WO1995007567A1

WO1995007567A1 - Attachment element and process for its manufacture

Info

Publication number: WO1995007567A1
Application number: PCT/EP1994/003025
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bernhard Heidenreich; Dieter Sander; Klaus Gottschalk
Original assignee: Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.; Karl Pfisterer Elektrotechnische Spezialartikel Gmbh & Co.Kg
Priority date: 1993-09-10
Filing date: 1994-09-09
Publication date: 1995-03-16
Also published as: AU7780894A; AU682066B2

Abstract

To create an attachment element for wire or cable-like bodies, in particular for ropes or cables for overhead lines, with at least one retention branch that has in one direction of lay a helical or spiral-shaped retainer with which the wire or cable-like body can be helically or spirally wrapped and can be forcibly secured against relative shift in its longitudinal direction, said attachment element being simple to manufacture, handle and mount, it is proposed that the retainer comprise at least one bundle of long fibers that are twisted together and embedded in a plastic matrix.

Description

Fastener and method of making the same

The invention relates to a fastening element, in particular a guy or suspension element, for wire or rope-like bodies, in particular for ropes or cables of overhead lines, with at least one retaining branch which has a retaining strand which is screw-shaped or spiral-shaped in one direction of impact, with which the wire- or rope-like body can be gripped in a screw or spiral manner and non-positively against a relative displacement in its longitudinal direction.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a fastening element with at least one retaining branch which has a retaining strand which is shaped in the manner of a screw or spiral in one direction of impact.

Fastening elements of this type are preferably used for fastening overhead lines to overhead line masts or buildings. For assembly, the screws are braided in a line on rotated holding branches over a section of the overhead line and, for example, a fastening section of the fastening element is fixed at the fastening point provided. Such fastening elements are known, for example from DE-OS 1 590 666, DE-PS 1 590 686, DE-OS 21 12 237 or DE-PS 29 15 698, so that they comprise several metal wires which are plastically formed in a corresponding device for producing the same, as is known, for example, from DE-PS 1 510 128 or US Pat. No. 4,015,073. The metal wires preferably run parallel to one another in the holding branch, while in the area of a fastening section they either run parallel to one another or are twisted together.

The disadvantage of these known fastening elements can be seen in the fact that, in order to achieve a sufficient force connection with the wire- or rope-like body, they have to be produced from relatively stiff metal wires, which then require assembly and handling, in particular that Mounting on a line mast, complicate and on the other hand often lead to the fastening element having poor vibration damping properties, so that additional special vibration damping elements must be provided.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a fastening element of the type described at the outset which is simple to produce, handle and assemble.

This object is achieved according to the invention in the case of a fastening element of the type described at the outset in that the holding strand comprises at least one fiber strand composed of long fibers twisted together and embedded in a plastic matrix. The solution according to the invention has the great advantage that a fiber-reinforced plastic matrix has on the one hand a high longitudinal stiffness and on the other hand a low transverse stiffness, which on the one hand makes it possible to manufacture fastenable fasteners and on the other hand makes these fasteners easy to handle, especially during assembly .

The fastening elements according to the invention, which have fiber strands of twisted long fibers embedded in a plastic matrix, are distinguished in particular by high tensile strength and high flexibility at the same time. As a result, the high tensile forces can be transmitted on the one hand, on the other hand the flexibility has the advantage that the same fastening elements can be used for a larger tolerance range of wire or rope-like bodies.

In addition, the elasticity of the fiber strands of long fibers twisted together and embedded in a plastic matrix has the advantage that the fastening element has good damping properties, so that vibrations of the wire-like or rope-like body can be effectively damped and thereby, for example, the bis-long in the case of fastening elements made of metal wires, damping elements required are no longer necessary.

Finally, the fastening elements from the fiber strands according to the invention have the advantage that fiber-reinforced plastic components have a high fatigue strength and thus a long service life. Furthermore, the production of the fiber strand from long fibers twisted together and embedded in the plastic matrix allows them to be designed in such a way that the stiffness of the fiber strand decreases with increasing radial distance from the center of the fiber strand, but at the same time the bending stresses with increasing distance from the center of the fiber strand increase less than, for example, in the case of a metal wire, which means that the clamping effect of the fiber strand encompassing the wire or rope-like body is greater than in the case of metal wires.

It is particularly advantageous in the case of a fastening element according to the invention if a direction of twisting of the long fibers in the fiber strand runs in the opposite direction to the direction of lay of the retaining strand.

The advantage of this solution is to be seen particularly in the fact that this course of the twisting direction of the fiber strand has a tendency to twist under tensile load, namely in a direction of rotation which is the same as the direction of lay of the retaining strand, so that the retaining strand has a tendency to move even better to lay the wire or rope-like body and ultimately this results in an increased clamping force of the fastening element according to the invention.

In the simplest case, the holding strand could be made from a single fiber strand. However, it is even more advantageous if the holding strand is formed from a plurality of fiber strands lying next to one another. In an alternative, the fiber strands themselves can lie freely next to one another, merely positively fixed to one another by the outer shape of the individual fiber strands, as is the case with the adjacent wires from the prior art.

Another particularly advantageous exemplary embodiment provides that the fiber strands form a fiber strand composite with one another, one or more fiber strand composite being able to form a holding strand.

With regard to the formation of the fibers of the fiber strand, no further details have so far been given. For example, it would be conceivable to produce the fiber strand from carbon fibers. However, since these are electrically conductive, it is advantageously provided that the fiber strand has electrically non-conductive fibers. This has the great advantage that current-carrying lines can be held directly with such a fastening element, or that capacitive coupling into the fibers of the fiber strand around the associated partial discharges no longer occur in the case of current-carrying wire or cable-like bodies.

The fibers can preferably be glass fibers. Alternatively, it is conceivable if the fibers are aramid fibers or polyethylene fibers.

With regard to the plastic matrix that surrounds the fibers, no further details have likewise been given in connection with the previous exemplary embodiments. An advantageous exemplary embodiment provides that the plastic matrix is made of a thermoset. Another advantageous embodiment provides that the plastic matrix is made of a thermoplastic.

In connection with the previous exemplary embodiments, the only requirement was that the fibers should be long fibers in order to ensure a sufficient tensile load on the fiber strands. Another advantageous exemplary embodiment provides that the fibers are continuous fibers.

With regard to the fastening element, in connection with the exemplary embodiments explained so far, it has only been established that they have a retaining strand. For example, a fastening element would also be conceivable, which has only two holding strands in order to connect two wire or rope-like bodies to one another. For the attachment of wire-like or rope-like bodies, however, it is particularly expedient if the holding strand is shaped into a fastening section following the holding arm, wherein the fastening section can be, for example, a loop.

Furthermore, it has so far only been specified that the fastening element has a retaining branch. However, it is particularly advantageous, in particular to achieve a high tensile strength, if it has two holding branches. The two holding branches could extend in different directions. A particularly advantageous version of a fastening element according to the invention, however, provides that the holding branches engage the wire or rope-like body in the same area, so that preferably the holding branches engage in one another and thus result in an increased clamping effect.

With regard to the type and arrangement of the holding branches in the fastening element before assembly, no further details have been given in connection with the previous exemplary embodiments. An advantageous exemplary embodiment provides that the holding branches engage in a screw or spiral shape before they are installed, that is to say are arranged in the same position relative to one another as later after installation.

In this case, the holding branches must be unwrapped before assembly and then wrapped around the wire or rope-like body again.

Furthermore, the advantage of this solution is to be seen in particular in the space required for the storage of such fastening elements, since, in contrast to the known fastening elements made of metal wires, they have retaining branches which do not protrude from one another and which either have to be bound together or require a large amount of space.

In connection with the explanations of the exemplary embodiments described so far, only the formation of the fiber strand itself has been discussed. However, it is particularly advantageous if the fiber strand is provided with a covering. Such a covering has the great advantage that the per se sensitive composite of long fibers and plastic matrix is given additional protection.

It is particularly advantageous if the sheath provides corrosion protection or weather protection for the fiber strand, and in particular the sheath can also be designed to be UV-absorbing in order to prevent UV damage to the composite of plastic matrix and long fibers.

Another advantage of a sheath can be seen in the fact that the sheath creates the possibility of avoiding contamination of the fiber strands.

Alternatively or in addition, it is provided that the covering forms a separating element for fiber strands lying next to one another. This makes it possible, for example, to avoid sticking individual fiber strands or soiling molds and aids when using a thermoset.

As an alternative or in addition to the above-described embodiments of sheaths, a further embodiment of a sheath provides that this is a carrier of a friction-increasing coating, which is preferably arranged on an inside of the fiber strands forming the holding strand, in order to reduce the friction between the wire or rope-like body and improve the tether. The casing can be designed in a wide variety of ways.

An advantageous embodiment of a sheath provides that it is a coating of the fiber strand.

Such a coating can be produced, for example, as part of a single- or multi-stage powder coating or as part of an encapsulation with a corresponding material, for example a plastic material, in particular a thermoplastic.

Alternatively, it is provided that the sheath is formed by a film surrounding the strand.

The film can be fixed in a wide variety of ways. For example, it is provided that the film is fixed to the fiber strand by welding. For this purpose, for example, the film is wrapped or wrapped around the fiber strand and then welded to itself.

Another advantageous form of the sheath, which is particularly advantageous in terms of production, provides that it surrounds several fiber strands.

In order to prevent all fiber strands from being protected from the sheath when the sheath is damaged, it is preferably provided that the sheath completely strands each fiber strand with respect to the other fiber strand sealingly encloses, so that each individual fiber strand is sealed for itself by the covering. This is possible either by placing the foils around the fiber strands in a corresponding manner and welding them, or by overmolding a number of fiber strands in such a way that the sheathing also lies between the fiber strands.

In the case of a sheath surrounding several fiber strands at the same time, it is particularly advantageous if it connects the fiber strands to form a strand composite. In this case, not every fiber strand has to be handled separately during the production of the fastening element, but a fiber strand composite as a whole can be handled.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the holding strand consists of a strand assembly, so that the holding strand itself is easier to handle even when the spiral is attached to the wire or rope-like body.

It is particularly expedient if the sheathing keeps the fiber strands at a predetermined distance from one another, so that the area of the sheathing lying between the fiber strands can serve to prevent wrinkling during the helical or spiral winding of the holding strand.

With regard to the holding strand forming the holding branches, no further details have so far been given. An advantageous exemplary embodiment provides for the holding strand to have a friction-increasing coating on its inside. This coating can either be applied subsequently by grinding the holding strand and applying a friction-increasing coating, for example a corundum layer with an adhesive or a mass corresponding to the plastic matrix.

However, it is also conceivable for the friction-increasing coating - as already mentioned - to be held by the covering or to be fixed to the fiber strands by means of the covering.

As an alternative to this, it is advantageously provided that the holding strand has an inside which is shaped to increase friction. For this purpose, the holding strand is preferably provided with a corresponding corrugation on its inside.

The fastening element according to the invention can be designed to be mountable either directly on the wire- or rope-like body.

As an alternative to this, however, fastening elements according to the invention are also designed such that they can be mounted on the wire or cable-like body with a, for example, friction-increasing intermediate piece, in particular a friction-increasing sleeve.

A particularly expedient solution provides that a clamping wedge for receiving the wire or rope-like body can be gripped around with the holding strand, the clamping wedge forming the intermediate piece. The clamping wedge is preferably designed such that it comprises two wedge halves which can be fixed to one another.

The object of the invention is further achieved according to the invention in a method of the type described at the outset by embedding long fibers in a plastic matrix for the production of the holding strand and twisting them together in a twisting direction and by the holding strand comprising at least one fiber strand being plastic deformable plastic matrix screw or spiral shaped in the direction of impact and then the plastic matrix is brought into a no longer plastically deformable or dimensionally stable state.

Fastening elements produced by such a method have the same advantages already mentioned at the beginning in connection with the fastening elements themselves.

Furthermore, it is particularly advantageous if the twisting direction runs in the opposite direction to the direction of impact of the retaining strand, which results in the even better clamping effect of the fastening elements according to the invention.

Particularly for the production of the fastening elements according to the invention, it is advantageous if the holding strand is produced from interconnected fiber strands, since this means that the handling of individual fiber strands in the manufacture of the holding strand can be dispensed with and thus the production speed is increased, in particular when winding the holding strand can. With regard to the production of the holding branch, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if it is wound in a screw or spiral manner onto a core, the plastic matrix in particular being in a plastically deformable state for this purpose.

For reasons already mentioned in connection with the description of the fastening element, it has proven to be advantageous if the fiber strand is provided with a covering.

In particular, it is provided that the fiber strand is provided with the covering in the plastically deformable, in particular uncured, state of the plastic matrix. In the case of a thermoset, this allows the fiber strands to be further processed immediately, without having to take care that the plastic matrix is not cured. However, the sheathing is particularly advantageous in the case of a thermosetting plastic, so that sticking of the fiber strands during further processing to the holding strands can be prevented. This requires, in particular, that the fiber strands are provided with the sheath before the helical or spiral-shaped shaping of the holding strand, in particular immediately after the production of the fiber strands themselves.

The fiber strands can be determined with a coating, the coating being applied, for example, as a lacquer layer or as an encapsulated layer. As an alternative to this, provision is made for the fiber strands to be covered with a film, the film preferably being welded.

To increase the friction between the holding strands and the wire or rope-like body, it is provided that the holding strand is provided on its inside with a friction-increasing layer.

This friction-increasing layer is preferably applied either to the fiber strands or to the sheathing thereof before the holding strand is produced or after the holding strand has been produced.

Alternatively, it is provided that the holding strand is shaped to increase friction on its inside, that is to say has a surface structure which increases the friction between the latter and the wire or rope-like body.

This friction-increasing shaping of the inside can preferably be achieved by winding the holding strand onto a core carrying a friction-increasing negative mold.

The production of the fastening element according to the invention is particularly advantageous in the case of a tensioning spiral if the fiber strands are wound around a core in the form of a strand band, in particular in the form of a strand band formed as a closed strand, with a negative form for the core on both sides Loop is arranged. Furthermore, it is possible to use a thimble arranged on both sides of the core as a negative form for the loop.

Further features and advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the drawing of some exemplary embodiments.

The drawing shows:

1 shows a representation of a first embodiment of a fastening element according to the invention in the form of a guy spiral with the position of the spiral branches resulting from the production thereof;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of the guy spiral according to FIG. 1 with the spiral branches wound up and bent apart;

3 shows an exemplary representation of an insert of the guy spiral according to the invention;

4 shows a detail of a fiber strand according to the invention;

5 shows a representation of a twist angle of individual long fibers of the fiber strand plotted over a radius thereof; 6 shows a course of the elastic modulus of the fiber strand according to the invention plotted over the radius thereof;

7 shows a representation of the tension curve in a fiber strand according to the invention (FIG. 7a) compared to the tension curve in a metal wire (FIG. 7b);

8 shows the course of the bending stresses over the radius of a fiber strand according to the invention in comparison to a metal strand;

9 shows a detail of a fiber strand according to the invention in the unloaded state (large diameter and drawn with a solid line) and in the state with tensile load (small diameter and dashed lines).

10 shows a schematic illustration of a course of a fiber strand according to the invention in the holding strand in the unloaded state (drawn solid) and in the tensile load state (drawn in broken lines);

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along line 11-11 in Fig. 10; 12 shows a schematic illustration of a device for producing a fiber strand according to the invention;

FIG. 13 shows a partial schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a covered fiber strand; FIG.

14 shows a detail of a second exemplary embodiment of an apparatus for producing a covered fiber strand;

15 shows a cross section through the covered fiber strand;

16 shows a detail of a third exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a covered fiber strand;

17 shows a schematic illustration of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a covered fiber strand according to the invention;

18 shows a cross section through the fiber strand composite produced by the device according to FIG. 17;

19 shows a schematic partial illustration of a fifth exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a covered fiber strand; Fig. 20 is a section along line 20-20 in Fig. 19 and

21 shows a cross section through the fiber strand composite produced with the device according to FIG. 19;

22 shows a partial illustration of a sixth exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a covered fiber strand;

23 shows a section along line 23-23 in FIG. 22;

24 shows a cross section through a fiber strand composite produced with the device according to FIG. 22;

25 shows a schematically illustrated exemplary embodiment of a winding device according to the invention;

FIG. 26 is a plan view of a construction of a winding device according to the invention shown in FIG. 25;

FIG. 27 shows a side view of the winding device according to FIG. 26 without strand band in the direction of arrow X in an enlarged illustration;

28 shows a schematic illustration of the winding device according to the invention at the start of the winding process; 29 shows a schematic illustration corresponding to FIG. 28 during the winding process;

30 shows a schematic illustration of a device at the end of the winding process;

31 shows a representation of the two tensioning spirals obtainable with the winding device according to the invention;

32 shows a cross section through a further exemplary embodiment of a guy spiral according to the invention;

33 shows a longitudinal section through a second exemplary embodiment of a guy spiral according to the invention with a clamping wedge and

34 is an opened view of the clamping wedge according to FIG. 33.

An embodiment of a fastening element according to the invention is a guy spiral shown in FIG. 1 and designated as a whole by 10, which comprises a loop 12 to which, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, two spiral branches 14 and 16 serving as holding branches are molded. The spiral branches 14 and 16 are in turn formed by a holding strand 22 which is helically or spirally formed around an axis 20 in an impact direction 18, each holding strand 22, as shown in FIG. 2, comprising a plurality of fiber strands 24. The axes 20 of the holding strands 22 of each spiral branch 14 and 16 coincide.

Such a guy spiral 10, as shown in Fig. 3, serves to hold a support cable 26 of an overhead line 28 or the overhead line 28 directly, the two spiral branches 14 and 16 being wound onto an area 30 of the support cable 26 so that they are circumferential rest on the support cable 26 and tighten due to a tensile load acting in the longitudinal direction 32 of the support cable 26 and keep the support cable 26 immovable in the longitudinal direction 32. The loop 12 is, for example, hooked into a fixedly anchored hook 32 and is preferably also placed around a thimble 34 which protects the loop 12 against wear.

As shown in FIG. 4, each of the fiber strands 24 comprises a plurality of long fibers 40 twisted together, which are embedded in a plastic matrix 42. The long fibers 40 can also be continuous fibers.

Preferably electrically non-conductive fibers, ie in particular glass fibers or aramid fibers, are used as long fibers 40. The fiber strand 24 constructed from twisted long fibers 40, as shown in FIG. 5, has a twist angle j which varies over the radius r thereof with respect to a longitudinal direction 44 of the fiber strand 24, the twist angle j being linear from a center of the fiber strand 24 at r = 0 increases with the radius r up to the radius rmax.

The elastic modulus Ex behaves differently in such a fiber strand 24, as shown in FIG. 6, which decreases starting from the center of the fiber strand 24 up to the maximum radius rmax with increasing radius r, which is related to the fact that the fibers have a larger radius r with increasing radius Have twist angles and thus the fiber strand is more elastic in this area.

As shown in FIG. 7, this leads to the fact that with increasing radius r in the fiber strand 24, the stresses s under tensile load decrease with increasing radius r up to the radius rmax, as in FIG. 7a using the example of a fiber strand 24 in the plastic matrix 42 embedded glass fibers is shown. This is significantly different with a strand of metal known from the prior art, as shown in FIG. 7b. In this, the distribution of the stresses s over the radius r is constant.

As a result of the elasticity module Ex changing with the radius r, as shown in FIG. 6, there is a profile of the bending stresses b over the radius r in the fiber strand 24, which is considerably flatter in comparison with the profile of the bending stresses b in a metal strand , as shown in Fig. 8. It follows from this that a fiber strand 24 twisted according to the invention is flexible and that, in addition, a low tensile stiffness occurs on the outside thereof. Together, these two factors increase the clamping effect of the holding strand 22 produced from such a fiber strand 24.

A fiber strand 24 twisted according to the invention also has the property shown in FIG. 9 that when it is subjected to a tensile load, the outer twist angle j1 changes, namely in that the twisted angle of the outer fibers j 2 in the fiber strand 24 subjected to tensile stress (shown in broken lines) is smaller than the twist angle j 1 of the outer fibers in the unloaded state (drawn solid). In addition, it follows that the fiber strand 24 rotates through an angle V in the tension-loaded state, since the fibers in the tension-loaded state have a tendency to untwist.

If, as shown in FIG. 10, the spiral or helical holding strand 22 is formed from such fiber strands 24 in such a way that the direction of lay 18 of the latter runs counter to a twisting direction 46, then the twist V acts in the direction of lay 18 and in the event of tensile loading leads to the fact that the fiber strands 24 of the holding strand 22 nestle even more strongly on the support rope 26, as can be clearly seen from FIGS. 10 and 11 (tensile load: drawn in dashed lines; unloaded: drawn solid line).

A fiber strand 24 according to the first exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, is produced in the simplest case so that the required number of long fibers or continuous fibers 40 are unwound from bobbins 50 of a bobbin 52 and are simultaneously passed through a soaking device 54 in which each of the fibers is soaked with the material of the plastic matrix 42.

These fibers impregnated with the plastic matrix 42 are then fed to a nozzle 56 which unites the individual fibers 40 with the plastic matrix 42 to form the fiber strand 24. In order to achieve the required twisting of the fibers 40 in the fiber strand 24, the bobbin 52 is rotated about an axis 58.

The fiber strand 24 is then, as shown in FIG. 12, wound up, for example, by a strand drum 60, the rotational speed of the strand drum and the bobbin 52 determining the twist angle.

The fiber strands 24 produced in this way can now be processed into the holding strand 22 by helically winding a plurality of fiber strands lying next to one another, the plastic matrix either not yet having to be hardened or brought back into a plastically deformable state for the winding of the holding strand 22.

A device according to the invention for producing a holding strand 22 according to the invention is described in detail below.

The fiber strand 24 can in turn also be designed as a u-wrapped fiber strand 124. One possibility here is for the fiber strand 24 not to be wound up by the strand drum 60 after passing through the nozzle 56 13, but first passes through a coating station 62, as shown in FIG. 13, in which the fiber strand 24 is coated with powder coating, the powder coating in the coating station 62 either being sprinkled onto the fiber strand 24 or applied using the vertebral ether method. A fiber strand 24 provided with a lacquer powder layer 126 passes through a melting station 64 after the coating station 62, in which the lacquer powder layer 126 is melted and thereby forms a uniform lacquer layer 128 surrounding the fiber strand 24.

The covered fiber strand 124 comprising the lacquer layer 128 and the fiber strand 24 is then wound up by the strand drum 60.

A second possibility for producing a covered fiber strand 224 is shown in FIG. 14. In this, the fiber strand 24 coming from the nozzle 56 is coated with a plastic film tape 228, for example a polyester shrink film. This plastic film band 228 is introduced into a film welding device 66. In the film welding device 66, the plastic film band 228 is wrapped around the fiber strand 24 and, for example, on one side thereof, as shown in FIG. 15, is welded with a weld seam 230 as close as possible to the fiber strand 24. The fiber strand 224 thus coated with the film strip 228 is then wound up on the strand drum 60. As an alternative to the second exemplary embodiment of a covered fiber strand 224 shown in FIG. 14, in a third exemplary embodiment of a covered fiber strand 324 after the nozzle 56, the plastic film strip 228 is wound helically around the fiber strand 24 by means of a winding device 68, wherein in the winding device 68, for example, the plastic film 228 is wound on a spool 70 which in turn rotates about the longitudinal axis 44 of the fiber strand. In this case, the plastic film strip 228 is preferably wound overlapping around the fiber strand 24 and in particular welded by subsequent heating.

A fourth exemplary embodiment of a covered fiber strand 424, as shown in FIG. 17, is produced by passing the fiber strand 24, which comes out of the nozzle 56, through an injection mold 72, which by means of an extruder 74 has molten plastic Material material, such as polyethylene, is supplied. In this extrusion mold 72, not a single fiber strand 24 is overmolded, but rather several adjacent fiber strands 24 are overmolded simultaneously, each fiber strand 24 being surrounded by a jacket 428 and the individual jackets 428 in turn being connected by webs 430, so that the enveloped fiber strands 424, as shown in FIG. 18, form a fiber strand composite 432 in which a plurality of covered fiber strands 424 are connected to one another at a defined distance by the webs 430 between the individual sheaths 428. In a fifth embodiment of a covered fiber strand 524, shown in FIG. 19, a plurality of fiber strands 24 are also fed to a welding station 76, each after passing through the nozzle 56 provided for them, which also has an upper plastic film band 528a and a lower plastic film band 528b are supplied as shown in FIG. 20.

In the welding station 76, the two plastic film strips 528a and 528b on both sides of the fiber strands 24 are provided with weld seams 526 as close as possible to the fiber strands 24, so that each of the fiber strands 24 is welded in between the upper plastic film strip 528a and the lower plastic film strip 528b . The regions of the plastic film strips 528a and 528b lying between individual fiber strands 24 in turn form webs which hold the individual fiber strands 24 next to one another at a defined distance. The fiber strands 24 also form a fiber strand composite 532 due to their covering by the plastic film strips 528a and 528b welded together.

In a sixth exemplary embodiment of a covered fiber strand 624 according to the invention, a plurality of fiber strands 24 are fed to a packaging station 78 after passing through the nozzle 56 provided for them, the fiber strands 24 being fed alternately to the packaging station 78 on two levels 80 and 82. Furthermore, a separating film 626 as well as an upper plastic film band 628a and a lower plastic film band 628b are fed to the packaging station 78. In the packaging station 78, the two levels 80 and 82 are brought together the separating film 626 is placed in a wave shape between successive fiber strands 24 and, in addition, the upper plastic film band 628a and the lower plastic film band 628b are placed on top and bottom of the adjacent fiber strands 24. Furthermore, the plastic film bands 628a and 628b are joined together and with the separating film 626 welded, so that a fiber strand composite 632 is also formed with essentially adjacent fiber strands 24, which are only kept apart by the separating film 626.

However, in this fiber strand composite as well, each fiber strand 24 is individually wrapped by the entirety of the plastic film strips 628a, b and the separating film 626, as shown in FIG. 24.

The guy spiral 10 is produced, as shown schematically in FIG. 25, in a winding device designated as a whole by 140. This winding device comprises two loop elements 142 and 144 which are arranged at a distance from one another and which, as supports for the fiber strands 24, have circular segment-like contact surfaces 146 and 148, the contact surfaces 146 and 148 determining the later shape of the loop 12.

Furthermore, the winding device comprises a core rod 150 which extends between the loop elements 142 and 144 and forms a winding core. Each loop element 142 or 144 is further assigned two sliders 152 and 154 or 156 and 158, which are each arranged in the longitudinal direction 160 of the core rod at the same distance from the corresponding loop element 142 or 144 and at the same radial distance from the core rod 150 . Around the loop elements 142 and 144 as well as all sliding pieces 152 to 158, a strand band 162 is now placed to produce two guying spirals 10, which in a strand band level 164 has several fiber strands 24 lying next to one another or several covered fiber strands 124, 224, 324 or lying next to each other in the strand plane 164 a fiber strand composite 432, 532 or 632 or more thereof. In the case of a fiber strand composite 432, 532 or 632, the individual fiber strands 24 likewise lie in the strand band plane 164.

The strand band 162 preferably runs as a closed run around the loop elements 142 and 144 and the slide pieces 152 to 158.

As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the winding device 140 is designed such that each of the loop elements 142 and 144 is seated on a loop element carrier 170 and 172, which in turn is on a slide guide 174 and 176 in the longitudinal direction 160 of the core rod 150 is guided. Each of the slide guides 174 and 176 is rotatably held about the longitudinal direction 160 of the core rod 150 as a rotational axis on rotary bearing bodies 178 and 180 or 182 and 184 arranged on both sides of the slide element carriers 170 and 172, the rotary bearing bodies 180 and 184 being rotatable on the core rod 150 are stored. In contrast, the rotary bearing bodies are 178 and 182 each driven by a motor shaft 186 or 188 of a motor, not shown in the drawing, with the opposite direction of rotation, but preferably the same speed.

The loop element carriers 170 and 172 are freely displaceable on the slide guides 174 and 176, the loop element carriers 170 and 172 being acted upon by a compression spring 190 in relation to the core rod 150 in the direction away from the core rod 150.

The slide pieces 152 and 154 or 156 and 158 are in turn mounted on slide piece supports 192 and 194 which extend radially to the core rod 150 and on which the slide pieces 152 are slidably mounted in the radial direction to the core rod 150, the displacement speed of the slide pieces 152 and 154 or 156 and 158 can be predetermined in the radial direction, namely in a defined ratio relative to the speed of the motor shafts 186 and 188 by an angle of inclination a of the fiber strands 24 with respect to the longitudinal direction 160 of the core rod 150 and thus also with respect to the Fix axis 20.

28, the loop elements 142 and 144 with the corresponding slide pieces 152 and 154 or 156 and 158 are turned in a defined relationship between the radial displacement speed of the slide pieces 152, 154, 156, 158 the motor shafts 186 and 188, the strand band 162 is wound around the core rod 150 in such a way that the fiber strands 24 are at an angle to the longitudinal direction 160 of the Core rods 150 run. The sliders 152 and 154 or 156 and 158 migrate radially inward, as shown in FIG. 29. This takes place until, as shown in FIG. 30, there are two tensioning spirals 10, the spiral branches 14 and 16 of which are formed by the strand band 162 wound helically around the core rod 150 and extend on both sides of a central plane 196.

After the plastic matrix 42 of the fiber strands 24 has hardened, the core rod 160 is removed and then severed in the plane of symmetry 196, so that, as shown in FIG. 31, two tensioning spirals have formed.

As shown in FIG. 32, in a further exemplary embodiment of a guy spiral 10 'according to the invention, a friction-increasing layer 202 is also provided on an inner side 200 of the fiber strands 24, which layer contains, for example, corundum particles. In the simplest case, this friction-increasing layer 202 can be applied after the tensioning spiral 10 has been produced with a corresponding adhesive layer.

As an alternative to this, it is conceivable to apply this friction-increasing layer 202 to the inside of the strand band 162 prior to the winding of the tensioning spirals 10, for example to anchor it in the coverings 28, 128, 228, 328, 428, 528, 628 of the fiber strands 24.

Another exemplary embodiment 10 "of a guy spiral according to the invention shown in FIG. 33 is not intended for direct gripping around a wire or strand-like body, for example a carrying cable 26, but rather provides for the additional use of a clamping wedge 210, which has a conical outer surface 212 which is gripped by the cylindrical or conically helically wound holding strands 22 of the spiral branches 14 and 16.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 34, the clamping wedge comprises two half-shells 214 and 216, which together form an inner channel 218, in which the supporting cable 26 can be inserted. The inner channel 218 is preferably also provided with a friction-increasing layer 202 or a friction-increasing surface, for example a toothing. In particular, these allow adaptation to different cable diameters.

The two half-shells 214 and 216 of the clamping wedge 210 are preferably connected on the one hand by a film hinge 220 and on the other hand by a snap closure formed from two elements 222a and 222b, as a result of which the half-shells 214 can be folded around the supporting cable 26 and by means of the snap lock 222a, b can be fixed to the supporting cable and thus form the clamping wedge with the conical outer lateral surface 212, around which the spiral branches 14 and 16 can then be folded.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Fastening element for wire or rope-like bodies, in particular for ropes or cables of overhead lines, with at least one retaining branch which has a holding strand which is helically or helically shaped in one lay direction and with which the wire or rope-like body is helically or helically can be gripped and non-positively fixed against a relative displacement in the longitudinal direction thereof, characterized in that the holding strand (22) comprises at least one fiber strand (24) of long fibers (40) twisted together and embedded in a plastic matrix (42).

2. Fastening element according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a twisting direction (46) of the Lang¬ fibers (40) in the fiber strand (24) in the opposite direction to the lay direction (18) of the retaining strand (22).

3. Fastening element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holding strand (22) from a strand band (162) is formed from several adjacent fiber strands (24).

4. Fastening element according to claim 3, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the fiber strands (24) in the strand band (162) lie freely next to each other.

5. Fastening element according to claim 3, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the fiber strands (24) together form a fiber strand composite (432, 532, 632).

6. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber strand 24 is electrically non-conductive long fibers (40).

7. Fastening element according to claim 6, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the fiber strand (24) is made of glass fibers (40).

8. Fastening element according to claim 6, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the fiber strand (24) made of aramid fibers or polyethylene fibers (40).

9. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plastic matrix (42) is a thermoset.

10. Fastening element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plastic matrix (42) is made of a thermoplastic.

11. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the long fibers (40) are continuous fibers.

12. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Halt¬ strand (22) following the Halteast (14, 16) is formed into a fastening section (12).

13. Fastening element according to claim 12, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the fastening element comprises two holding branches (14, 16).

14. Fastening element according to claim 13, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the two holding branches (14, 16) engage around the wire or rope-like body (26) in the same area (30) interlocking.

15. Fastening element according to one of claims 12 to

14, characterized in that the fastening section is a loop formed by the holding strand (22).

16. Fastening element according to one of claims 13 to

15, characterized in that the two holding branches (14, 16) intermesh in a screw or spiral shape prior to their assembly.

17. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each fiber strand (24) is provided with a covering (128, 228, 328, 428, 528, 628).

18. Fastening element according to claim 17, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the sheath (128, 228, 328, 428, 528, 628) forms a corrosion protection for the fiber strand (24).

19. Fastening element according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the covering (128, 228, 328, 428, 528, 628) forms a separating element for fiber strands (24) lying next to one another.

20. Fastening element according to one of claims 17 to

19, characterized in that the covering (128, 228, 328, 428, 528, 628) is a carrier of a friction-increasing coating (202).

21. Fastening element according to one of claims 17 to

20, characterized in that the covering (128, 428) is a coating of the fiber strand (24).

22. Fastening element according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the covering (228, 328, 528, 628) is formed by a film surrounding the fiber strand (24).

23. Fastening element according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the covering (428, 528, 628) surrounds a plurality of fiber strands (24).

24. Fastening element according to claim 23, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the sheath (428, 528, 628) completely encloses each fiber strand (24) with respect to the other fiber strand (24).

25. Fastening element according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the covering (428, 528, 628) connects a plurality of fiber strands (24) to form a strand composite (432, 532, 632).

26. Fastening element according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the covering (428, 528) holds the fiber strands (24) at a predetermined distance from one another.

27. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding strand (22) on its inside (200) carries a friction-increasing coating (202).

28. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding strand (22) has a friction-increasing shaped inside (200).

29. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with the holding strand (22) a clamping wedge (210) for receiving the wire or rope-like body (26) can be gripped.

30. Fastening element according to claim 29, characterized in that the clamping wedge 210 comprises two wedge halves (214, 216).

31. A method for producing a fastening element with at least one retaining branch, which has a helical or spiral-shaped retaining strand in one direction of impact, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that long fibers are embedded in an uncured plastic matrix in order to produce the retaining strand and twisted together in a twisting direction to form a fiber strand and that the holding strand is shaped helically or spirally in the direction of lay in the case of a plastically deformable plastic matrix and then the plastic matrix is brought into a state which is no longer plastically deformable or dimensionally stable.

32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that the twisting direction of the long fibers runs in the opposite direction of rotation to the direction of lay.

33. The method according to claim 31 or 32, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the holding strand is produced as a strand strand comprising several fiber strands.

34. The method according to claim 33, characterized in that the strand band is made from freely adjacent fiber strands.

35. The method according to claim 33, characterized in that the holding strand is produced from interconnected fiber strands.

36. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 35, characterized in that a fastening section is formed from the tether following the tether.

37. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that a loop is formed as a fastening section.

38. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 37, characterized in that two holding branches are formed from the holding strand.

39. The method according to claim 38, characterized in that the two holding branches are formed with their helical or spiral area interlocking.

40. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the helical or spiral Halteast is produced by winding the fiber strands on a core.

41. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 40, characterized in that each fiber strand is provided with a covering.

42. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that the fiber strand is provided with the covering in the uncured state of the plastic matrix.

43. The method according to claim 41 or 42, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the fiber strand is provided with the sheath before the helical or spiral shape of the holding strand.

44. The method according to any one of claims 41 to 43, characterized in that the fiber strand is coated with a coating.

45. The method according to any one of claims 41 to 43, characterized in that the fiber strand is covered with a film.

46. The method according to claim 45, characterized in that the film is welded.

47. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 46, characterized in that the holding strand is provided on its inside with a friction-increasing layer.

48. The method according to claim 47, characterized in that the friction-increasing layer is applied to the casing before the helical or spiral shape of the holding strand.

49. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 48, characterized in that the holding strand is shaped to increase friction on its inside.

50. The method according to claim 49, characterized in that the holding strand is wound onto a core carrying a friction-increasing negative mold.