WO1995009328A1

WO1995009328A1 - Air supply and air evacuacuation device for an interior space

Info

Publication number: WO1995009328A1
Application number: PCT/DE1994/001176
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans-Jürgen Schöttler
Original assignee: Lunos-Lüftung Gmbh & Co. Ventilatoren Kg.
Priority date: 1993-09-29
Filing date: 1994-09-29
Publication date: 1995-04-06
Also published as: EP0670025A1; DE59407828D1; EP0670025B1; ATE176816T1; DE4333195A1

Abstract

The invention pertains to an air supply and air evacuation device (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b; 4) for an interior space (2), with a control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) that works with a sensor (5a, 5b; 1.41, 1.42, 1.51, 1.613) for detecting a control variable and that has a processing unit (71a to 71d; 1.2, 1.3) for producing a control signal from the control variable as well as an actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 411) for changing the amount of air supplied depending on and in response to the control signal, where the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) works with at least one sensor (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for automatically detecting the presence of people in the interior space (2) or an anticipated value for this presence, and the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has a processing unit (1.3) that is connected on the input side with the output of this sensor and is used to produce a control signal which corresponds to the actual presence of people in the interior space and/or an anticipated presence based on the periodic presence of people in the past and which is supplied to the actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 4.11) or another processing unit (1.81) for linkage with other control signals.

Description

Device for ventilation of an interior

The invention relates to a device for aeration or ventilation of a lnnenraun.es according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a device is known from the document EP 0 068 917 A or EP 0 428 240 AI.

With such a device - in the first-mentioned publication an air passage shaft provided with a control flap, in the latter publication an outlet Air fan - it is possible, based on a measurement signal of the interior humidity in a room to be ventilated or ventilated, to control the exhaust air throughput via an analog flap or motor control so that the air humidity is kept in a predetermined range.

The latter, active device basically works in a map, as shown in Fig. 1, in particular in continuous operation with variable speed. It is known that the feeling of comfort for the occupants, which is at the center of the technical considerations in the ventilation design of residential buildings, in addition to the air humidity of other physical variables - in particular air temperature, surrounding surface temperature, air speed, CO ₂ content, Odor concentration, sound level, exposure - depends, of which part is influenced or can be influenced by ventilation measures. The air humidity does not necessarily have to be the most important parameter. It is therefore desirable to design the ventilation of a room in which people are staying in such a way that they find the room comfortable.

Apart from that, ventilation requirements also have to be met in terms of building physics. In a conventional manner, the users of residential buildings react to a lack of comfort, in particular to subjectively unpleasant sensations (here in particular odor nuisance, subjectively as high room humidity, high air speed perceived as drafts, fan noise perceived as noise nuisance), among other things, by manual - Rapid operation of existing exhaust fans, ie by switching on / off or - if technically provided - speed changeover.

The setting made here - for example permanent switching off of the fan because of the noise or continuous operation at high speed after forgotten switch-back - is often not objectively conducive to the condition of the building or the comfort or both.

In addition to the fan control mentioned, it is also known from EP 0 085 428 and EP 0 165 175, on the basis of the room air humidity, to use the air temperature as a control variable instead of the air temperature differences in the room or in addition to the air humidity.

All known room ventilators or ventilators are operated manually - which harbors the described risks - or are controlled on the basis of physical variables without taking the presence of persons into account. However, more complex controls or regulations while taking into account the use situation of rooms as well as building physics requirements are only realized in air conditioning systems, in particular centrally controlled room air conditioning systems. Such air conditioning systems are costly and energy-intensive to manufacture and operate and, according to recent findings, are by no means optimal from an occupational medical point of view.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device for ventilating or ventilating an interior space, which device automatically ventilates or ventilates depending on it State of use (the presence and possibly the number of people in the room) and is therefore suitable for largely fulfilling comfort-related criteria that can be achieved in terms of ventilation technology, as well as building physics requirements.

This object is achieved by a device which has the features of claim 1.

The invention includes the idea of a ventilation device with automatic - i.e. independent of switching operations or settings carried out manually by the user - detection of the actual presence of persons in the interior to be ventilated and to be expected based on empirical values from the past at certain times and corresponding control of the air throughput .

Such a device is able, for example, to ventilate the interior (which can also consist of several rooms, the people not necessarily having to be in the room in which the device is installed) in the presence of people According to predefined settings or taking measurements relevant to ventilation technology, priority is given to ensuring high air quality and achieving thermal comfort. At times or in rooms where no people are present, on the other hand, the ventilation can be controlled so that it primarily serves to meet building physics requirements (e.g. through intensive dehumidification) or is optimally energy-saving ( approximately by supplying fresh air for dehumidification via low-temperature rooms in the apartment).

In the system with other devices for optimizing the air distribution in an apartment according to the presence of people in certain rooms at certain times.

Appropriate configurations can be found in the subclaims.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures. From the figures show:

1 is a representation of the static pressure difference depending on the delivery volume, illustrating the working range of a moisture-controlled ventilator,

2 shows a schematic representation of the air flows into, within and out of an apartment with a plurality of supply air devices and an exhaust air device,

3 shows an illustration based on FIG. 2 of a controlled ventilation system for a residential building including the device according to the invention,

4 shows the basic circuit diagram of the control of the device according to the invention in one embodiment,

5 shows a schematic illustration of a hierarchy of signal transmission windows in the form of time slots assigned to the controller according to FIG. 4, 6 shows a schematic illustration of a part of the control of the device according to the invention, modified in comparison to FIG. 4, in one embodiment,

7 is a view of the mechanical structure of an embodiment of the device according to the invention (front view with the fan cover open) in the form of a breather and

8 shows the circuit diagram of the motor control of the device according to FIG. 7.

In the diagram shown in FIG. 1, the work area AF (shown cross-hatched) of a moisture-controlled ventilator, as will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, is shown as it is used in an embodiment according to the invention. The delivery volume v is plotted in m ³ / h on the horizontal axis, while the static pressure difference δPstat ^ ^{n N, m is} plotted on the vertical axis. The power of the fan motor is increased approximately proportionally with increasing humidity. As can be seen from the illustration, the delivery volume is also proportional to the relative humidity - essentially independent of the static pressure difference determined by the properties of the exhaust air duct. The fan essentially works as a "moisture-controlled source with a constant delivery volume", the actual delivery volume being reduced slightly depending on the static pressure difference in the control range between from curve ad to curve bc. 2 shows, in a spatially vivid representation, schematically the fluidic conditions in and in the vicinity of an apartment with modern air-conditioning equipment.

It can be seen how air flows into the common rooms through several supply air devices and from there into the bathroom - in particular via overflow openings in the internal doors provided for this purpose - and is extracted into an exhaust air duct via an exhaust air device provided there. Instead of one exhaust air device, several devices, in particular a second device in the kitchen as the second essential process room of each apartment, can also be provided.

3 shows schematically and by way of example how the air flow can in principle be controlled automatically:

The outside space 1 of an apartment with its interior 2 (which according to FIG. 3 consists of a living room 2a and a bedroom 2b as lounges, a kitchen 2c and a bathroom 2d as so-called process rooms) has one each in living room 2a and supply air device 3a or 3b arranged in the bedroom 2b, via which fresh air is supplied to the interior 2, and via an exhaust air device 4a or 4b, respectively, assigned to the kitchen 2c and the bathroom 2d, via the air from the interior 2 in the outside space 1 is suctioned off. The number of supply and extract air devices can differ from the one shown, in principle up to the complete omission of a supply or extract air device under certain conditions, which will be discussed further below. In addition, since a building envelope can never be made completely sealed, there are further connection points at which secondary supply air and / or secondary exhaust air flows between the interior and the exterior.

In the interior 2 there are two internal sensors 5a and 5b, of which the sensor 5a detects, for example, the detection of a physical variable relevant in terms of ventilation technology (air temperature, interior humidity, surrounding surface temperature, air speed, concentration of chemical substances in the air or the like) and the sensor 5b detects it the presence of people in the interior is arranged, while in the outside space 1 a sensor 6 is arranged for detecting a ventilation-relevant size in the outside space (for example the outside temperature, humidity or air speed). Of course, as will be explained in more detail below, a number and type of sensors other than the one shown here (only by way of example) can be provided both in the interior and in the exterior, and in special configurations, in particular, exterior sensors are also completely dispensed with ¬ can be tet.

The sensors are connected in terms of signals to control units 7a to 7d, each of which has a processing unit 7la to 71d and an actuator 72a to 72d. Each control element is acted upon by the assigned processing unit with a control signal Sa to Sd (symbolized by a dash-dotted arrow) and can exert an actuating action (symbolized by a double arrow) on the associated supply or exhaust air device 3a, 3b, 4a or 4b. With such an arrangement, the air volume flowing through the interior and its spatial distribution can be controlled as a function of the variables detected by the sensors by influencing the air volume flow through each of the supply and exhaust air devices.

As will be clarified further below, current and stored values of the quantities can be used as a basis and external signals can also be taken into account.

The diagram according to FIG. 3 is to be understood as a basic diagram, of which various modifications are possible: the sensors can be assigned to the control units in a different way, uncontrolled exhaust and / or supply air devices can also be included in the system, several supply or supply systems A processing unit can be assigned to exhaust air devices, etc.

FIG. 4 shows the basic circuit diagram of the control of the exhaust air device according to the invention in one embodiment. This control is influenced by a number of signals which are emitted by control elements or sensors which are assigned to a control unit 1.0 of the exhaust air device. The control unit 1.0 controls a breather motor II which, depending on the state of a control circuit 1.11 acting as an actuator. can work at different speeds, so that the ventilation capacity (the exhaust air throughput) can be adapted to the current ventilation requirement and possibly other conditions. Some of the sensors or control elements, which will be characterized in more detail below, are spatially combined with the exhaust air device, others are separated from it, and the ventilation performance can also be achieved by means of remote means via a bus 3.1 from external sensors or control members or depending on external ventilation or ventilation elements. Within the control unit 1.0, all those input variables which influence the exhaust air throughput with regard to the desired setting of the room humidity are combined and processed in a control stage dehumidification 1.2.

An essential task of the arrangement shown, in addition to the setting of the room humidity, is the removal of used air in order in this way to provide fresh air access to the living room or apartment. The processing operations basically serving this task are carried out by a control stage fresh air requirement 1.3.

The control stage dehumidification 1.2 are transmitted by two humidity sensors, an inside sensor 1.41 and an outside sensor 1.42, current measured values of the air humidity inside or outside. The measured values of the inside sensor 1.41 and the outside sensor 1.42 are combined in a subtraction circuit 1.43 to form a moisture difference signal and fed to a subsequent OR circuit 1.44.

The control stage fresh air requirement 1.3 are from a C0 ₂ sensor 1.51 and a processing stage use of space 1.52 input signals supplied. The processing level use of space 1.52 in turn receives input signals from a detection level person presence 1.61, which determines the presence of people, as well as a timer 1.62 and a unit for determining periodic behavior 1.63.

An additional connection (not shown in FIG. 4 for the sake of clarity) between the output of the processing stage 1.52 and an input of the OR stage 1.44 ensures that the presence of people who influence the room humidity , can be included in the determination of the dehumidification requirement from the outset, the magnitude of the influence of the presence of people in the interior to be ventilated on the room humidity being influenced by a weighting of the transmitted signal (based, for example, on experience values).

Finally, a detection stage for air removal requirements 1.71 is provided, which is connected exclusively to external (not shown) input devices via bus 3.1. In the state activated by corresponding input signals, stage 1.71 initiates switching on or increasing the speed of the breather motor 1.1 via the output of an (external) control signal "air removal requirement" to the control circuit 1.11 - for example when an air supply is obtained by switching on supply air devices follows, which would lead to air overpressure in the interior if the exhaust air unit was switched off or working with a low air flow rate. A modification of the basic structure of the humidity control represents in the example shown an effectiveness control stage 1.21 for determining the influence of the ventilation on the room humidity and for controlling the exhaust air device depending on the result of this determination, which instead of the outside humidity sensor 1.42 and the subtraction stage 1.43 with the Control stage dehumidification 1.2 can be connected.

The effectiveness control stage 1.21 has a measured value memory 1.211 connected to the output of the inner sensor 1.41 for temporary storage of measured values of the interior humidity and a comparator stage 1.212, one input of which has the measured value memory 1.211, the other input of which has the output of the inner sensor 1.41 and whose output is connected (via intermediate modules) to the control circuit 1.11.

The effectiveness control stage 1.21 is assigned a timer 1.22, which outputs control signals to control inputs of its functional elements and via an AND gate 1.23 to the control circuit 1.11. The second input of the AND gate 1.23 is connected to the internal sensor 1.41 and its output (again indirectly) to the control circuit 1.11. Controlled by the timer 1.22, if there is a signal from the interior sensor 1.41 which signals an existing need for dehumidification, the fan motor 1.1 is initially activated for a predetermined short period of time and at the same time the current measured value of the interior humidity before the start of fan operation is recorded in the measured value memory 1,211. After the given For a period of time, the stored and the current moisture value are fed to comparator stage 1.211. The effectiveness of the dehumidification by the exhaust air device is determined by comparing the values of the internal moisture measured by the sensor 1.41 at the beginning and after the specified period of time. As a result of the comparison, a control signal is output to the control circuit 1.11.

If the comparison shows that switching on the exhaust air unit or operating it at increased speed led to effective dehumidification, operation in the corresponding switching stage continues until the measured values supplied by the interior sensor indicate that the range of optimal indoor humidity has been reached. On the other hand, if the comparison shows that no effective dehumidification has been achieved, for example because of high outside air humidity, then the fan motor 1.1 is switched off for a longer period of time or switched back to base load operation, then again on a new signal from the timer 1.22 a "test run" initiated etc.

In the present embodiment, the control of the ventilator remains unaffected by this due to the fresh air requirement caused by the presence of people in the room, ie by the control stage fresh air requirement 1.3. The output signal of the control stage dehumidification 1.2 is blocked by ANDing the inverted output signal of the timer 1.22, which also outputs the control pulse sequences to the effectiveness control stage 1.21, with the output signal of this stage. With this circuit it is possible to prevent operation of the breather which has no effect with regard to the setting of the room humidity and thus to save energy and to avoid the noise development associated with fan operation.

In order to keep the basic illustration in FIG. 4 clear, it is indicated above the corresponding assemblies by an arrow head pointing vertically downward that this unit can be put into or out of operation by external control means or the system configuration. In the case of more specific embodiments or applications, the respective assembly can also be omitted entirely (which corresponds to inactivation), the signal processing then taking place exclusively through the remaining signal groups, which is possible because the output signals of the relevant signal groups (as described in more detail below) is) logically linked in the manner of OR stages, so that the output signal of each module merely provides an additional reason for activating the breather motor.

The OR gates shown preferably work analogously in such a way that each of the input signals shown can itself output an output signal, the effects of several input signals being superimposed up to a "maximum" output signal. In this respect, the relevant OR elements can also be understood as addition elements with limitation. The technical implementation can be done purely digital, with the partially analog influencing of those to be further processed Signals can be generated, for example, by pulse width control and subsequent integration.

In addition, arrowheads pointing laterally into the respective assembly indicate that additional signals which influence the assembly in question can be supplied via the bus 3.1, in order in this way to generate the engine control signal in the relevant processing level to participate. Arrowheads pointing out of the modules indicate that conversely signals from these modules can also reach bus 3.1 in order to be supplied to external modules for processing.

The signal transmission between the bus 3.1 and the modules mentioned takes over an interface 3.2. The "threading" of the signals onto the bus is carried out according to a predetermined time program, an example of which is shown schematically in FIG. 5, so that a signal window is available on the time line for each of the modules.

In this way, signals can be linked at different processing levels, so that all signals between different components of the ventilation system can be combined and evaluated according to their hierarchical order. Sensor signals can be processed as input signals, the results of intermediate processing steps are exchanged at this level, while signals at the highest processing level, which directly indicate the need of air transport, can also be processed separately. In this way it is possible to synchronize locally distributed assemblies with minimal signal transmission effort, and at the same time a high degree of flexibility in the interconnection of different devices is possible. In addition, the devices are also functional when there is no signal transmission or when they have to work independently.

In addition to the modules mentioned so far, a number of further functional units are provided, which are provided for signal linking of the aforementioned modules and are to be described in more detail below.

The presence detection level 1.61 receives its input signals from sensors which respond to the presence of people in the room to be ventilated (or possibly also another room in the apartment). In the example explained, this includes a sound receiver 1.611, a motion detector 1.612 and a light switch 1.613 which, when activated in a mutual OR operation, pass a signal on to the presence detection level 1.61. Its output is connected (in the example via an OR gate 1.64 explained below, the other input of which is connected to a further timer 1.62) to the input of the space utilization switch stage 1.52 and applies a switch to it each time it is activated for a predetermined period of time Input signal that signals the presence of people and thus the corresponding fresh air requirement for the subsequent stages. An optional further embodiment of the control of the exhaust air device based on the use situation of the rooms to be ventilated consists in the following:

From a time signal (output signal of stage 1.62, which is designed as a radio wave-synchronized clock - radio clock) and the presence signal from stage 1.61, in a detection stage, user habit 1.63 becomes a periodic signal by a kind of "flywheel circuit" in the manner of a phase-controlled circuit formed, which is synchronized by the presence of people and emits an output signal corresponding to the usual presence of the people in the daily cycle even if the stage 1.61 currently does not output a signal indicating the presence of people.

In this way, if the control signal is applied to the control circuit 1.11 with a phase advance, a "precautionary" air exchange can be brought about which, in the event of cyclical presence of people in the room to be ventilated, ensures fresh air before the people arrive.

A similar effect can be achieved - albeit without the possibility of automatic adaptation to changing user habits - by entering the times at which people are usually present in the room via an input unit 1.621 of control stage 1.62 and storing them in a user habit memory Reach 1,622. 6 shows a further variant of the control of the exhaust air device using the operating settings of the device calculated from data from the past.

The core of this embodiment is a modified detection level of user habit 1.63 '. An input of this stage is connected to the output of the user habit memory 1.622, which is designed as a cyclically addressable memory.

Under the address control by the timer 1.62, the presence of people detected by the motion detector 1.611 in the detection space is stored as a data variable in the user habit or person presence memory. The storage takes place, controlled by the timer, in the memory locations of the memory which are cyclically addressed synchronously with a calendar time cycle, the memory locations corresponding to time periods within the time cycle. If the time cycle corresponds to a day, for example, in the individual hours of the day (corresponding to the periods of the calendar cycle) allocated storage locations, the stored values contained therein are increased by the average number of hours in successive time cycles people in the room during this period. The memory thus records the relevant data in the manner of a histogram. Exceeding a predetermined amplitude threshold for a period within the cycle means that a signal indicating the presence of people is output even if a person is not actually present in the room in question. To this In this way, a ventilation profile for the rooms develops, which cyclically adjusts itself to user habits, so that fresh air is also kept available if the occupants only enter the rooms later. For this purpose, it is particularly advantageous if, when evaluating the data from the personal presence memory, the memory is read out in advance of the real time cycle. This ensures timely ventilation.

The acquisition and storage of the data expediently extends over a period of at least several days in order to have the user habits sufficiently reflective data available to obtain reliable expected values.

In this case, the registration can also be carried out in a matrix-like memory in such a way that, in the case of row-like organization in the direction of increasing time values, various person presence data recorded in the same time periods are recorded in the direction of the other coordinate. In this case, the x address control takes place after a predetermined time cycle (approximately every 15 minutes) for the period of one day, while the y addresses are formed by the date, which is also available in the timer and can be addressed by it. The control of the memory with regard to the y-addresses can take place in the manner of a shift register in such a way that the data on the presence of persons are only saved for a predetermined number of days (for example 7 or 30) in the past, ie with the storage of a new data record, the oldest data record is deleted for one day.

A second input of the detection stage 1.63 'is connected to the output of an operating settings memory 1.624, which is organized analogously to the memory 1.622 and is clocked in the same way by the timer 1.62 and in the data on the operating state of the device unit 1.10.1 transmitted by a registration unit for device settings Device are stored.

Corresponding to the time cycle also used for storing the data, x data records (line contents) of the memory 1.622 are sequentially processed by a processing unit 1.631 upon a corresponding control command, and the corresponding memory contents of the memories 1.622 and 1.624 are read out by a further processing unit 1.632.

The processing unit 1.631 carries out a calculation of expected values for the presence of a user in the room in question as a function of the (day) time by in the simplest case the number of storage locations in which a data value representing the presence of a person in the interior 2 (" 1 ") is divided by the total number of occupied storage spaces (ie days recorded).

The processing unit 1.632 calculates correlations between user presence and device setting. The system is trai- can be used, since a manual specification of the device setting by the user during their presence times over the period used for data acquisition gives the correlation corresponding to the user requirements.

However, it can also be operated without "training" by permitting device settings determined during the data acquisition period based solely on the measurement parameters relevant in terms of ventilation (in the example above, for example, the signals of the sensors 1.41 or 1.51) and the corresponding setting values being recorded and stored be saved.

The sequence of expected values calculated by processing unit 1.631 and the correlations calculated by processing unit 1.632 are fed to a further processing unit 1.633, where an assignment is made, the result of which is a table of values for operating settings of the device as a function of the (day -) is the time that is stored in a second operating setting memory 1.634. In the simplest case, it is assumed that an expected value for the presence of a person in the room at a certain point in time of greater than 0.5 (50%) should lead to the triggering of the operational setting that is required in the event of the presence of People has been predetermined, while an expected value of less than 0.5 is assigned the operating setting which is provided in the room when people are absent.

The stored values, again under the control of the timer 1.62, can be used directly as control signals the actuator 1.11 or a further processing stage upstream of this - for example stage 1.64 or stage 1.53 according to FIG. 4 - are supplied.

The switching stage "room use" 1.52 is followed by a further OR gate 1.53, which links the output signal of stage 1.52 with that of the C0 ₂ sensor 1.51 for the air quality and feeds the control stage fresh air requirement 1.3 with the signal obtained from the linkage. The effect is that the exhaust air device is switched on as a measure of the air quality or operated at an increased speed and thus an increased air throughput depending on the occupancy of the room to be ventilated or on reaching a limit value of the CX ^ concentration.

The output signal of this stage is in turn merged via a further OR gate 1.81 with the output signal of the control stage dehumidification requirement 1.2 and serves as the input signal of the control circuit III for the breather motor 1.1.

An operating module 1.9 enables manual input of control signals, operating parameters, etc. for the various modules. In this case, the input signals, which are represented by arrows pointing vertically downward and which, for example, can also appear from external stages via bus 3.1, are entered directly. This entry can be made either for test purposes or during operation. The input unit 1.621 can be integrated in the operating module 1.9. Remote control units or other functional elements of a ventilation system can also be controlled via the control module 1.9. All that is required for this is an assignment of time windows (and sub-time windows) on the common control bus for the connected units and their individual modules, as well as a corresponding time coding of the control signals to be output. By selecting the time window by means of a suitable programming of the control switches or signal-emitting functions, sequential signal links can be created over time, which function in their function correspond to a switching and control matrix in which lines routed in the manner of lines with The type of column-guided lines can be assigned to one another by an optional connection in the crossing points.

In this way, the assemblies are generally equivalent and the signals can be programmed in accordance with the circumstances and the technical development. The modules can be used universally and further modules can be easily retrofitted if required later.

Via a signal line from the control circuit 1.11, a signal indicating the start of the motor 1.1 (or its running at increased speed) is transmitted to the bus 3.1. This signal can be received by a connected supply air unit and evaluated as a signal for the supply of supply air, so that a connection to the outside on the supply air side is established. This means that several supply air units can also be operated with one exhaust air unit. A signal "air removal requirement" of a supply air device corresponds in principle to a signal "air supply requirement" of the exhaust air device, whereby the air exchange between the inside and outside space is made possible in each case in the functional context with one (or more) complementary unit (s). It is advantageous if a unit is active. In the normal case, this will be the exhaust air device (s), because active ventilation allows the air exchange to be controlled more easily and with less technical effort while avoiding excess air pressure in the interior.

With an aeration and ventilation system comprising an apartment, as is shown schematically in FIG. 3, an air exchange for the purpose of air renewal and / or for the purpose of dehumidification can take place using the exhaust air device according to the invention if and only if such due to the Use situation of the individual areas of the apartment is required.

The fact that human habits lead to a cyclical frequency of the individual areas of an apartment in the course of a day or even a week and there in each case lead to specific requirements for ventilation and ventilation can be achieved by a suitably coordinated overall Control are taken into account.

Thus, the high dehumidification requirement existing in the usual times of morning and evening body care in the bathroom as well as that in the usual periods of time Food preparation existing increased ventilation needs in the kitchen by operating the exhaust air device assigned to the respective room at the appropriate times with high performance under priority control by the control stage dehumidification 1.2. In the case of a ventilation mode which is more closely geared to special user needs (for example pronounced sensitivity to drafts or noise), the activation of the exhaust air device in the bathroom can also be blocked by the presence control until the user (s) have left the bathroom.

The pronounced need of the residents for avoiding noises in the night hours, especially in the bedrooms, in which the fresh air supply must nevertheless be guaranteed, can be achieved, for example, by operating an active exhaust air device in the bathroom, which is acoustically but not air-technically separate from the bedroom under priority control can be taken into account by the control stage fresh air supply 1.3 with a C0 ₂ sensor 1.51 or infrared sensor arranged in the bedroom to detect the presence of persons. A passive (and thus noiseless) supply air device in the bedroom is inevitably activated and thus the fresh air supply is ensured without disturbing the night's rest of the residents.

It can be seen from the preceding explanation that the complexity of the control system shown in FIG. 4 can be significantly reduced in practical use by omitting individual assemblies.

On the basis of the exemplary embodiment, it is merely illustrated that all of the modules shown are in their Signal behavior can be overlaid, so that there is a high degree of flexibility in the design and configuration of a specific control.

An interesting possibility in this respect can also be achieved, for example, if the signal transmission bus is completely eliminated. As a result of the air being transported from the supply air device to the exhaust air device, for example during "test" operation of the exhaust air device at intervals - as described above - even when the functional rooms are not used and an increase in air humidity occurs only through the release of water vapor is caused by people or plants in the common rooms, moist air to the interior sensor of the exhaust air device, and fresh air flows in through the supply air devices in the common rooms. If the interval operation in the "test phase" is long enough, after the initial increase in humidity, even in the room equipped with the exhaust air device, the humidity will decrease as the (drier) fresh air passes through, with continued effective operation of the ventilator A supply air unit continues to flow until it has reached the normal value to be maintained in this room again and the dehumidification control stage switches the extract air unit off or in base load mode.

Thus, under the guidance of one or, if necessary, several individual devices, an effective moisture-controlled ventilation of an apartment is also possible if the devices are not connected to each other by a bus. However, the interaction of the devices is improved by a bus link and their response is accelerated. The maximum permissible number of units to be connected must be taken into account when determining the number of time windows to be provided, in accordance with the diagram according to FIG. 5.

Suitable as a transmission channel in the sense of such a signal bus is an FM channel impressed on the light network or also a so-called house bus, which additionally transmits further signals of the house technology. A combination of signals or a signal exchange with other building technology devices can take place. For example, the signals from the above-mentioned sensors for the presence of people can advantageously also be used for intrusion detection systems or for controlling lighting and / or heating devices, or conversely the motion sensors of security systems can simultaneously be used for controlling the movement - and ventilation.

As an alternative to a signal bus, the devices can also be signal-linked by a wireless transmission link - for example based on ultrasound or infrared - and, if appropriate, with further devices or building groups of the building technology.

Instead of or in addition to the sensors mentioned in the example, the controller can use temperature sensors in the interior and / or exterior, one or more sensors for the air speed in the interior and / or exterior, special sensors for harmful components of the ambient air - for example a CO Sensor, a formaldehyde sensor or the like. In Fig. 7 the mechanical structure of an embodiment of the exhaust device 4 according to the invention is shown as an exhaust fan. In a fan housing 41 provided with a foldable front cover 42, a fan screw 43 is arranged, which is operated by a fan motor 44 and which sucks in exhaust air from the interior 2 to be vented and via the side edges of the fan housing 41, a grid frame 45 and a filter 46 derives an exhaust air duct, with which it is connected via a non-return flap (not shown), into the outside space 1.

The control unit 7, which is constructed in accordance with the control unit shown in FIG. 4 and described in more detail above, including the associated peripheral modules or a modified embodiment thereof, is connected to the network via a network plug connection 47 and via a motor plug connection arranged in the connector field 48 is connected to the motor 44 and controls its on / off state and speed, as described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 7.

In the control unit 7, the core parts (not shown individually) of a microprocessor and an electronic engine control, a control panel 49 is built in for manual operation and visual indication of the operating state of the exhaust air fan. Associated with the control unit and connected to it via the connector field 48 is the internal sensor 5a, which is designed here as a capacitive humidity sensor.

8 is a basic electrical circuit diagram of the motor control. As can be seen from the figure, between that Power supply and the mains plug connection 47, 47a an on / off switch 491 and an operating control lamp 492 are switched, which are assigned to the control panel 49.

While one of the contacts ("2") of the network connection field 47 is reserved for additional functions, the others are connected to an (internal) control module 40 and the connections "N" and "L" are also connected via plug contacts in the connector field 48 with the motor 44, a first (base load) speed controller 410 and a second rotary controller 411 being connected between the connection "L" and the motor, to which the control signal output by the control module 40 is applied and as such causes a known manner of a speed adjustment of the drive motor 44.

The voltage conversion and rectification required for operating the microprocessor and other semiconductor circuit element contained in the control module 40 is carried out by known function units within the control module, which are not to be described in more detail here.

On the input side, the control module 40 includes a timer 420, with the time signals of which a time control of the exhaust air fan can be implemented, via the connector field 48 and an amplifier unit 430 with an associated adjustment part 431 for setting the threshold value for the interior humidity as a control variable the moisture sensor 5a and finally a signal bus 440 are connected, via which the connection to signal recorders spatially separated from the exhaust air device - for example the sensor 5b according to FIG. 3 - and processing levels is produced. The signal bus 440 corresponds functionally to the signal bus 3.1 explained above with reference to FIGS. 4 and 6. For the function of the arrangement, reference can essentially be made to the explanations relating to FIGS. 3 and 4.

It should be added that the exhaust air fan shown - as long as it is not put out of operation manually via the switch 491 - with a base load speed specified via the speed controller 410 or in accordance with the method described above on the basis of this Control signals generated by the measurement signals of the moisture sensor 5a and, for example, the sensor 5b for the presence of persons runs at an increased speed, which controls the air volume actively discharged from the interior, as illustrated in FIG. 1.

This permanent base load operation with a delivery rate of 20-40 m '/ h ensures (in addition to compliance with the building physics requirements that exist in many applications) that the sensor or the sensors for the air quality - here the humidity sensor 5a - and therefore are washed around the low-delay presence of values of the measured variable (s) representative of the current indoor air quality on the respective sensor.

In cooperation with this exhaust air fan with other exhaust and / or supply air devices, it is also possible to control the air distribution in an apartment.

The embodiment of the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiment given above. game. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown, even in the case of fundamentally different types.

Thus, in principle, all sensors customary for this purpose are suitable for detecting the presence and possibly the number of people, that is to say in addition to the light barriers, sound recorders, microwave detectors for those associated with breathing and heartbeat, which are also already mentioned as examples connected body vibrations etc. The simultaneous use of sensors integrated in other building systems - for example the lighting or the heating system or a burglar alarm system - for controlling the supply or exhaust air devices can be advantageous.

In addition to the sensors already mentioned, depending on the operating conditions and cost framework, sensors for interacting with the sensors indicating the presence or absence of people are, in particular, sensors for the air temperature, surrounding surface temperature, air speed and for components of the ambient air - for example C0 ₂ , CO or formaldehyde sensors - expedient.

The signal connection of the individual devices with each other, with external control devices or with external transducers can be via a separate bus, but possibly also via lines of the house technology (house bus, light network, wiring of the burglar alarm systems or the like) or wirelessly, for example via an infrared or ultrasound transmission path. The modifications which are expedient depending on the application include the provision of an additional manual control, the realization of a time lag of the fan after a switchover - in particular when switching off due to signals relating to the presence or absence of people - or the connection to a central station Control room (for example of a hotel or old people's home) in order to enable not only the decentralized control but also a centrally controlled operation of the device.

The OR gates mentioned in the exemplary embodiment can be implemented in hardware (as hard-wired logic gates) or in software - the essential thing is to carry out an OR operation of the respectively supplied signals.

The embodiment of the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiment specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown, even in the case of fundamentally different types.

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Claims

Expectations

1. Device (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b; 4) for ventilating or venting an interior (2), with a control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0), which has a sensor (5a, 5b; 1.41, 1.42, 1.51, 1.613) for detecting a control variable and the processing unit (71a to 71d; 1.2, 1.3) for obtaining a control signal from the control variable and an actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 411) for changing the amount of air conveyed as a function of the control signal,

characterized

that the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has at least one input for a sensor (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for detecting the presence of people in the interior (2) and a processing unit on the input side connected to the output of this sensor (1.3) for generating a piece of information about the control signal containing the current presence of people in the interior and / or the presence of people to be expected due to the temporary presence of people in at least a previous period, and

that the output of the processing unit (1.3) is connected directly or via a further processing unit (1.81) for linking with at least one further control signal to the input of the actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 411).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has an operating memory (1.624) and a logical processing unit (1.632) for linking the current or expected presence of persons with a stored, has an operating parameter of the device (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b; 3; 4) representing a quantity for generating a signal characterizing the result of the combination.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control unit (7; 7c, 7d; 1.0) a timer and detection device (1.62), one of these addressed and with the output of the sensor (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for the periodic recording of the presence of people in association with time cycles, in particular calendar time cycles, associated person presence memory (1,622) for storing a variable which characterizes the presence of people in the interior (2) in the individual time periods of the time cycle and which corresponds to the increasing frequency of the presence of persons in the respective period has increasing value, and a processing unit (1.63) for linking the size stored in the person's presence memory, which is an expected value for the future presence within the corresponding period of the calendar cycle to be expected of people in the interior (2) forms and at over When a predetermined threshold value of a threshold value is processed in the processing unit, a signal indicating the presence of a person is output.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the person presence memory (1,622) can be addressed as a memory, the memory locations of which are assigned to predetermined periods of the calendar time cycle, and can be cyclically addressed by a timer, the reading with respect to the Calendar period takes place prematurely.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, since ¬ characterized in that the Steuer¬ unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has a timer and detection device (1.22, 1.62), one connected to this device setting memory for storing the operating settings of the device and assigning the time of their presence and a logical processing unit for linking the data stored in the device settings memory with signals from the timer and recording device (1.62) for specifying future operating settings of the device and for generating a has the linkage characteristic signal.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) a Zeitgebereinrich¬ device (1.62), an input device (1.621) for inputting occupancy times for the future and one with the input of the sensor (1.64) for the presence of persons in the interior (2) connected person presence memory (1.622) for storing the entered address times of presence and for output to the sensor (1.64) under the control of the timer device (1.62).

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 411) is preceded by an OR operation (1.81) whose one input reflects the presence of people in the interior (2) ¬ output signal of a processing unit (1.3) and its at least one other input with an output signal reflecting the thermal comfort in the interior (2) and / or the climatic conditions in the exterior (1) of at least one further processing stage (1.2) and / or an external device is connected.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, - characterized in that an input of the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) or the actuator (72a to 72d; 1.11; 411) via a signal transmission line (3.1; 440 ) for receiving a signal is connected to an external device, in particular an external sensor (6) or another device (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b; 3; 4).

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, since - characterized in that an infrared sensor is provided as Aufneh¬ mer (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for detecting the presence of people.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, d a - d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that a motion detector is provided as Aufneh¬ mer (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for detecting the presence of people.

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, since ¬ characterized in that as Aufneh¬ mer (1.611, 1.612, 1.64) for detecting the presence of people, a sensor or one depending on the presence of people operated house technology System, in particular a heating, lighting or room security system, is provided.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, since ¬ characterized in that the Steuer¬ unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) is designed so that it controls the timing of the device, in particular for a predetermined period after receipt a control signal for switching off.

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, that the control unit (7a to 7d; 7; 1.0) has a switching device for effecting manual control.

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a Interface device (3.2) is provided which establishes a control signal connection with an external control room.

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