WO1995010054A1 - Dispositif de detection d'un changement de l'etat d'un ensemble mecanique, procede de surveillance de l'etat d'un ensemble mecanique et utilisation de ce dispositif - Google Patents
Dispositif de detection d'un changement de l'etat d'un ensemble mecanique, procede de surveillance de l'etat d'un ensemble mecanique et utilisation de ce dispositif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995010054A1 WO1995010054A1 PCT/CH1994/000196 CH9400196W WO9510054A1 WO 1995010054 A1 WO1995010054 A1 WO 1995010054A1 CH 9400196 W CH9400196 W CH 9400196W WO 9510054 A1 WO9510054 A1 WO 9510054A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- state
- mechanical assembly
- parts
- mechanical
- values
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for detecting a change in state according to the preamble of claim 1.
- sensors which are commonly used to obtain information as to the variables mentioned above, sensors which are of a different nature such as for example pressure, piezoelectric or other sensors, probes monitoring the positioning of a certain room, etc.
- proximity sensors or mechanical probes to establish information as to the existence or the quality of a contact between two parts, since such a sensor is often positioned between two surfaces. that we want to put in contact. This gives rise to space, wear and fragility difficulties which lead to limitations and disturbances in the application, or to excessively increased production costs.
- Document DE-C-938 273 describes a method of measuring the force with which two metal surfaces are pressed against each other, by measuring the ratio between the ultrasonic energy reflected by the interface of said metal surfaces in contact with each other, and ultrasonic energy passing through this interface.
- the ratio between the reflected part and the transmitted part is a function of the pressure with which the two surfaces are pressed against each other.
- the calculation and comparison means may be capable of producing an output signal comprising at least two values, one representing the presence of contact between the independent parts of said mechanical assembly and the other value representing the absence of contact.
- the device according to the invention may further comprise a storage means capable of storing a desired number of consecutive ranges of reference values and values of the output signal as well as an indicator means capable of allocatively indicating the appearance of an output signal from the calculation and comparison means corresponding to one of the ranges of values.
- the storage means may include a state selection and write control means capable of selecting a plurality of different states and of commanding the writing of the value of the output signal corresponding to each state selected in the means of memorization.
- the device according to the invention may also include coders capable of measuring the position of one or more of the independent parts, the set of transmitting and receiving elements as well as the calculation and comparison means being able to detect deformations or changes in the dimensions of said parts.
- a device can be a device for monitoring the state of a mechanical assembly in which at least one of the states from the following group of states is monitored: presence of an element, dimension, position, orientation and / or temperature of an element, state of transformation of dimensions, position, orientation and / or temperature of an element, state of transformation of the property or of the physical or chemical state of an element.
- the present invention also refers to a method for monitoring the state of a mechanical assembly in a process producing a transformation of said state or in a process in which said state should be kept constant, characterized by the following steps:
- the output signal represents a particular state (for example: “yes or no contact”) or indicates the degree to which this state is reached (for example: "0.95 to 1.00 degree contact”).
- a method according to the invention can also comprise a learning step during which values or ranges of values of the output signal and / or signals of the receiver elements representing a series of selected states are stored in the storage means. .
- the device according to the invention can be used in a process requiring the monitoring of the state of a mechanical assembly, such as a process for handling mechanical parts or a process in which the changes of state of a mechanical assembly manifest themselves in a change in overall sound-transmission characteristics.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram of the prehesion of a mechanical part by and between two other mechanical parts, the state of contact between these parts and the location of the first part between the other two being monitored by a device according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows the monitoring of the filling level of a container by a device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows the monitoring of a change of state of a material housed in a container, this change being monitored by a device according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a block electronic circuit for controlling and calculating an output signal from the device according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows the basic assembly according to FIG. 4 extended by certain additional functions
- Figures 6a-6i show different phases of a mechanical process as well as graphs representing the state calculations.
- FIG 1 there are two parts 1 and 2 whose part 2 can be stationary or mobile, the part 1 being capable of being urged towards the part 2 by means of a forced ⁇ F.
- a mechanical part 3 is positioned between the two parts 1 and
- Such a force application between the parts mentioned will for example be used for gripping by clamps of an industrial robot of a workpiece.
- a control and calculation unit 4 being connected to each of the transmitting and receiving elements.
- the assembly 4 includes an input M for switching on as well as an output S by which the output signal can be communicated to the operator of the mechanical assembly or to a digital control.
- each transmitting element Ei, E2 and E3 is controlled to emit sound signals which, propagating inside the elements of the mechanical assembly, will be received in each of the receiving elements Ri, R2 and R3, and the electronic assembly 4 receives the signals electronics produced by the receiving elements to compare them with the signals emitted by the transmitting elements in order to calculate the output signal.
- the mechanical element 1 and the mechanical element 2 would comprise only a transmitting element and a receiving element, for example the elements E2 and R2 and the sound signal would be emitted by the emitter E2, would cross the interface between parts 1 and 3, then part 3, the interface between parts 3 and 2 and would finally be received in receiver R2.
- the amplitude of the sound signal emitted by the transmitter E2 will be compared with the amplitude of the sound signal received by the receiver R2 will be compared with reference values and the difference of these two amplitudes will be an indicator for the presence or absence of contact between parts 1, 3 and 2.
- the amplitude of the sound signal received in the receiver R2 in the case where the contact between the three parts is established would be practically identical to the amplitude of the signal emitted by the transmitter E2, while in without contact, the amplitude of the sound signal received in the receiver R2 would be practically zero.
- we obviously do not get such a simple answer because even in the case of firm contact between the three parts, there is an attenuation of the signal * traveling the path indicated by absorption as well as by diffraction such that the formation of echoes at the interfaces between two parts. To improve the crossing of these interfaces, it is advantageous to use low frequencies.
- figure 1 we have indicated three transmitters and three receivers so that each receiver can receive the signals transmitted by each of the three transmitters, and as indicated in figure 5, a comparison between each received signal and reference values is performed in order to get simultaneous information as to the quality of the contact between the three parts as well as for the lateral positioning of the part 3 in the space between the parts 1 and 2.
- a coarse signal is obtained by the fact that the positioning of the part 3 indicated in FIG. 1 allows the least attenuated reception of the signal from the transmitter E2 in the receiver R2, while the signals transmitters Ei and E3 in the receiver R2 as well as the reception of the signal from the transmitter E2 in the receivers Ri and R3 is very attenuated.
- the transmission between E1 and Ri as well as between E3 and R3 is practically eliminated.
- FIGS. 6a to 6i An example of application is given by FIGS. 6a to 6i.
- Figure 6a shows a press, consisting of an apron B and a slide C.
- the slide moves vertically along a support D in which is mounted a means for measuring the position of the slide.
- the press is used to flatten a cylindrical profile A.
- the slider is in the PO position.
- the profile Figure 6b
- By continuing its descent Figure 6c
- it causes the profile to deform. It stops at point P3 ( Figure 6d) and starts to climb again.
- the residual elasticity of the profile means that contact will be lost only a little higher (P4, figure 6e).
- the ascent continues a little more, until the profile is released (Figure 6f).
- FIG. 6g shows the intensity I (non-linear scale) of the sound signal measured by the receiver R2 as a function of the position P of the slide.
- the signal had been transmitted continuously by the transmitter E2.
- Figure 6h shows a state description based on three fuzzy sets:
- FIG. 6i shows a state description based on two binary values: - CS1, which could be called "no contact”,
- this event is detected when CS1 goes from 0 to 1 (rising edge).
- the PI position at the start of contact is used to check or measure the profile diameter. This could require prior tests with profiles of known dimensions.
- the detection of the contact could also trigger an increase in the pressure in the hydraulic system so as to generate the force necessary for the crushing.
- the ascent could be stopped.
- the control system could calculate an estimate of the final height of the crushed profile. If this estimated height should prove to be too large, a second correction descent to a position lower than P3 could be carried out, otherwise the ascent would continue. It is important to note that the advanced release detection makes it possible to stop without letting go of the profile. A correction descent could be problematic if the profile had been released and had moved slightly.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show a similar application of the device according to the present invention, a liquid or particulate material 12 and 22 being introduced into a container 11 and 21 respectively, and the quality of transmission of a sound signal between the transmitter E and receiver R will be influenced in figure 2 by the fact that the filling level of the container 11 with the material 12 reaches or not the height of the path between the transmitter and receiver elements E and R, whereas in figure 3 the monitoring system E, R, 24 monitors the appearance of a change of state of the material 22 into a state 23 such as for example the boiling of a liquid, the transformation into foam of a polymer, the change of a crystal structure of a metal or any other change that results in a change in the acoustic properties of a material.
- receiver and transmitter are arranged on the same part but on different elements of this part.
- transmitter and receiver having positions always such that the modification of the state of the assembly takes place between them.
- This modification of acoustic properties can occur through a change in any physical or chemical state of a material, some of which have been mentioned as examples.
- control means 30 comprising a timing unit 31, as well as a control unit 32 capable of producing a signal for controlling the emission of a sound signal by a transmitting element.
- a control unit 32 capable of producing a signal for controlling the emission of a sound signal by a transmitting element.
- a transmitting element such as E, El, E2 or E3 of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, as well as a means of calculation and comparison 36 which includes a memory 33 in which are stored reference values VR as well as a computer 35 such as an amplitude calculator of the signal received by a receiver element R, i, 2, R 3 of FIGS. 1, 2 and
- the comparator 34 produces an output signal S which will subsequently be used directly by the user for information only or to control either a display means or a means for adjusting any process.
- FIG. 5 an electronic assembly has been indicated for controlling, calculating and comparing the sound signals of a device ; tif according to the invention such as that shown.
- This assembly comprising a timing means 40, a plurality of control units 41, 42, 43 for the transmitting elements El, E2 and E3 as well as a plurality of reading elements 47, 48, 49 receiving the signals produced by the receiver elements such as Ri, R2 and R3 of FIG. 1, as well as comparators 44, 45 and 46 for the comparison of each of the values stored in the memory 50 with the signals received by the receivers Ri, R2 and R3.
- This memory can be constituted, for example, simply by one or more potentiometers or by a digital memory.
- Comparators 44, 45 and 46 can incorporate circuits for the validation or suppression of signals as a function of the time between transmission and reception as mentioned above, as a function of the frequency used or others, and the output signals of these comparison units are communicated to a computer circuit 52 which is programmed so as to be able to send response signals S as a function of the values and constellations of values among the signals received from the comparators 44, 45 and 46.
- the response signal S is sent to a display means 54.
- the circuit according to FIG. 5 includes a learning means 51 connected to the timing means as well as to a storage means 50, the function of which is as follows: in order to allow the calculation circuit 52 to allocate a certain constellation of signal values of comparators 44, 45 and 46 at a certain state of the system, each system state is taught to the computer by simulating each of these states by. the mechanical system illustrated in FIG. 1, and by memorizing the individual signals of the comparators 44, 45 and 46 in a memory 50. This teaching method is commonly called learning for example. It is also possible to obtain the allocation of a certain state to a certain signal measured by other methods, in particular by the application of the thresholds or by a mathematical relation of the transmitted signals, of the received signals and possibly of the values of reference.
- the calculation means 52 compares each appearance of a certain constellation of signals received by the comparator 44, 45 and 46 with the constellations stored in the memory 50 and produces a response signal S as a function of the stored state corresponding to the signals, which are sent to it by the comparators.
- the sound signals emitted by the transmitters E1, E2 and E3 each include a characteristic parameter, such as a different frequency, the signal validation or suppression circuits of the comparators 44, 45 and 46 being capable of allocating the signals to be compared.
- the information received from the device according to the invention could be combined with other parameters measured by other means to control a process, as in the example in FIGS. 6a-6f where the degree of contact is obtained as well as the dimension d 'a piece.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP94927465A EP0672262A1 (fr) | 1993-10-04 | 1994-09-30 | Dispositif de detection d'un changement de l'etat d'un ensemble mecanique, procede de surveillance de l'etat d'un ensemble mecanique et utilisation de ce dispositif |
AU76901/94A AU7690194A (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1994-09-30 | Device for sensing a change of condition in a mechanical assembly, method for monitoring the condition of a mechanical assembly, and use of said device |
US08/453,644 US5602533A (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1995-05-30 | Device for sensing a state change in a mechanical system, method for monitoring the state of a mechanical system and use of said device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH3076/93-0 | 1993-10-04 | ||
CH307693 | 1993-10-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995010054A1 true WO1995010054A1 (fr) | 1995-04-13 |
Family
ID=4248100
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH1994/000196 WO1995010054A1 (fr) | 1993-10-04 | 1994-09-30 | Dispositif de detection d'un changement de l'etat d'un ensemble mecanique, procede de surveillance de l'etat d'un ensemble mecanique et utilisation de ce dispositif |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0672262A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7690194A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1995010054A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1270094A2 (fr) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-01-02 | Pereg GmbH | Dispositif et procédé pour tester l'efficacité d'un appareil de nettoyage à ultrasons |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4225859A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1980-09-30 | Cerberus Ag | Method and apparatus for monitoring sound-conducting media |
WO1990010866A1 (fr) * | 1989-03-06 | 1990-09-20 | David Donald Caulfield | Appareil de detection acoustique |
JPH03105229A (ja) * | 1989-09-19 | 1991-05-02 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 構造物の異常検出装置 |
EP0445907A2 (fr) * | 1990-03-05 | 1991-09-11 | Rolls-Royce Dsv Limited | Détecteur de collision pour un véhicule |
WO1992021935A1 (fr) * | 1991-05-29 | 1992-12-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Detecteur de bord de bande du type acoustique |
-
1994
- 1994-09-30 AU AU76901/94A patent/AU7690194A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-09-30 EP EP94927465A patent/EP0672262A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-09-30 WO PCT/CH1994/000196 patent/WO1995010054A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4225859A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1980-09-30 | Cerberus Ag | Method and apparatus for monitoring sound-conducting media |
WO1990010866A1 (fr) * | 1989-03-06 | 1990-09-20 | David Donald Caulfield | Appareil de detection acoustique |
JPH03105229A (ja) * | 1989-09-19 | 1991-05-02 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 構造物の異常検出装置 |
EP0445907A2 (fr) * | 1990-03-05 | 1991-09-11 | Rolls-Royce Dsv Limited | Détecteur de collision pour un véhicule |
WO1992021935A1 (fr) * | 1991-05-29 | 1992-12-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Detecteur de bord de bande du type acoustique |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 15, no. 300 (P - 1232) 30 July 1991 (1991-07-30) * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1270094A2 (fr) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-01-02 | Pereg GmbH | Dispositif et procédé pour tester l'efficacité d'un appareil de nettoyage à ultrasons |
EP1270094A3 (fr) * | 2001-06-26 | 2004-05-19 | Pereg GmbH | Dispositif et procédé pour tester l'efficacité d'un appareil de nettoyage à ultrasons |
US7708836B2 (en) | 2001-06-26 | 2010-05-04 | Pereg Gmbh | Device and method for testing the efficiency of an ultrasonic cleaner |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0672262A1 (fr) | 1995-09-20 |
AU7690194A (en) | 1995-05-01 |
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