WO1994029414A1 - Stable aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants - Google Patents
Stable aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants Download PDFInfo
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- WO1994029414A1 WO1994029414A1 PCT/US1994/006118 US9406118W WO9429414A1 WO 1994029414 A1 WO1994029414 A1 WO 1994029414A1 US 9406118 W US9406118 W US 9406118W WO 9429414 A1 WO9429414 A1 WO 9429414A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3947—Liquid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/825—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3715—Polyesters or polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cleaning compositions. More particularly, the cleaning compositions according to the present invention are stable aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants.
- cleaning compositions have been described in the art.
- a particular type of cleaning compositions is described which are aqueous emulsions of a nonionic surfactant system.
- Such emulsions find a preferred application in the formulation of bleaching compositions comprising hydrogen peroxide or water soluble source thereof and a liquid hydrophobic bleach activator, or any other hydrophobic ingredient which needs to be separated from hydrogen peroxide.
- bleaching compositions comprising hydrogen peroxide or water soluble source thereof and a liquid hydrophobic bleach activator, or any other hydrophobic ingredient which needs to be separated from hydrogen peroxide.
- such emulsions can be used to formulate products which do not contain hydrogen peroxide.
- such emulsions can be useful because they allow to keep a given hydrophobic ingredient separate from the aqueous phase, with which said hydrophobic ingredient could react, e.g., by hydrolysis.
- Another advantage of such emulsions is that they provide a means to formulate ingredients with very low water solubility, without the need for using alcoholic or solvent mixtures, which are usually undesirable for aesthetic (odour) and toxicity reasons.
- aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants wherein the viscosity can be conveniently controlled while maintaining adequate physical stability. It has now been found that this object can be efficiently met by formulating aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants which comprise terephthalate-based polymers. In other words, it has now been found that terephthalate-based polymers reduce the viscosity of aqueous emulsions comprising a nonionic surfactant system whatever the viscosity was before the addition of said terephthalate-based polymers.
- the present invention allows for greater flexibility in formulating and provides stable aqueous emulsions suitable to be used in the most efficient manner by the consumer.
- terephthalate-based polymers are only known in the context of laundry compositions as soil release components, see for instance US- 4 116 885, US- 4 132 680, EP- 185 427, EP 220 156, EP 241 984, EP 241 985, EP 518 401 and European Patent Application EP 92870095.4.
- the present invention finds a preferred application in formulating aqueous activated bleaching emulsions and bleaching emulsions which comprise any hydrophobic liquid ingredient which needs to be kept separate from the hydrogen peroxide.
- aqueous activated bleaching emulsions and bleaching emulsions which comprise any hydrophobic liquid ingredient which needs to be kept separate from the hydrogen peroxide.
- terephthalate-based polymers according to the present invention to the nonionic surfactant system used to emulsify hydrophobic liquid ingredients as for instance bleach activators improves the storage stability of hydrogen peroxide.
- the present invention is a stable aqueous emulsion having a pH of from 0.5 to 6, comprising a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant and a hydrophobic nonionic surfactant, said stable aqueous emulsion further comprises a viscosity- reducing amount of terephthalate-based polymers.
- compositions according to the present invention are stable aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants.
- stable emulsion it is meant an emulsion which does not substantially separate into distinct layers, upon standing for at least two weeks at 50 °C.
- compositions according to the present invention are aqueous. Accordingly, the compositions according to the present invention comprise from 10% to 95% by weight of the total composition of water, preferably from 30% to 90%, most preferably from 60% to 80%. Deionized water is preferably used.
- compositions according to the present invention are emulsions of nonionic surfactants.
- Said emulsions of nonionic surfactants comprise at least two nonionic surfactants.
- Said two nonionic surfactants in order to form emulsions which are stable must have different HLB values (hydrophilic lipophilic balance), and preferably the difference in value of the HLBs of said two surfactants is at least 1 , preferably at least 3.
- nonionic surfactant used herein is a nonionic surfactant with an HLB above 11 (herein referred to as hydrophilic nonionic surfactant), whereas the other one is a nonionic surfactant with an HLB below 10 (herein referred to as hydrophobic nonionic surfactant).
- Suitable nonionic surfactants for use herein include alkoxylated fatty alcohols. Indeed, a great variety of such alkoxylated fatty alcohols are commercially available which have very different HLB values (hydrophilic lipophilic balance).
- the HLB values of such alkoxylated nonionic surfactants depend essentially on the chain length of the fatty alcohol, the nature of the alkoxylation and the degree of alkoxylation. Hydrophilic nonionic surfactants tend to have a high degree of alkoxylation and a short chain fatty alcohol, while hydrophobic surfactants tend to have a low degree of alkoxylation and a long chain fatty alcohol.
- Surfactants catalogs are available which list a number of surfactants including nonionics, together with their respective HLB values.
- compositions according to the present invention comprise from 2 % to 50 % by weight of the total composition of said hydrophilic and hydrophobic nonionic surfactants, preferably from 5 % to 40 %, most preferably from 8 % to 30 %.
- compositions according to the present invention may further comprise other nonionic surfactants which should however not significantly alter the weighted average HLB value of the overall composition.
- compositions according to the present invention further comprise as an essential element a viscosity reducing amount of terephthalate-based polymers.
- viscosity reducing amount it is meant an amount of terephthalate-based polymers which is sufficient to provide physically stable aqueous emulsions wherein the viscosity can be conveniently controlled.
- the compositions according to the present invention comprise from 0.05 % to 5, % by weight of the total composition of said terephthalate-based polymers, preferably from 0.1 % to 2 %.
- Said terephthalate-based polymers reduce the viscosity of aqueous emulsions herein whatever the viscosity was before the addition of said terephthalate-based polymers, while maintaining also physical stability.
- Preferred compositions obtained according to the present invention have a viscosity of from 100 cps to 3000 cps at 50 rpm shear rate at 25°C, more preferably from 300 cps to 1500 cps, measured with a Brookfield DV II rotational viscosimeter.
- Terephthalate-based polymers have been extensively described in the art as soil release agents, see for instance US- 4 116 885, US- 4 132 680, EP- 185 427, EP 220 156, EP 241 984, EP 241 985, EP 518 401 and European Patent Application EP 92870095.4. All polymers disclosed therein are suitable in the context of the present invention. More specifically, suitable polymers for use herein are according to the formula
- the linking A moieties are essentially or moieties, i.e. the compounds of the present invention are polyesters.
- the term "the A moieties are essential ly or moieties” refers to compounds where the A moieties consist entirely of moieties or or are partially substituted with linking moieties such as or
- linking moieties A consist entirely of (i.e., comprise 100 ⁇ ) moieties or , i.e., each A is either or
- the R moieties are essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties.
- the term "the R moieties are essentially 1,4- phenylene moieties” refers to compounds where the R moieties consist entirely of 1,4-phenylene moieties, or are partially substituted with other arylene or alkarylene moieties, alkylene moieties, alkenylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.
- Arylene and alkarylene moieties which can be partially substituted for 1,4- phenylene include 1,3-phenylene, 1,2-phenylene, 1,8-naphthylene, 1,4-naphthylene, 2,2-biphenylene, 4,4'-biphenylene and mixtures thereof.
- Alkylene and alkenylene moieties which can be partially substituted include ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexamethylene, 1,7-heptamethylene, 1,8-octamethylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, and mixtures thereof.
- the degree of partial substitution with moieties other than 1,4-phenylene should be such that the soil release properties of the compound are not adversely affected to any great extent.
- the degree of partial substitution which can be tolerated will depend upon the backbone length of the compound, i.e., longer backbones can have greater partial substitution for 1,4-phenylene moieties.
- compounds where the R 1 comprise from about 50 to 100% 1,4-phenylene moieties (from 0 to about 50 ⁇ moieties other than 1,4-phenylene) have adequate sou release activity.
- polyesters made according to the present invention with a 40:60 mole ratio of isophthalic (1,3-phenylene) to terephthalic (1,4-phenylene) add have adequate soil release activity.
- the R 1 moieties consist entirely of (i.e., comprise 100%) 1,4-phenylene moieties, i.e. each R 1 moiety is 1,4-phenylene.
- the R 2 moieties are essentially ethylene moieties, or substituted ethylene moieties having C 1 -C 4 alkyl or alkoxy substitutents.
- the term "the R 2 moieties are essentially ethylene moieties, or substituted ethylene moieties having C 1 -C 4 alkyl or alkoxy substltuents" refers to compounds of the present invention where the R 2 moieties consist entirely of ethylene, or substituted ethylene moieties, or are partially substituted with other compatible moieties.
- moieties examples include linear C 3 -C 6 alkylene moieties such as 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene or 1,6-hexamethylene, 1,2-cycloalkylene moieties such as 1,2-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cycloalkylene moieties such as 1,4-cyclohexylene and 1,4-dimethylenecyclohexylene, polyoxyalkylated 1,2-hydroxyalkylenes such as
- the degree of partial substitution with these other moieties should be such that the soil release properties of the compounds are not adversely affected to any great extent.
- the degree of partial substitution which can be tolerated will depend upon the backbone length of the compound, i.e., longer backbones can have greater partial substitution.
- compounds where the R 2 comprise from about 20 to 100% ethylene, or substituted ethylene moieties (from 0 to about 80% other compatible moieties) have adequate soil release activity.
- polyesters made according to the present invention with a 75:25 mole ratio of diethylene glycol (-CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -) to ethylene glycol (ethylene) have adequate soil release activity.
- R 2 comprises from about 80 to 100% ethylene, or substituted ethylene moieties, and from 0 to about 20% other compatible moieties.
- suitable ethylene or substituted ethylene moieties include ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene,
- R 2 moieties are essentially ethylene moieties
- 1,2-propylene moieties or mixtures thereof Inclusion of a greater percentage of ethylene moieties tends to improve the soil release activity of the compounds. Surprisingly, inclusion of a greater percentage of 1,2-propylene moieties tends to Improve the water solubility of the compounds.
- suitable substituted C 2 -C 18 hydrocarbylene moieties can include substituted C 2 -C 12 alkylene, alkenylene, arylene, alkarylene and like moieties.
- the substituted alkylene or alkenylene moieties can be linear, branched, or cyclic.
- the R 3 moieties can be all the same (e.g. all substituted arylene) or a mixture (e.g. a mixture of substituted arylenes and substituted alkylenes).
- Preferred R 3 moieties are those which are substituted 1,3-phenylene moieties.
- the substituted R 3 moieties preferably have only one - SO 3 M, -COOM, -O ⁇ (R 5 O) m (CH(Y)CH 2 O) n ⁇ X or
- M can be H or any compatible water-soluble cation. Suitable water soluble cations include the water soluble alkali metals such as potassium (K + ) and especially sodium (Na + ), as well as ammonium (NH 4 + ). Also suitable are substituted ammonium cations having the formula:
- R 1 and R 2 are each a C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl group (e.g. alkyl, hydroxyalkyl) or together form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g. piperidine, morpholine);
- R 3 is a C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl group; and
- R 4 is H (ammonium) or a C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl group (quat amine).
- Typical substituted ammonium cationic groups are those where R 4 is H (ammonium) or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, especially methyl (quat amine);
- R 1 is C 10 -C 18 alkyl, especially
- R 2 and R 3 are each C 1 -C 4 alkyl, especially methyl.
- R 3 moieties having -A ⁇ (R 2 -A-R 4 -A) ⁇ w R 2 -A moieties provide crossl inked backbone compounds. Indeed, syntheses used to make the branched backbone compounds typically provide at least some crossl inked backbone compounds.
- the moieties -(R 5 O)- and -(CH(Y)CH 2 O)- of the moieties ⁇ (R 5 O) m (CH(Y)CH 2 O) n ⁇ and ⁇ (OCH(Y)CH 2 ) n (OR 5 ) m ⁇ can be mixed together or preferably form blocks of -(R 5 O)- and -(CH(Y)CH 2 O)-moieties.
- the blocks of -(R 5 O)- moieties are located next to the backbone of the compound.
- m is 1; also, the moiety -R 2 -A-R 6 - is preferably located next to the backbone of the compound.
- the preferred C 3 -C 4 alkylene is C 3 H 6 (propylene); when R 5 is C 3 -C 4 alkylene, m is preferably from 0 to about 5 and is most preferably O.
- R 2 is preferably methylene or 1,4-phenylene.
- the moiety -(CH(Y)CH 2 O)- preferably comprises at least about 75% by weight of the moiety 4-(R 5 O) m (CH(Y)CH 2 O) n ⁇ and most preferably 100% by weight (m is 0).
- the Y substituents of each moiety ⁇ (R 5 O) m (CH(Y)CH 2 O) n ⁇ are the ether moiety -CH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) p O-X, or are, more typically, a mixture of this ether moiety and H; p can range from 0 to 100, but is typically 0.
- moiety -(CH(Y)CH 2 0) n - can be represented by the following moiety:
- n 1 is at least 1 and the sum of n 1 + n 2 is the value for n.
- n 1 has an average value of from about 1 to about 10.
- X can be H, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or , wherein R 7 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
- X is preferably methyl or ethyl, and most preferably methyl.
- the value for each n is at least about 6, but is preferably at least about
- n is in the range of from about 12 to about 43.
- the maximum value for u + v is generally determined by the process by which the compound is made, but can range up to about 25, i.e. the compounds of the present invention are oligomers or low molecular weight polymers.
- polyesters used in fiber making typically have a much higher molecular weight, e.g. have from about 50 to about 250 ethylene terephthalate units.
- the sum of u + v ranges from about 3 to about 10 for the compounds of the present invention.
- the value for w is typically at least 1 and is determined by the process by which the compound is made.
- the value for u + v + w is from about 3 to about 25.
- Preferred compounds in this class of polymers are block polyesters having the formula:
- R 1 moieties are all 1,4-phenylene moieties; the R moieties are essentially ethylene moieties, 1,2-propylene moieties or mixtures thereof; the R 3 moieties are all potassium or preferrably sodium 5-sulfo-1,3-phenylene moieties or substituted
- R 4 moieties are R 1 or R 3 moieties, or mixtures thereof; each X is ethyl or preferably methyl; each n 1 is from 1 to about 5; the sum of each n 1 + n 2 is from about 12 to about 43; when w is 0, u + v is from about 3 to about 10; when w is at least
- u + v + w is from about 3 to about 10.
- Particularly preferred block polyesters are those where v is
- u typically ranges from about 3 to about
- the moiety ⁇ (A-R 1 -A-R 2 ) u (A-R 1 -A-R 3 ) v ⁇ A-R 1 -A- forms the oligomer or polymer backbone of the compounds.
- Groups X ⁇ (OCH 2 CH(Y)) n (OR 4 ) m ⁇ and ⁇ (R 4 O) m (CH(Y)CH 2 O) n ⁇ X are generally connected at the ends of the oligomer/polymer backbone.
- the linking A moieties are essentially or moieties, i.e. the compounds of the present invention are polyesters.
- the term "the A moieties are essentially or moieties" refers to compounds where the A moieties consist entirely of moieties or , or are partially substituted with linking moieties such as or
- linking moieties A consist entirely of (i.e., comprise 100%) moieties or , i.e., each A is either or
- the R 1 moieties are essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties.
- the term "the R 1 moieties are essentially 1,4- phenylene moieties” refers to compounds where the R 1 moieties consist entirely of 1,4-phenylene moieties, or are partially substituted with other arylene or alkarylene moieties, alkylene moieties, alkenylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.
- Arylene and alkarylene moieties which can be partially substituted for 1,4- phenylene include 1,3-phenylene, 1,2-phenylene, 1,8-naphthylene, 1,4-naphthylene, 2,2-biphenylene, 4,4'-biphenylene and mixtures thereof.
- Alkylene and alkenylene moieties which can be partially substituted include ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexamethylene, 1,7-heptamethylene, 1,8-octamethylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, and mixtures thereof.
- arylene, alkarylene, alkylene and alkenylene moieties can be unsubstituted or can have at least one -SO 3 M,-COOM or -A-R 7 ⁇ A-R 1 -A-R 7 -O ⁇ w X substituent or at least one moiety
- R 7 is the moiety R 2 or R 3 ; and w is 0 or at least 1.
- these substituted R 1 moieties have only one -SO 3 M, -COOM or -A-R 7 ⁇ -R 1 -A-R 7 -O ⁇ w X substituent.
- M can be H or any compatible water-soluble cation. Suitable water-soluble cations include the water-soluble alkali metals such as potassium (K + ) and especially sodium (Na + ), as well as ammonium (NH 4 + ). Also suitable are substituted ammonium cations having the formula:
- R 1 and R 2 are each a C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl group (e.g. alkyl, hydroxyalkyl) or together form a cyclic or heterocyclic ring of from 4 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g. piperidine, morpholine); R 3 is a
- R 4 is H (ammonium) or a C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl group (quat amine).
- Typical substituted ammonium cationic groups are those where R 4 is H (ammonium) or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, especially methyl (quat amine); R 1 is C 10 -C 18 alkyl, especially
- R 2 and R 3 are each C 1 -C 4 alkyl, especially methyl.
- the R 1 moieties having -A-R 7 ⁇ A-R 1 -A-R 7 -O ⁇ w X substituents provide branched backbone compounds.
- the R moieties having -A-R 7 ⁇ A-R 1 -A-R 7 ⁇ w -A- moieties provide cross-linked backbone compounds. Indeed, syntheses used to make the branched backbone compounds typically provide at least some cross-linked backbone compounds.
- the degree of partial substitution with moieties other than 1,4-phenylene should be such that the soil release properties of the compound are not adversely affected to any great extent.
- the degree of partial substitution which can be tolerated will depend upon the backbone length of the compound, i.e., longer backbones can have greater partial substitution for 1,4-phenylene moieties.
- compounds where the R 1 comprise from about 50 to 100% 1,4-phenylene moieties (from 0 to about 50% moieties other than 1,4-phenylene) have adequate soil release activity.
- the R 1 moieties consist entirely of (i.e., comprise 100%) 1,4-phenylene moieties, i.e. each R 1 moiety is 1,4-phenylene.
- the R 2 moieties are essentially substituted ethylene moieties having C 1 -C 4 alkyl or alkoxy substitutents.
- the term "the R 2 moieties are essentially substituted ethylene moieties having C 1 -C 4 alkyl or alkoxy substituents” refers to compounds of the present invention where the R 2 moieties consist entirely of substituted ethylene moieties, or are partially replaced with other compatible moieties.
- moieties examples include linear C 2 -C 6 alkylene moieties such as ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1,5-pentylene or 1,6-hexamethylene, 1,2-cycloalkylene moieties such as 1,2-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cycloalkylene moieties such as 1,4-cyclohexylene and 1,4-dimethylene-cyclohexylene, polyoxyalkylated 1,2-hydroxyalkylenes such as , and oxyalkylene moieties such as
- the degree of partial replacement with these other moieties should be such that the soil release and solubility properties of the compounds are not adversely affected to any great extent.
- the degree of partial replacement which can be tolerated will depend upon the soil release and solubility properties desired, the backbone length of the compound, (i.e., longer backbones generally can have greater partial replacement), and the type of moiety involved (e.g., greater partial substitution with ethylene moieties generally decreases solubility).
- compounds where the R 2 coryrise from about 20 to 100% substituted ethylene moieties (from 0 to about 80% other compatible moieties) have adequate soil release activity. However, it is generally desirable to minimize such partial replacement for best soil release activity and solubility properties.
- R 2 comprises from about 80 to 100% substituted ethylene moieties, and from 0 to about 20% other compatible moieties.
- suitable substituted ethylene moieties include
- R 2 moieties are essentially 1,2-propylene moieties.
- the R 3 moieties are essentially the polyoxyethylene moiety -(CH 2 CH 2 O) q -CH 2 CH 2 -.
- the term "the R 3 moieties are essentially the polyoxyethylene moiety -(CH 2 CH 2 O) q -H 2 CH 2 -” refers to compounds of the present invention in which the R 3 moieties consist entirely of this polyoxyethylene moiety, or further include other compatible moieties. Examples of these other moieties induce C 3 -C 6 oxyalkylene moieties such as oxypropylene and oxybutylene, polyoxyalkylene moieties such as polyoxypropylene and polyoxybutylene, and polyoxyalkylated 1,2-hydroxyalkylene oxides such as
- the degree of inclusion of these other moieties should be such that the soil release properties of the compounds are not adversely affected to any great extent.
- the polyoxyethylene moiety comprises from about 50 to 100% of each R 3 moiety.
- thee polyoxyethylene moiety comprises from about 90 to 100% of each R 3 moiety.
- the value for q is at least about 9, and is preferably at least about 12.
- the value for q usually ranges from about 12 to about 180.
- the value for q is in the range of from about 12 to about 90.
- the moieties -(R 4 O)- and -(CH(Y)CH 2 O)- of the moieties ⁇ (R 4 O) m (CH(Y)CH 2 O) n ⁇ and ⁇ (OCH(Y)CH 2 ) n (OR 4 ) m ⁇ can be mixed together or preferably form blocks of -(R 4 O)- and -(CH(Y)CH 2 O)-moieties.
- the blocks of -(R 4 O)- moieties are located next to the backbone of the compound.
- m is 1; also, the moiety -R 2 -A-R 5 - is preferably located next to the backbone of the compound.
- the preferred C 3 -C 4 alkylene is C 3 H 6 (propylene); when R 4 is C 3 -C 4 alkylene, m is preferably from 0 to about 10 and is most preferably 0.
- R 5 is preferably methylene or 1,4-phenylene.
- the moiety -(CH(Y)CH 2 O)- preferably comprises at least about 75% by weight of the moiety ⁇ (R 4 O) m (CH(Y)CH 2 O) n ⁇ and most preferably
- each moiety [(R 5 O) m (CH(Y)CH 2 O) n ] are H, the ether moiety -CH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) p O-X, or a mixture of this ether moiety and H; p can range from 0 to 100, but is typically 0.
- the Y substituents are all H.
- the moiety -(CH(Y)CH 2 O) n - can be represented by the following moiety:
- n 1 is at least 1 and the sum of n 1 + n 2 is the value for n.
- n 1 has an average value of from about 1 to about 10.
- X can be H, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or , wherein R 7 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
- X is preferably methyl or ethyl, and most preferably methyl.
- the value for each n is at least about 6, but is preferably at least about 10.
- the value for each n usually ranges from about 12 to about 113. Typically, the value for each n is in the range of from about 12 to about 45.
- the average value of u can range from about 2 to about 50; the average value of v can range from about 1 to about 20; and the average value of u + v can range from about 3 to about 70.
- the average values for u, v and u + v are generally determined by the process by which the compound is made. Generally, the larger the average value for v or the smaller the average value for u + v, the more soluble is the compound.
- the average value for u is from about 5 to about 20; the average value for v is from about 1 to about 10; and the average value for u + v is from about 6 to about 30.
- the ratio of u to v is at least about 1 and is typically from about 1 to about 6.
- Dolymers for use herein are polymers of the formula :
- X can be any suitable capping group, with each X being selected from the group consisting of H, and alkyl or acyl groups containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms, most preferably alkyl.
- n is selected for water solubility and is a range of values which generally averages from about 10 to about 50. preferably from about 10 to about 25.
- the selection of u is critical to formulation in a liquid detergent having a relatively high ionic strength. There should be very little material, preferably less than about 10 mo! %, more preferably less than 5 mol %, most preferably less than 1 mol %. in which u is greater than 5. Furthermore there should be at least 20 mol %, preferably at least 40 mol %, of material in which u ranges from 3 to 5.
- the R 1 moieties are essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties.
- the term "the R 1 moieties are essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties” refers to compounds where the R 1 moieties consist entirely of 1,4-phenylene moieties, or are partially substituted with other arylene or alkarylene moieties, alkylene moieties, alkenylene moieties, or mixtures thereof.
- Arylene and alkarylene moieties which can be partially substituted for 1,4-phenylene include 1,3-phenylene, 1,2-phenylene,
- Alkylene and alkenylene moieties which can be partially substituted include ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,4-butylene, 1 ,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexamethylene, 1,7-heptamethylene, 1,8-octamethylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, and mixtures thereof.
- R 1 moieties the degree of partial substitution with moieties other than 1 ,4-phenylene should be such that the soil release properties of the compound are not adversely affected to any great extent. Generally , the degree of partial substitution which can be tolerated will depend upon the backbone length of the compound , i .e.
- longer backbones can have greater partial substitution for 1 , 4-phenylene moieties.
- compounds where the R 1 comprise from about 50% to 100% 1 ,4-phenylene moieties (from 0 to about 50% moieties other than 1 ,4-phenylene) have adequate soil release activity.
- polyesters made according to the present invention with a 40:60 mole ratio of isophthalic (1 ,3-phenylene) to terephthalic ( 1 ,4- ⁇ henylene) acid have adequate soil release activity.
- the R 1 moieties consist entirely of (i.e. . comprise 100%) 1 ,4-phenylene moieties, i.e. each R 1 moiety is 1 ,4-phenylene.
- suitable ethylene or substituted ethylene moieties include ethylene, 1 ,2-propylene, 1 ,2-butylene , 1 , 2-hexylene , 3-methoxy-1 ,2-propylene and mixtures thereof.
- the R 2 moieties are essentially ethylene moieties , or , preferably , 1 , 2-propylene moieties or mixtures thereof.
- R 2 moieties are 1 , 2-propylene moieties.
- soil release components which are soluble in cool ( 15°C) ethanol are also useful in compositions of the invention.
- n averages at least about 10, but a distribution of n values is present.
- the value for each n usually ranges from about 10 to about 50.
- the value for each n averages in the range of from about 10 to about 25.
- a preferred process for making the soil release component comprises the step of extracting a polymer having a typical distribution in which a substantial portion comprises a material in which u is equal to or greater than 6 with essentially anhydrous ethanol at low temperatures, e.g. from about 10°C to about 15°C, preferably less than about 13°C.
- the ethanol soluble fraction is substantially free of the longer polymers and is much easier to incorporate into isotropic heavy duty liquids , especially those with higher builder levels.
- the polymers wherein u is less than about 3 are essentially of no value in providing soil release effects, they can be more easily incorporated than higher u values.
- a more preferred process for making the soil release component is by direct synthesis.
- X is methyl, n is 16, R 1 is 1 ,4-phenylene moiety, R 2 is 1 ,2-propylene moiety and u is essentially between 3 and 5.
- Suitable terephthalate-based polymers for use herein are commercially available from various companies including for instance Hoechst.
- An example of said terephthalate-based polymers for use herein is HOES R 3639 (Hoechst).
- compositions according to the present invention in an acidic pH range contributes to the stability of the composition.
- the compositions of the present invention have a pH as is of from 0.5 to 6, preferably of from 1 to 5.
- the pH of the composition can be trimmed by all means available to the man skilled in the art.
- compositions according to the present invention comprise hydrogen peroxide or a water-soluble source thereof.
- Suitable water-soluble sources of hydrogen peroxide include perborate, percarbonate, persilicate and persulphate salts.
- Hydrogen peroxide is most preferred to be used in the compositions according to the present invention.
- the compositions according to the present invention comprise from 0.5% to 20% by weight of the total composition of hydrogen peroxide, preferably from 2% to 15%, most preferably from 3% to 10%.
- compositions according to the present invention further comprise a bleach activator.
- bleach activator it is meant herein any compound which reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form a peracid.
- hydrophobic bleach activators typically belong to the class of esters, amides, imides, or anhydrides.
- a particular family of bleach activators of interest in the present invention were disclosed in applicant's co-pending European patent application No 91870207.7. Particularly preferred in that family is acetyl triethyl citrate which was also disclosed in the context of bar soaps in FR 2 362 210.
- Acetyl triethyl citrate has the advantages that it is environmentally friendly as it eventually degrades into citric acid and alcohol.
- acetyl triethyl citrate has a good hydrolytical stability in the product upon storage and it is an efficient bleach activator.
- the term bleach activator includes mixtures of bleach activators.
- the nonionic surfactant system to be chosen to emulsify said bleach activator depends on the HLB value of said bleach activator. Accordingly, a suitable way to proceed is to determine the HLB value of the hydrophobic liquid ingredient (bleach activator), then select both the hydrophobic nonionic surfactants which have HLB values below said HLB value of said hydrophobic liquid ingredient and the hydrophilic nonionic surfactants which have HLB values above said HLB value of said hydrophobic liquid ingredient, wherein the difference in the HLB values of said hydrophobic and hydrophilic nonionic surfactants is preferably at least 3.
- the emulsifying system meets the equation: where X refers to the hydrophobic liquid ingredient to emulsify, A refers to one of said nonionic surfactants (hydrophilic or hydrophobic), and B refers to the other said nonionic surfactant (hydrophilic or hydrophobic).
- an adequate nonionic surfactant system would comprise a hydrophobic nonionic surfactant with an HLB from 1 to 10, and a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant with an HLB of above 11.
- a particularly suitable system comprises a hydrophobic nonionic surfactant with an HLB of 6, for instance a Dobanol R 23-2 and a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant with an HLB of 15, for instance a Dobanol R 91-10.
- Another suitable nonionic surfactant system comprises a Dobanol R 23-6.5 (HLB about 12) and a Dobanol R 23 (HLB below 6). All these Dobanol R surfactants are commercially available from Shell.
- compositions according to the present invention are free of other surfactant types, especially anionic surfactants.
- compositions according to the present invention may further comprise the usual optional ingredients such as perfumes, dyes, optical brighteners, builders and chelants, pigments, enzymes, dye transfer inhibitors, solvents, buffering agents and the like.
- compositions according to the present invention are particularly useful as laundry pretreaters, i.e compositions which are dispensed and left to act onto fabrics before they are washed, or as laundry additives to be used together with detergents to boost their performance, or as dishwashing compositions to be used either in the dishwashing machines or by hand, or as hard surface cleaners, or as carpet cleaners to be used either by direct application onto the carpets or as detergent for carpet cleaning machines or also alone without detergents.
- the compositions according to the present invention are also particularly suited to be used for delicate items.
- the present invention further encompasses a process for the manufacture of the composition described herein.
- the process according to the present invention comprises at least three steps:
- a hydrophobic mixture which comprises said hydrophobic nonionic surfactant and the terehpthalate-based polymers with other hydrophobic ingredients which are to be formulated in the composition, such as perfumes, solvents, enzymes, bleach activators and polymers.
- a hydrophilic mixture which comprises at least said water, and said hydrophilic nonionic surfactant.
- Said hydrophilic mixture preferably further comprises other hydrophilic ingredients which are to be formulated in the composition such as dyes, optical brighteners, builders, chelants, hydrogen peroxide and buffering agents.
- hydrogen peroxide when present is preferably added last, after said buffering agent has been added.
- first and said second steps can be performed in any order, i.e second step first is also suitable.
- said hydrophobic mixture and said hydrophilic mixture are mixed together.
- compositions are made which comprise the listed ingredients in the listed proportions (weight %).
- Composition V 664 cps at 50 rpm
- Composition I 360 cps at 50 rpm
- Composition V 580 cps at 60 rpm
- Composition II 450 cps at 60 rpm
- Composition III 380 cps at 60 rpm
- Composition IV 280 cps at 60 rpm
- compositions I to V are each made by preparing two mixtures.
- a hydrophilic mixture is prepared which comprises the water, the brightener, S,S-EDDS, poly(4-vinylpyridine-N-oxide), the Dobanol R 45-7 and the Dobanol R 91-10. Hydrogen peroxide is added in said hydrophilic mixture as last step.
- a hydrophobic mixture is prepared which comprises the acetyl triethyl citrate, the Dobanol R 23-2 and Hoes R 3639.
- hydrophobic mixture is poured into said hydrophilic mixture, while mixing.
- compositions I to IV which comprise a terephthalate-based polymer have lower viscosities than the composition V which is free of any terephthalate-based polymers.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9406811A BR9406811A (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1994-05-31 | Stable aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants |
AU72028/94A AU695213B2 (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1994-05-31 | Stable aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants |
RU96100051A RU2132366C1 (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1994-05-31 | Stable aqueous cleansing emulsion and detergent containing it |
JP7501894A JPH09500154A (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1994-05-31 | Nonionic surfactant stable aqueous emulsion |
PL94311879A PL311879A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1994-05-31 | Stable aquoeus emulsions of non-ionic surfactsnts |
NZ268724A NZ268724A (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1994-05-31 | Stable aqueous detergent composition; nonionic surfactant and terephthalate-based polymer |
KR1019950705654A KR960703162A (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1994-05-31 | Stable aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93870104A EP0629690B1 (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1993-06-09 | Stable aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants |
EP93870104.2 | 1993-06-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994029414A1 true WO1994029414A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
Family
ID=8215351
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1994/006118 WO1994029414A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 | 1994-05-31 | Stable aqueous emulsions of nonionic surfactants |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0629690B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH09500154A (en) |
KR (1) | KR960703162A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1127520A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE186324T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU695213B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9406811A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2164820A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69326941T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0629690T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2137245T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3031749T3 (en) |
MA (1) | MA23219A1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ268724A (en) |
PL (1) | PL311879A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT629690E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2132366C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994029414A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69322744T2 (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1999-07-22 | Procter & Gamble | Stable, nonionic surfactant emulsions that contain viscosity control agents |
US5902354A (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1999-05-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Bleaching compositions |
US5929012A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1999-07-27 | Procter & Gamble Company | Laundry pretreatment with peroxide bleaches containing chelators for iron, copper or manganese for reduced fabric damage |
ATE230042T1 (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 2003-01-15 | Procter & Gamble | LAUNDRY PRETREATMENT WITH PEROXY BLEACHES CONTAINING COMPLEX FORMERS FOR IRON, COPPER OR MANGANEOUS FOR REDUCED FABRIC DAMAGE |
US5759439A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-06-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Peroxygen bleaching compositions comprising peroxygen bleach and a fabric protection agent suitable for use as a pretreater for fabrics |
US5905065A (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1999-05-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Carpet cleaning compositions and method for cleaning carpets |
US6828290B1 (en) | 1996-05-03 | 2004-12-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hard surface cleaning compositions |
DE19620094A1 (en) * | 1996-05-18 | 1997-11-20 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Use of soil release polymers in detergents and cleaning agents |
DE19635070A1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Clariant Gmbh | Liquid bleach suspension |
CN1402745A (en) * | 1999-11-29 | 2003-03-12 | 罗狄亚公司 | Composition for cleaning carpets, curtains and covering fabrics and/or for facilitating removal of stains and dirt therefrom |
JP2002201498A (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-07-19 | Clariant Internatl Ltd | Lime soap dispersing agent, detergent composition and cleaning agent composition each containing it |
DE102005034752A1 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2007-01-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Cleaning and care products with improved emulsifying ability |
ES2581934T3 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2016-09-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for measuring the dirt removal capacity of a cleaning product |
ES2548772T3 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2015-10-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dishwasher product and use of the same |
ES2399311T5 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2020-06-19 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition |
WO2011144699A1 (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-24 | Dequest Ag | Cleaning composition with improved stain removal |
EP2670786B1 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2015-09-30 | Unilever PLC | Soil release polymers |
WO2012104157A1 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-09 | Unilever Plc | Soil release polymers |
WO2012104156A1 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-09 | Unilever Plc | Soil release polymers |
DE102012204270A1 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2013-09-19 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Liquid detergent with increased cleaning performance |
Citations (6)
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US4116885A (en) * | 1977-09-23 | 1978-09-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Anionic surfactant-containing detergent compositions having soil-release properties |
US4132680A (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1979-01-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions having soil release properties |
US4411831A (en) * | 1981-12-02 | 1983-10-25 | Purex Industries, Inc. | Stable liquid anionic detergent compositions having soil, release properties |
US4751008A (en) * | 1983-10-05 | 1988-06-14 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Stable soil release promoting liquid detergent containing fabric softener and enzymes |
US4759876A (en) * | 1985-03-19 | 1988-07-26 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Stable soil release promoting enzymatic liquid detergent composition |
US5154850A (en) * | 1989-07-18 | 1992-10-13 | Kao Corporation | Neutral liquid detergent composition |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4648987A (en) * | 1985-02-13 | 1987-03-10 | The Clorox Company | Thickened aqueous prewash composition |
EP0199403B1 (en) * | 1985-04-15 | 1993-12-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stable liquid detergent compositions |
US4713194A (en) * | 1986-04-15 | 1987-12-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Block polyester and like compounds having branched hydrophilic capping groups useful as soil release agents in detergent compositions |
-
1993
- 1993-06-09 ES ES93870104T patent/ES2137245T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-09 PT PT93870104T patent/PT629690E/en unknown
- 1993-06-09 AT AT93870104T patent/ATE186324T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-09 DK DK93870104T patent/DK0629690T3/en active
- 1993-06-09 DE DE69326941T patent/DE69326941T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-09 EP EP93870104A patent/EP0629690B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-05-31 RU RU96100051A patent/RU2132366C1/en active
- 1994-05-31 KR KR1019950705654A patent/KR960703162A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-05-31 WO PCT/US1994/006118 patent/WO1994029414A1/en active Application Filing
- 1994-05-31 JP JP7501894A patent/JPH09500154A/en active Pending
- 1994-05-31 CA CA002164820A patent/CA2164820A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-05-31 BR BR9406811A patent/BR9406811A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-05-31 CN CN94192821A patent/CN1127520A/en active Pending
- 1994-05-31 PL PL94311879A patent/PL311879A1/en unknown
- 1994-05-31 NZ NZ268724A patent/NZ268724A/en unknown
- 1994-05-31 AU AU72028/94A patent/AU695213B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-06-08 MA MA23532A patent/MA23219A1/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-11-04 GR GR990402599T patent/GR3031749T3/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4132680A (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1979-01-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions having soil release properties |
US4116885A (en) * | 1977-09-23 | 1978-09-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Anionic surfactant-containing detergent compositions having soil-release properties |
US4411831A (en) * | 1981-12-02 | 1983-10-25 | Purex Industries, Inc. | Stable liquid anionic detergent compositions having soil, release properties |
US4751008A (en) * | 1983-10-05 | 1988-06-14 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Stable soil release promoting liquid detergent containing fabric softener and enzymes |
US4759876A (en) * | 1985-03-19 | 1988-07-26 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Stable soil release promoting enzymatic liquid detergent composition |
US5154850A (en) * | 1989-07-18 | 1992-10-13 | Kao Corporation | Neutral liquid detergent composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9406811A (en) | 1996-07-23 |
RU2132366C1 (en) | 1999-06-27 |
NZ268724A (en) | 1997-12-19 |
MA23219A1 (en) | 1994-12-31 |
GR3031749T3 (en) | 2000-02-29 |
DK0629690T3 (en) | 2000-04-10 |
PL311879A1 (en) | 1996-03-18 |
KR960703162A (en) | 1996-06-19 |
ES2137245T3 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
EP0629690A1 (en) | 1994-12-21 |
DE69326941D1 (en) | 1999-12-09 |
PT629690E (en) | 2000-04-28 |
AU695213B2 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
AU7202894A (en) | 1995-01-03 |
CA2164820A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
JPH09500154A (en) | 1997-01-07 |
EP0629690B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 |
CN1127520A (en) | 1996-07-24 |
DE69326941T2 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
ATE186324T1 (en) | 1999-11-15 |
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