emissions from which combustion passed along an exhaust pipe 2 in the direction shown by arrow a and thence passed through a filter trap 3 which entrapped carbonaceous particulates from the emission. Filtered emissions then passed along a continuation exhaust pipe 4 in the direction shown by arrow b to be discharged. Bosch smoke was measured at periodic intervals at the position in exhaust pipe 2 depicted by arrow X.
  • the test was carried out using untreated fuel and, after cleaning engine injectors, using fuel containing an additive comprising the ashless dispersant (1000 ppm by weight per weight of fuel) and the cetane improver (1000 ppm by weight per weight of fuel).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, on fait fonctionner un moteur diesel avec un carburant contenant un additif dispersant dépourvu de cendres, et on fait passer par un collecteur filtre les émissions produites afin de piéger puis enlever les matières particulaires charbonneuses provenant desdites émissions.
PCT/EP1994/003386 1993-10-13 1994-10-12 Additifs de carburant WO1995010582A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9321370.0 1993-10-13
GB939321370A GB9321370D0 (en) 1993-10-13 1993-10-13 Fuel additives

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995010582A1 true WO1995010582A1 (fr) 1995-04-20

Family

ID=10743662

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1994/003386 WO1995010582A1 (fr) 1993-10-13 1994-10-12 Additifs de carburant

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB9321370D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995010582A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1705234A1 (fr) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-27 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Utilisation d'additifs détergents afin d'empêcher ou de réduire la formation des dépôts dans les systèmes d'injection pour moteurs diesel à injection directe
US8623105B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2014-01-07 Afton Chemical Corporation Fuel additives to maintain optimum injector performance
US10626318B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2020-04-21 Ecolab Usa Inc. Paraffin suppressant compositions and methods
US10738138B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2020-08-11 Ecolab Usa Inc. Paraffin inhibitors, and paraffin suppressant compositions and methods
US11629304B2 (en) 2020-11-13 2023-04-18 Ecolab Usa Inc. Synthetic lubricity additives for hydrocarbon fuels

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2343123A1 (fr) * 1976-03-02 1977-09-30 Testa Michel Epurateur de gaz d'echappements de moteurs a explosion ou de tout conduit degageant des gaz ou des fumees
WO1985001513A1 (fr) * 1983-10-05 1985-04-11 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions contenant du manganese et du cuivre
WO1988002392A2 (fr) * 1986-10-02 1988-04-07 The Lubrizol Corporation Complexes de titane et de zirconium et compositions pour carburants
WO1991016408A1 (fr) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-31 Exxon Chemical Limited Compositions combustibles
EP0476196A1 (fr) * 1990-09-20 1992-03-25 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Compositions combustibles hydrocarburées et additifs pour celles-ci
DE4033621C1 (en) * 1990-10-23 1992-06-25 Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De Filter for cleansing exhaust gas, esp. from diesel engine - has filter body with longitudinal channels which are sepd. by porous sepg. walls which are not penetrated by soot particles
WO1992020765A1 (fr) * 1991-05-13 1992-11-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Carburants diesel contenant des complexes organometalliques
WO1993001259A1 (fr) * 1991-07-02 1993-01-21 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Traitement pour carburant
WO1993012207A1 (fr) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-24 Platinum Plus, Inc. Methode permettant de reduire les emissions de particules d'un moteur diesel avec une composition organometallique coordonnee appartenant au groupe metallique du platine

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2343123A1 (fr) * 1976-03-02 1977-09-30 Testa Michel Epurateur de gaz d'echappements de moteurs a explosion ou de tout conduit degageant des gaz ou des fumees
WO1985001513A1 (fr) * 1983-10-05 1985-04-11 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions contenant du manganese et du cuivre
WO1988002392A2 (fr) * 1986-10-02 1988-04-07 The Lubrizol Corporation Complexes de titane et de zirconium et compositions pour carburants
WO1991016408A1 (fr) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-31 Exxon Chemical Limited Compositions combustibles
EP0476196A1 (fr) * 1990-09-20 1992-03-25 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Compositions combustibles hydrocarburées et additifs pour celles-ci
DE4033621C1 (en) * 1990-10-23 1992-06-25 Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De Filter for cleansing exhaust gas, esp. from diesel engine - has filter body with longitudinal channels which are sepd. by porous sepg. walls which are not penetrated by soot particles
WO1992020765A1 (fr) * 1991-05-13 1992-11-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Carburants diesel contenant des complexes organometalliques
WO1993001259A1 (fr) * 1991-07-02 1993-01-21 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Traitement pour carburant
WO1993012207A1 (fr) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-24 Platinum Plus, Inc. Methode permettant de reduire les emissions de particules d'un moteur diesel avec une composition organometallique coordonnee appartenant au groupe metallique du platine

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1705234A1 (fr) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-27 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Utilisation d'additifs détergents afin d'empêcher ou de réduire la formation des dépôts dans les systèmes d'injection pour moteurs diesel à injection directe
WO2006100083A1 (fr) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Utilisation d'additifs detergents pour reduire la quantite de particules dans des emissions de gaz d'echappement de moteurs diesels a injection directe
JP2008534699A (ja) * 2005-03-24 2008-08-28 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア 直噴ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス排出における微粒子量を減少させるための清浄添加剤の使用
AU2006226517B2 (en) * 2005-03-24 2011-12-01 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Use of detergent additives for reducing a particle amount in the exhaust gas of direct injection diesel engines
US8623105B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2014-01-07 Afton Chemical Corporation Fuel additives to maintain optimum injector performance
US10626318B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2020-04-21 Ecolab Usa Inc. Paraffin suppressant compositions and methods
US10738138B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2020-08-11 Ecolab Usa Inc. Paraffin inhibitors, and paraffin suppressant compositions and methods
US11629304B2 (en) 2020-11-13 2023-04-18 Ecolab Usa Inc. Synthetic lubricity additives for hydrocarbon fuels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9321370D0 (en) 1993-12-08

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