DE102010006455A1 - Method for ventilation of overall space with multiple separate sub-spaces, particularly residential unit forming overall space, involves supplying fresh air to comfort rooms, where fresh air is supplied with predetermined feed rate - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves supplying a fresh air to one or more comfort rooms, where the fresh air is supplied with a predetermined feed rate and a standard operation for each comfort room. The exhaust air is exhausted from each exhaust air room with a predetermined exhausting rate. The air exchange rate for the overall space is kept constant. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a control device for ventilation system; and (2) a system for ventilation of an overall space.

Description

The invention relates to a method for ventilation of a total room with a plurality of separated subspaces, in particular a living space forming a total space according to claim 1, and a control device for a ventilation system for implementing this method and a ventilation system with such a control unit according to claims 6 and 7, respectively.

With increasing tightness of the shell of buildings, especially in the field of windows, doors and roof structures, as well as increasing demands on the tightness of building materials, it is for the user of a residential unit, such as a condominium or a family house, increasingly important, by a suitable Ventilation system for the supply of fresh air with simultaneous removal of used exhaust air to ensure. For this purpose, different systems are known, starting with simple exhaust fans, which are used for example in bathrooms and toilets and which are usually manually activated and promote as needed, on the central, ie room-wise acting supply and exhaust units, up to sophisticated control complete systems with ducting the air to any room or room. In such more complex systems, it is additionally known to provide a heat recovery in which the exhaust air heat energy withdrawn and the extracted energy is supplied to the supply air.

However, these known systems have either the disadvantage that a desired air exchange takes place only by a manual activation of the system, or that these systems are very complex and thus can be realized only with appropriate effort, especially if they should work as energy efficient.

Of particular disadvantage in central systems, the high structural complexity for the management of the air to and from the connected rooms by means of channels or pipelines. Especially in the case of refurbishment is then often because of the space required for the channel management retrofitting with a ventilation system in question.

For example, this includes from the DE 41 35 130 C2 known ventilation system for living spaces in apartments an air duct system of lines and / or shafts, which is connected to a unit for sucking supply air and exhaust air discharge. This unit can also realize a heat recovery of the heat of the exhaust air. In each living room, a fan is connected to the corresponding supply and exhaust air ducts, energy savings being achieved by these decentralized supply and exhaust fans in that only a small electrical power consumption is necessary for these fans. It is only with the minimum energy consumption for the ventilator ventilated or ventilated the room for which this is required. The other living rooms are only occasionally ventilated by, for example, a corresponding timer as needed and vented. The fans can be controlled by appropriate room controllers.

The disadvantage of this system, however, is the associated expense. In each room, a supply and an exhaust fan and a corresponding controller must be provided.

Known, centrally controlled or regulated ventilation systems have the disadvantage that an increased demand for supply air or exhaust air in a certain room leads to the fact that the performance of the overall system must be increased. This leads to an unnecessarily increased energy requirement, since even those rooms in which there is not simultaneously also an increased demand for supply air or exhaust air, are supplied with an increased air exchange rate.

Air exchange rate is to be understood as the multiple or fraction of the volume of space which is supplied as supply air per unit of time, for example per hour. The hygienic minimum air exchange rate for a room is approx. 0.3 / h.

Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a method for ventilation of a total room with a plurality of separated subspaces, in particular a living space forming a total space, which is feasible in a simple manner and which even at times increased demands the ventilation of a subspace works energetically favorable. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a control device for a ventilation system for implementing this method and a corresponding system for ventilation using such a control unit.

The invention solves this problem with the features of claims 1 and 6 and 7.

The invention is based on the recognition that a method or a system for ventilation of a plurality of separated subspaces having total space can be realized in an advantageous manner by deducting exhaust air from one or more selected exhaust air spaces and selected in one or more Comfort rooms can be supplied with fresh air, whereby the exhaust air Rooms and comfort rooms are different from each other and the total number of exhaust air rooms and comfort rooms is greater than or equal to three.

In a temporarily increased or reduced demand of fresh air in one or more selected comfort rooms and / or an increased or reduced demand for the exhaust air from one or more selected exhaust air spaces is reacted according to the invention that the air exchange rate for the entire space substantially is kept constant, wherein the increased or reduced demand in the respective exhaust air spaces or comfort rooms is compensated by the corresponding discharge rate or feed rate reduced or increased in corresponding other exhaust air rooms or comfort rooms becomes. This measure is based on the fact that usually not in all rooms at the same time an increased or reduced air exchange rate is required.

According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the need for an increased or reduced supply rate of fresh air in a comfort room depending on a detection of the oxygen content, humidity or an olfactory parameter of the air of the comfort room concerned or depending on a detection of the number of persons in the comfort room in question or a combination thereof.

In a typical residential unit, for example, the bedroom, the living room and the dining room can be declared a comfort room. In these rooms is then to provide a supply device for fresh air. As exhaust air rooms, for example, the bathroom and the toilet and the kitchen can be declared in such a conventional housing unit, in each case a discharge device for exhaust air is provided in these subspaces.

The Zuluftzuführvorrichtungen or Luftabführvorrichtungen can be designed to be controllable partially or in total with respect to their delivery rate or air flow rate.

For example, in terms of their delivery rate, controllable active exhaust units (fans) can be provided in all exhaust air spaces, which interact with passive, non-controllable air supply devices in the form of simple passage openings which are provided in the comfort rooms. However, the air supply devices in the comfort rooms can additionally be designed to be controllable with regard to their air passage rate. For example, such an air supply device can be designed as an air supply opening that can be adjusted with respect to its opening cross section (for example by means of a controllable flap). In addition, it is also possible to actively form the air supply devices, for example as controllable fans.

Such active, controllable air supply devices can then interact with passive air discharge devices which are designed, for example, as simple openings or also with respect to their opening cross section adjustable (passive) passage openings.

In any case, a sufficient number of controllable air supply devices or Luftabführvorrichtungen be provided to implement the inventive method, according to which changes compared to a normal operation needs for the air exchange rate in a particular subspace the air exchange rate in one or more other subspaces is changed accordingly, so that the total air exchange rate, d. H. the air exchange rate for the entire room remains substantially constant.

In the simplest case, for example, a single active exhaust, for example in the bathroom with two passive air supply devices, for example in the living room and the kitchen, combined, which are controllable in terms of their air passage rate or in terms of their opening cross-section. An increased demand for fresh air in one of the comfort rooms, for example the kitchen, can then be achieved by, for example, increasing the air opening cross section of the air supply device in this space and reducing the opening cross section of the air supply device in the other room, wherein the delivery rate of the active exhaust fan is constant is held.

However, it is also possible to combine two controllable Luftabführvorrichtungen with a single air supply device in a comfort room. In this case, the changed demand for exhaust air in one of the exhaust air spaces can be made by a corresponding adjustment of the discharge rate in the other exhaust air space. The air supply rate in the comfort room remains unchanged.

Systems with more than a single air supply device and more than just a single air discharge device result in correspondingly more varied variants. Allen is common, however, that when changing the rate of air exchange in one or more Abführräumen and / or in one or more comfort rooms the controllable air supply devices or Luftabführvorrichtungen can be controlled so that the total air exchange rate for the entire Housing unit or the total space is kept substantially at a constant value.

According to one embodiment of the invention may be in ascertaining an increased demand for an increased air exchange rate in an exhaust room or comfort room with high comfort to the thermal comfort and at the same time detecting the presence of a person in this subspace, the air exchange rate is not increased or even be lowered until no person is detected in this subspace. Subsequently, the air exchange rate can then be increased until no increased demand is determined. For example, in a bath at a humidity increased by showers, which would normally lead to an increase in the air exchange rate, the air exchange rate can be kept constant or even lowered by correspondingly driving an air discharge device until it is determined that there is no longer a person in the bath , The comfort feeling for the person is thereby improved or at least not further impaired. If no more people are detected in the bathroom, the air exchange rate can be increased to the required demand until the desired (predetermined) space conditions are reached again.

According to the invention, an air removal device or air supply device already present in a subspace, such as an extractor hood, can also be included in the process. An (possibly additional) air exchange rate caused by the existing air discharge device or air supply device is taken into account in the same way as the air exchange rate generated by special air discharge devices or air supply devices of a system for implementing the method. For this purpose, the operating state of the already existing device can be transmitted by an electrical coupling to a control unit of the system according to the invention. However, it is also possible to detect the operating state separately, for example by means of a pressure sensor in the space in question. Integration into the system may also be accomplished by coupling the existing device to an air removal device or air delivery device of the system such that the coupled devices function as a single device, and upon activation of the existing device, the device of the system will perform its own Delivery capacity is reduced or increased so that the total delivery rate remains substantially constant or assumes the desired value according to the inventive method. The relevant Luftabführvorrichtung or air supply device of the system can for this purpose also have sufficient own intelligence, so that the existing device must be coupled only to the device of the system and not with a central control unit. The above-mentioned pressure sensor as a coupling option can also be integrated in the relevant device of the system.

Of course, this basic method can also be developed by the fact that the total air exchange rate is changed, in particular lowered in a reduced operation and increased intensified operation. Also in this case, the control of Luftabführvorrichtungen or air supply devices is such that when reducing or increasing the Abführ- or feed rate in one or more rooms, the total air exchange rate is kept substantially constant by a corresponding increase or decrease in the air exchange rate in the other rooms.

For example, in a mode of operation "party mode" in which, for example, a high number of persons is detected in the living room and dining room or in which a correspondingly increased demand for fresh air is detected by evaluating one or more olfactory sensor signals, the overall rate of change of air is increased. This can be achieved by increasing the delivery rate of active air discharge devices or by increasing the delivery rate of active air supply devices (or both).

The operation of the method according to the invention of course requires that a sufficient overflow of air from the comfort rooms in which an air supply takes place, and the exhaust air spaces in which a discharge of the air is possible. If there are no permanently open openings or sufficiently large gaps in doors, even if they are closed, overflow openings must be provided in walls or doors. These should be dimensioned large enough not to cause air or draft at the required flow rate.

Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing. In the drawing shows

1 a schematic representation of a residential unit in which the ventilation system according to the invention is realized.

1 schematically shows the floor plan of a residential unit 1 that by means of a ventilation system 3 represents to be supplied total space. The residential unit 1 includes a living room 5 , a bedroom 7 , a kitchen 9 , a dining room 11 , a toilet 13 , a bath 15 and a hallway 17 ,

The ventilation system 3 consists of a control unit 19 to which a plurality of sensors 21 . 23 respectively. 25 connected. Furthermore, the ventilation system includes 3 in 1 three air discharge devices 27 and three air supply devices 29 ,

In the bathroom 15 arranged sensors 21 and 23 For example, it can be a humidity sensor 21 and a sensor 23 act to detect the presence of persons. In contrast, the sensors 25 in the living room 5 , Bedroom 7 , Dining room 11 and the kitchen 9 as well as in the toilet 13 are provided, as olfaktorische sensors for detecting at least one olfactory characteristic of the air present in the space to be formed. However, it can also be the sensors 25 be designed as sensors for detecting persons, in particular the number of persons. In any case, the sensors should make it possible to determine the respectively required air exchange rate in the relevant room, which creates a pleasant room climate for the persons who may be present in the respective room. This can be done in particular by recording the number of persons or the detection of an olfactory size, such as odor pollution or the like.

However, moisture sensors or the information supplied by them can also be used in order to make it possible to draw conclusions about the current indoor climate and, depending thereupon, to increase or reduce the air exchange rate.

The number and type of sensors used in each case can vary widely, depending on the desired conditions in the room. In any case, the sensors are to determine the demand for the air exchange rate or for the supply of fresh air by means of the air supply devices 29 or the determination of the necessary Luftabführrate by means of Luftabführvorrichtungen 27 enable.

These are the sensors 21 . 23 . 25 via appropriate lines to the control unit 19 connected. This determines from the sensor signals the respective demand for the air exchange rate in the individual rooms or at least determines a deviating from a normal operation needs in one or more rooms. The normal operation or the necessary control parameters or control signals are in the control unit 19 saved. Of course, the control unit 19 also include an input unit for manually inputting parameters to the control unit 19 allow the normal operation with corresponding control signals for the Luftabführvorrichtungen 27 or the air supply devices 29 set.

The input unit of the control unit 19 can of course also serve to enter parameters in the control unit, which determines the behavior of the ventilation system 3 in case of an abnormal increase or decrease in demand in one or more rooms.

In the illustrated embodiment in 1 are the air discharge devices 27 designed as active, controllable fan. By means of a suitable control by the control unit 19 Thus, the flow rate for the exhaust air in the space in question, ie in the bathroom 15 , in the toilet 13 and in the kitchen 9 be determined.

At the air supply devices 29 In the illustrated embodiment, these are passive but controllable air supply devices. These may be formed, for example, as wall openings with a controllable flap, which makes it possible, the flow rate depending on the means of Luftabführvorrichtungen 27 set generated pressure difference.

To create an air flow between the air supply devices 29 and the air discharge devices 27 to allow are in corresponding walls of the residential unit 1 overflow 31 provided, which may be formed, for example in doors such that the necessary air flow is also possible when the door is closed.

The above-mentioned normal operation, for example, be set so that, depending on the intensity of the dwelling of the housing unit 1 (For example, depending on the number of throughout the unit 1 persons) a total air exchange rate for the residential unit 1 which allows for a comfortable stay unless there is an abnormally high or low non-normal demand for the rate of air change in one or more rooms.

However, there may be an increased need for the air exchange rate, for example, by cooking in the kitchen 9 , an intensive use of the bath 15 (Showers, bathing etc.) or use of the toilet 13 be caused. Of course, an increased demand may also result from the fact that all persons who in each normal operation the residential unit 1 inhabit, in a single Room, for example the living room 5 or the dining room 11 , are gathered.

According to the invention should be avoided as possible, that in response to an increase in the need for air exchange rate in a room, the total rate of change of air for the residential unit 1 is increased if at the same time the demand for the air exchange rate in other rooms decreases or at least can be lowered in the short term, without the room climate in this room being significantly impaired thereby.

The control unit 19 is therefore designed so that an increase in the demand for the air exchange rate in a room by a corresponding control of Luftabführvorrichtungen 27 and / or the air supply devices 29 can be reacted. By suitable control, the air exchange rate can be increased in the space in question, wherein the control unit, the Luftabführvorrichtungen 27 and / or the air supply devices 29 so that the increased demand in the room in question is compensated by reducing the air exchange rate in one or more other rooms, so that the total air exchange rate for the residential unit 1 is kept substantially constant.

The following is a brief explanation of various possible modes of operation that are made possible by this principle. However, these are only examples of examples and not an exhaustive list of possibilities.

In a first case, which corresponds to the normal operation already explained above, the air supply devices 29 be fully open and the air discharge devices 27 run with a preset standard air quantity. The corresponding feed or discharge rates can be set so that the desired air exchange rate results in the respective rooms.

In a second case, which can be called night-time operation, there is a bedroom 7 an increased need for the air exchange rate, in the other rooms, however, due to lack of use a reduced demand (compared to normal operation). In this case, the air supply devices 29 in the bedroom 7 fully open and in the dining room 11 or living room 5 only be partially open. The air discharge devices 27 can continue to run in this case with unchanged air volume or delivery rate, so that the total air exchange rate for the residential unit 1 should remain constant.

In this case of night operation, however, there is the additional possibility of the Luftabführvorrichtungen 27 to run with a reduced amount of air, since the living intensity during sleep is much lower than during the day.

This case therefore corresponds to a "changed normal operation" with a reduced total air exchange rate. Again, however, the feature remains fulfilled, according to which an increased need in one of the rooms (here bedroom 7 ) increases the respective air exchange rate (here compared to the "changed normal operation") and at the same time reduces the air exchange rate in other rooms so that the total (here reduced) air exchange rate remains constant.

In a third case, there is an increased need in the bathroom 15 went out. The increased demand can, as in all other rooms, based on the sensor signals from the control unit 19 be determined. Reports the humidity sensor in the bathroom 21 a relative to normal operation increased humidity, so detects the control unit 19 From this initially an increased need for the air exchange rate. However, since an increased rate of air change in a bath use for the person concerned may be unpleasant due to the higher flow rate (given the higher demands of the bath users on the compliance with the thermal comfort), controls the control unit 19 the provided in the bathroom air removal device 27 initially so that the flow rate compared to the normal operation is even reduced. The presence of a person in the bathroom can of course by means of the sensor 23 be detected.

In order to keep the total rate of change of air as constant as possible, due to the reduced operation of the Luftabführvorrichtung 27 in the bathroom the air discharge devices 27 in the kitchen and in the toilet controlled so that they run with increased air flow. As a result, the total air exchange rate is kept constant.

Represents the control unit 19 based on the signal from the sensor 23 it is clear that after bathing the person the bath 15 left and supplies the sensor 21 at the same time increased air humidity values, so that an increased air change rate in the bath 15 is required, so controls the control unit 19 the air discharge device 27 in the bathroom so that it runs with an increased amount of air. At the same time to achieve a constant total air exchange rate, the Luftabführvorrichtungen 27 in the kitchen and in the toilet so controlled that they run with a reduced amount of air.

Represents the control unit 19 based on the signal of the humidity sensor 21 determines that there is no longer an increased need for the air exchange rate in the bath, then returns to normal operation.

In another case, it is assumed that the living room temporarily has an increased demand for the supply of fresh air. This may be due, for example, to the presence of several or a plurality of persons, so that this mode of operation may also be referred to as "party mode".

Is it the sensor 25 In the living room, a sensor for detecting an olfactory size, the party mode is activated when the sensor signals an inadequate air quality. In this case, the control unit controls 19 the air supply device 27 in the living room so that it is fully open. At the same time reduces the control unit 19 the opening of the air supply devices in the dining room 11 and bedrooms 7 , The air discharge devices 27 continue to run with the standard amount of air of normal operation, resulting in the living room increased air exchange rate.

Optionally, in party mode, the total air exchange rate for the residential unit 1 be increased by one or more Luftabführvorrichtungen 27 run with increased airflow. In this case too, however, the principle is applied that the air exchange rate in one or more rooms with increased demand is increased at the expense of the air exchange rate in other rooms.

While foregoing from a continuous operation of Luftabführvorrichtungen 27 has been assumed, the air removal devices 27 be controlled so that they run only temporarily. In addition, the air discharge devices 27 can also be controlled only in stages, without allowing a continuous adjustment.

The same can also be said for the air supply devices 29 be valid. This allows more cost-effective Luftabführvorrichtungen 27 or air supply devices 29 be used.

The levels should be chosen so that in the modes that differ from normal operation, when changing the level of one or more air supply devices 29 or air discharge devices 27 by correspondingly further changing the levels of these devices in other rooms continue to have a substantially approximately constant air exchange rate for the residential unit 1 results.

The above-described system or method for ventilation of the residential unit 1 thus offers an energetic advantage over known systems and methods in which the total air exchange rate is increased upon detection of an increased demand in a room. At the same time, the above system and method can be realized easily and inexpensively.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 4135130 C2 [0005]

Claims (12)

Method for ventilating a complete room with a plurality of separated subspaces, in particular a total room forming a residential unit, characterized in that (a) fresh air is supplied in one or more comfort rooms and exhaust air is discharged in one or more exhaust air rooms, wherein the sum of the number of comfort rooms and the number of exhaust air spaces is greater than or equal to three, (b) that in a standard operation, each comfort room is supplied with fresh air at a predetermined supply rate and exhaust air from each exhaust room at a predetermined discharge rate and (c) if necessary, increasing or reducing the rate of supply of the fresh air to one or more selected comfort rooms and / or the exhaust air removal rate from one or more selected exhaust rooms; (d) wherein the air change rate is the total space essentially by reducing or increasing the feed rate for fresh air i n one or more non-selected comfort rooms and / or by a reduction or increase in the discharge rate of one or more non-selected exhaust air spaces at a predetermined value is kept substantially constant. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the need for an increased or reduced supply rate of fresh air in a comfort room depending on a detection of the oxygen content, humidity or an olfactory parameter of the air of the comfort room concerned or depending on a detection of the Number of persons in the relevant comfort room or a combination thereof is determined. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the need for an increased or reduced discharge rate of air in an exhaust air space depending on a detection of the humidity or an olfactory parameter of the air of the respective exhaust air space or depending on a detection of the number of persons in the relevant exhaust air room or a combination thereof. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when determining an increased demand for an increased air exchange rate in an exhaust air room or a comfort room with high comfort demand on the thermal comfort and at the same time detecting the presence of a person in this subspace, the air exchange rate as long as it is not increased or even lowered, until no person is detected in this subspace, and that subsequently the air exchange rate is increased until no more increased demand is detected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an already existing in a subspace Luftabführvorrichtung or air supply device, such as an extractor hood, is involved in the process, wherein the air exchange rate caused by the existing Luftabführvorrichtung or air supply device is taken into account in the same way, such as those of special air discharge devices or air supply devices of a system for implementing the method. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a reduced operation, the air exchange rate for the entire space is reduced and / or in an intensified operation, the air exchange rate for the entire space is increased. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when increasing or reducing the discharge rate in a selected exhaust air space, the air supply rates to the comfort rooms are increased or reduced so that the ratio of any two air supply rates to the respective comfort rooms remains constant. Control device for a ventilation system for implementing the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, (a) one or more sensors for detecting at least one variable from the group of air humidity, olfactory air quality, number of persons can be connected to or connected to the control device, one or more sensors being associated with a separate subspace of a total space to be ventilated, (b) that one or more controllable air supply devices arranged in each comfort room and / or one or more air discharge devices arranged in a respective exhaust air room can be connected to the control device, and (c) that the control device comprises a control unit which evaluates sensor signals supplied by the one or more sensors and, depending thereon, generates the control signals for the one or more air supply devices such that the method according to one of the preceding claims is carried out. System for ventilating a complete room with a plurality of separated subspaces, in particular a total room forming a housing unit, characterized (A) that one or more sensors for detecting at least one variable from the group air humidity, olfactory air quality or number of persons are provided, which are connected to a control device or from this, each associated with one or more sensors a separate subspace of a total space to be ventilated are, (b) that one or more controllable, each arranged in a comfort room air supply devices and / or one or more arranged in each exhaust air space Luftabführvorrichtungen are provided, which are connected to the control device, and (c) that the control device a control unit which evaluates the sensor signals supplied by the one or more sensors and, depending thereon, generates the activation signals for the one or more air supply devices such that the method according to one of the preceding claims is carried out. Control device according to claim 6 or ventilation system according to claim 7, characterized in that the air supply devices are designed as adjustable with respect to the air passage opening, controllable air supply openings. Control device according to claim 6 or 8 or ventilation system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the Luftabführvorrichtungen be formed as with respect to the air flow rate steplessly controllable fan or as controllable in two or more stages fan, the stages of several such fan selected are that when changing the stage of one or more fans by changing the level of one or more of the other fan, the air exchange rate for the entire space can be kept substantially at a constant value. Ventilation and ventilation system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that in the exhaust air spaces or comfort rooms bounding walls and, if necessary, in these separating further walls overflow openings are provided.

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