WO1995004954A1 - Images projector for moving observers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention here reported concerns to a succession of frameworks (1) every one formed by vertical laminas (5) focalized toward a focus (6) which, in such case, is an observer in parallel movement to the frameworks plane. It makes possible that images succeeding picture to picture, which day by day are seen on the subway tunnel walls as blurred one into another (because of the train speed), can be seen only when the observer is in the laminas focus (6), and that, consequently, through the laminas (5), each image be seen not as if it were passing by the observer, but as if it were twinkling before him. As the velocity involved in such case is high, also the twinkling frequency is high, becoming possible a continuity from picture to picture, similar so that one afforded by the shutter of a motion picture projector.

Description

Descriptive Report About the Invention Patent:

"Images Projector for Moving Observers"

The invention here reported concerns to a succession of frameworks (figure 7), every one formed by vertical Laminas focalized towards a focus(see figure I, number 6) which, in such case, is an observer in parallel movement to the frameworks plane. It. makes possible that images succeeding picture to picture

(figure 4, number 2), which day by day are seen on the subway tunnel walls as blurried one into another (because of the train speediness), can be seen only when the observer is in the laming focus, and that, consequently, through the laminas, each image be seen not as if it were parsing by the observer, but as if it were twinkling before him.

As the velocity involved in such case is high, also the

twinkling frequency is high, becoming possible a continuity from picture to picture, similar to that one afforded by the shutter of a motion picture projector.

The efect is based on the following facts:

Retinal Persistence-Images that light end' extinguish within a time interval minor than a twentieth of a second, are perceived by us as if they did not extinguish. The human eye, because it has a time of post-stimulus, joins a stimulus to the other one immediatly posterior, since in presence of the above mentioned frequency.

Phi Phenomenon-If we put two little eletric lamps at a determinate distance one from the other, twinkling alternatively before an observer, there will be one frequency in which the two little eletric lamps will look like one unique little eletric lamp that "walks" from one point to another.

What becomes functional the frameworks with the laminas (figure I and 7, number 5) is the fact that the time σf exposition, during which every image is submitted to what the laminas allow to see, tends to zero. And this is obtained by enlarging the laminas width (figure I, number 9), and/or increasing the Laminas number, reducing consequently the distance between them (figure I, number 8).

The distance of two meters (figure I,2,3-number 10), an optimal distance used as an example in the figures, as well as the se paration between the Laminas (figure I, number 8), equal to 8,8 millimeters, and the laminas breadth ( figure I, number9), equal to 7,5 centimeters, do not turn 100% efficient the laminas frameworks of the projector. It is so, because the laminas can not have the focal distance breadth, nor the separation between theLaminas tending to zero (figure I, number 8), a condition that would restrict the focal position to an utmost limit, reducing the image appearance time and Increasing its disappearance time (see blind spot-figure I, number 7).

On the other side, such limitations allow that observers situated between 0,5 meter over (figures 2 and 3-number 10) the optimal focus point (figures 1.2 and 3 - number 10) and 0,5 meter below (figures 1,2 and 3 - number 10) the optimal focus point, can participate (even if not of the image totality) partially of the optimal focus point effect (a distance within which all the laminas are fronting the observers and, consequently, the image which is seen through them, appears in full length, what shows that, on account of the figures proportions, there will be a certain images indefinition degree, once there is such one meter focal breach which is equivalent to more a time of exposition of each image for any observer being situated in the optimal focus point.

With the above mentioned proportions, forty-four centimeters (4,4 centimeters) wide images (figure 4, number 1 and 2) would twinkle at a eighty kilometers per hour (80 km/hr) velocity and a frequency of a fiftieth (1/50) of a second! of time (a frequency equivalent, to that one of a television receiving set).

As we can observe in the Figures 2 and 3, numbers 10, 10- and 10, the number of persons per train car having total or partial access to the images is not small, moreover because he who will be situated' outside such focal distances will see a succession of ondulations of the images, in the same direction of the observer's dislocation, effect which, can be worked, meking possible effects such as colours waving with the pictures passing in a whole through the windows, but which, if seen in their details, result from the superposition of another colours.

Respecting to the blind spot (figure 1, number 7), its distance from the focus (figure 1, number 6) determines that the former image be totally extinguished when the observer dislocates himself half of the width (figure 1, letter x/2), after the passage of the picture focus axis (figure 1, letter L) , or that each image only be seen by the observer, when the former image be totally extinguished and that the image appearance time; be equal to its disappearance time, because the distances between the blind spots and the; optimal focal points, are equal to a half of the images width (this is the proportions between the laminas remain quite the same from one pictures to another) About, the materials of which the laminas would be made, the unique requirement is that their thickness be the minimal possible, in order to avoid a great interference in the images that will be seen through them, as they will be numerous: about two laminas per each centimeter of the image width, approximately 7,5 centimeters (seven centimeters and a half) of each lemina width.

The plastic materiel, as it is already produced in reduced) thickness (as a card credit type), with a good handling in the fabrication, durability, and specifically cheaper and lighter than the metals, would be appropriate for the above mentioned! requirement.

In the figure 5, number 12, it is represented an illumination through fluorescent light lamps ("back light" type;).

According to illumination technicians the minimum required) light, quantity to be: irradiated! from the panel, In order that the images can be; seen from within a train car, for instance, must be fourfold! to fivefold) the light quantity in the local where the observer is situated. In the subway train cars (Sao Paulo) the light quantity is about 200 lux, what indicates a light, required quantity irradiated from the panel around 800 and 1000 lux. A quantity that would not be difficult to get through fluorescent electric lamps without occurring light spots, in spite of an installation in very narrow places (minimal distance electric lamp/"screen" approximately 10 centimeters (ten centimeters)).

But nothing: prevents that, for instance, in an amusement park be used curve shaped pictures, forming a tunnel which does not require, artificial light; during the day (and that be lightened during) the night through holophotes) , being so enlightened by the sun and by the roof of heaven, through a transparent plastic covering end also transparent ink ( transparent ink, when the images; will be reproduced) by means of photo-mechanical reproductions, in which the ink layers must be the thinnest and the varnish coloured if it is applied by hand, in thick coats) , remembering moving stained glass windows in a roller coaster.

The "panel" in which the images will be printed or painted ( figure 4, number 2) may be of plastic material ( transparent or translucent) , malleable ( a kind of a textured vinyl manta, coated with PVC and nylon, used nowadays in illuminated! advertisements or similar ones) , or of acrilyc material plasts or similar ones (translucent or transparent) .

The emplacement of the manta (covering) in the chassis of the illuminated advertisements will be done opening the frameworks (figures 5, 6 and 7, number 15) , unrolling the "film" ( figures 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, number 11) from a bobbin ( figure 7, number 14) , in the opening of the frameworks, from where it will be fixed in the chassis, toy means of "'velcro " ribbons ( figures 5, 6 and 7, number 16) , sticked in the chassis and in the manta

(covering) .

After the fixation, the frameworks are closed ( figures 5 end 6, number 17) and when they are braked ( figures 5 and 6, number 17) they will press the manta (covering) and the "velcro" ribbons preventing so that they be loosed with eventual abrupt air movements.

The illuminated advertisement illustration (figure 2 and 5, number 13) shows, amidst other things, its fixation on columns.

The lamina focus (figure 1, number 6), in this case, is right-angled (orthogonal) in relation to the image (figure 4, number 2). But, if being better for the means of transportation that the focus of vision angle in relation to the image from the windows be more restrict, for instance in trains only for sitting persons it will be adopted a more convenient focus vision angle in relation to the image.

The images picture to picture (figure 4, number 2) represent, as an example?, the sequency along a route nearby a subway station, which will give directions to the passenfers, as soon as they arrives to the surface.

All the proportions of the figures, are hypothetical, because what is being considered, as a petition of privilege for an

Invention Patent, is the framework formed by laminas focalized towards a point where would be situated an observer, and the appliances, in which it is employed sequentially (in lamp-shades, luminaries, pendant lamps or in tunnels, railways etc.).

The proportions still require tests, since there is not a situation which may be compared to the combination of the following factors:

Types of electric light lamps more adaptable: neon types?

Types of ligh t diffusers: acrilyc, wh ite painted di ffusers?

Translucent acrilyc diffusers. or similar ones? Vinyl covering or another translucent plastic covering? Or a transparent one?

And as to the local interior obfuscation? And as to the reflection from the windows and doors glasses of the train cars? Which printing technics? With which ink? For which velocity?

And. in relation to the epileptic persons, which frequently are ill-disposed because of luminous frequencies near to a tenth pert of a time second?

It will be possible that at a 1000 lux power, the panel will show each image sufficiently, at a speediness of a fiftieth of a time second?

It. shall be instaled on a "roller coaster" or in a "phantom train"?

The variable involved in such cases are numerous, finding a solution, and reaching' a prototype within a real scale, with high costs, without the risk that the project fall into public property.

With the holography development, it is possible to execute a "tridimensional reticle" (such as the laminas in focus), which would. reproduce the conditions created in the figure 1, number 5, making possible? that the separation between the laminas (figure 1, number 8) and the thickness of the same tend to zero, so becoming possible to reduce their width (figure 1, number 9) considerably.

With the optical fibers development, for instance, the light distribution) will ocur in a more homogeneous and economic way, within a very narrower space, making possible to install a projector inside locals as wide as a pizza of a, thin layer dough.

Claims

Claim

"Images Projector for Mowing Observers" It is constituted by a frameworks succession (number 1) on a bracket (number 13), hanging up by a fixed structure, equipped with hinges (number 21) and with opening limiting devices (number 20), being such frameworks, situated in the same plane, disposed side by side separated (number 10), parallelly to an observer moving axle (number 6), each one of the frameworks being characterized by having a plurality of vertical laminas (number 5), which are equidistant (number 8), directed to a focus (number 6), that Is the unique position from where the supposed observer would have total visual access to every illustration situated behind the laminas, illustrations (number 2) which receive natural or artificial light (number 12) proceeding from behind the screen (number 11) which contains the illustrations, while the observer dislocates himself parallelly to each framework, within the area comprised by the focal distance, seeing every illustration twinkling successively, as it occurs in a motion picture projector.