Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3945—Organic per-compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
  • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
  • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
  • C11D3/38627—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing lipase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
  • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
  • C11D3/38645—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing cellulase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
  • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
  • C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/3917—Nitrogen-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
  • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
  • C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/3917—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C11D3/392—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. cyclic imides or lactames

Definitions

• the present invention relates to laundry detergents and methods which employ one or more types of detersive enzymes and a bleaching system with one or more bleach activators.
• peroxygen bleaches are effective for stain and/or soil removal from fabrics, but that such bleaches are temperature dependent. At a laundry liquor temperature of 60°C, peroxygen bleaches are only partially effective. As the laundry liquor temperature is lowered below 60°C, peroxygen bleaches become relatively ineffective. As a consequence, there has been a substantial amount of industrial research to develop bleaching systems which contain an activator that renders peroxygen bleaches effective at laundry liquor temperatures below 60°C.
• TAED tetraacetyl ethylene diamine
• NOBS nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate
• activators which generally comprise long chain alkyl moieties
• Another problem in developing an all-around cleaning composition has been finding a cleaning agent that is effective under heavy soil load conditions.
• the removal of heavy soil levels, especially nucleophilic and body soils, has proven especially difficult for conventional bleaching systems.
• conventional activators such as NOBS appear to interact with, and be destroyed by, heavy soil loads before they can optimally provide their intended bleaching function.
• Still another problem has been the stability of enzymes, especially Upases and proteases, in the presence of bleaches.
• the detergent composition should provide effective cleaning performance without substantially damaging natural rubber machine parts.
• the compositions should provide both bleaching performance and enzyme cleaning performance.
• DAP diacylperoxide
• the class of hydrophobic bleach activators derived from amido acids forms hydrophobic amido peracids upon perhydrolysis without the production of harmful, oily DAP's.
• the DAP's produced by the perhydrolysis reaction of the amido acid-derived bleach activators used herein are insoluble crystalline solids. The solids do not form a coating film; therefore, the natural rubber parts are not exposed to the DAP's for extended periods of time and remain substantially undamaged.
• the present invention solves the long-standing need for detergent compositions which provide efficient and effective performance over a wide range of cleaning needs by combining the cleaning actions of enzymes with the hydrophobic cleaning action of amido derived bleach activators or with the hydrophobic and hydrophilic cleaning action of N-acyl caprolactam bleach activators.
• the invention also provides efficient and effective detergent compositions for use in washing machines which have parts made of natural rubber, such that the natural rubber is substantially undamaged by the bleaching system.
• the invention herein provides cleaning compositions and methods which are safe for use in contact with natural rubber, and which provide not only bleach performance, but also good detersive enzyme stability and performance.
• the present invention encompasses detergent compositions comprising an effective amount of one or more types of enzymes and a bleaching system comprising at least about 0.1%, by weight, of a peroxygen bleaching compound and at least about 0.1%, by weight, of one or more bleach activators, wherein said bleach activators are members selected from the group consisting of: a) a bleach activator of the general formula:
• R 5 R5 or mixtures thereof, wherein R is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, R is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, R is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is a leaving group; b) benzoxazin-type bleach activators of the general formula:
• R is H, alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, arylalkyl, and wherein R ⁇ R-,
• R 4 , and R 5 may be the same or different substituents selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkylamino, COOR 6 (wherein R 6 is H or an alkyl group) and carbonyl functions; c) N-acyl caprolactam bleach activators of the formula:
• R is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons; and d) mixtures of a), b) and c).
• the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide yielded by the peroxygen bleaching compound to bleach activator is greater than about 1.0. Most preferably, the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to bleach activator is at least about 1.5.
• the present invention also encompasses detergent compositions comprising an effective amount of one or more types of enzymes and a bleaching system comprising at least about 0.1%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 50%, by weight, of a substantially insoluble organic peroxyacid having the general formula:
• Preferred bleach activators of type a) are those wherein R is an alkyl group
• bleach activators are those of the above general formulas wherein R is an alkyl group
• Preferred bleach activators of type b) are those wherein R ⁇ , It,, R 4 , and R 5 are H and R, is a phenyl group.
• the preferred acyl moieties of said N-acyl caprolactam bleach activators of type c) have the formula R -CO- wherein R is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons, preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• R is a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, decenyl and mixtures thereof.
• Other highly preferred detergent compositions are those comprising bleach activators selected from the group consisting of: a) a bleach activator of the formula:
• R! is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms
• R ⁇ is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms
• R ⁇ is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms
• L is a leaving group
• the peroxygen bleaching compound can be any peroxide source, and is preferably a member selected from the group consisting of sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, sodium percarbonate, sodium peroxide and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred peroxygen bleaching compounds are selected from the group consisting of sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate tetra ⁇ hydrate and mixtures thereof.
• a highly preferred peroxygen bleaching compound is sodium percarbonate.
• amido-derived and caprolactam bleach activators herein can also be used in combination with rubber-safe, enzyme-safe, hydrophilic activators such as TAED, typically at weight ratios of amido-derived or caprolactam activators:TAED in the range of 1 :5 to 5: 1, preferably about 1:1.
• rubber-safe, enzyme-safe, hydrophilic activators such as TAED, typically at weight ratios of amido-derived or caprolactam activators:TAED in the range of 1 :5 to 5: 1, preferably about 1:1.
• compositions and uses herein are effective with all manner of detersive enzymes, e.g., members selected from the group consisting of proteases, amylases, Upases, cellulases, peroxidases and mixtures thereof.
• detersive enzymes e.g., members selected from the group consisting of proteases, amylases, Upases, cellulases, peroxidases and mixtures thereof.
• modified protease bacterial serine protease enzymes obtained from Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus lentus or Bacillus licheniformis.
• Said enzymes comprise at least about 0.001%, preferably from about 0.001% to about 5%, of the detergent compositions.
• the invention also encompasses a method for cleaning fabrics comprising contacting, preferably with agitation, said fabrics with an aqueous liquor containing said detergent composition.
• the method can be carried out at temperatures below about 60 C but, of course, is quite effective and is still safe to rubber parts at laundry temperatures up to the boil.
• the aqueous laundry liquor comprises at least about 300 ppm of conventional detergent ingredients, as well as at least about 25 ppm of bleach activator and at least about 25 ppm of bleaching compound.
• said aqueous liquor comprises from about 900 ppm to about 20,000 ppm of the conventional detergent ingredients, from about 100 ppm to about 25,000 ppm of bleaching compound and from about 100 ppm to about 2,500 ppm of said bleach activator.
• the conventional detergent ingredients employed in said method comprise from about 1% to about 99.8%, preferably from about 5% to about 80%, of a detersive surfactant.
• detersive compositions can also comprise from about 5% to about 80% of a detergent builder.
• Other optional detersive ingredients are also encompassed by the fully-formulated detergent/bleach compositions provided by this invention.
• the detergent compositions employed in the present invention provide effective and efficient surface cleaning of fabrics which thereby removes stains and/or soils from the fabrics.
• the bleaching systems in combination with one or more types of enzymes are particularly efficient at removing most types of soils from the fabrics, including protein and lipid soils, dingy soils, and heavy soil loads, especiaUy from nucleophilic and body soils.
• the superior bleaching/cleaning action of the present compositions is achieved with safety to natural rubber machine parts and other natural rubber articles, including fabrics containing natural rubber and natural rubber elastic materials.
• the bleaching mechanism and, in particular, the surface bleaching mechanism are not completely understood. However, it is generally believed that the bleach activator undergoes nucleophilic attack by a perhydroxide anion, which is generated from the hydrogen peroxide evolved by the peroxygen bleach, to form a peroxycarboxylic acid. This reaction is commonly referred to as perhydrolysis.
• the bleaching systems and activators herein afford additional advantages in that, unexpectedly, they are safer to fabrics and cause less color damage than other activators when used in the manner provided by this invention.
• bleach activators within the invention can render peroxygen bleaches more efficient even at laundry liquor temperatures wherein bleach activators are not necessary to activate the bleach, i.e., above about 60°C.
• the bleaching systems wherein the bleach activator is used, also have as an essential component a peroxygen bleach capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution.
• Amido Derived Bleach Activators employed in the present invention are amide substituted compounds of the general formulas:
• R5 R5 or mixtures thereof, wherein R 1 , R2 and R 5 are as defined above and L can be essentially any suitable leaving group.
• a leaving group is any group that is displaced from the bleaching activator as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the bleach activator by the perhydroxide anion. This, the perhydrolysis reaction, results in the formation of the peroxycarboxylic acid.
• a group to be a suitable leaving group it must exert an electron attracting effect. It should also form a stable entity so that the rate of the back reaction is negligible. This facilitates the nucleophilic attack by the perhydroxide anion.
• the L group must be sufficiently reactive for the reaction to occur within the optimum time frame (e.g., a wash cycle). However, if L is too reactive, this activator will be difficult to stabilize for use in a bleaching composition.
• These characteristics are generaUy paralleled by the pKa of the conjugate acid of the leaving group, although exceptions to this convention are known. Ordinarily, leaving groups that exhibit such behavior are those in which their conjugate acid has a pKa in the range of from about 4 to about 13, preferably from about 6 to about 11 and most preferably from about 8 to about 11.
• Preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formula wherein
• R 1 , R2 ' aanndd F R 5 are as defined for the peroxyacid and L is selected from the group consisting of:
• R is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from
• R is an alkyl chain containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms
• R 4 is H or R 3
• Y is H or a solubilizing group.
• the preferred solubilizing groups are -SO 3 M , -CO 2 M , -SO 4 M ,
• M is an alkyl chain containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms
• M is a cation which provides solubility to the bleach activator
• X is an anion which provides solubility to the bleach activator.
• M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium cation, with sodium and potassium being most preferred, and
• X is a halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate or acetate anion. It should be noted that bleach activators with a leaving group that does not contain a solubilizing groups should be well dispersed in the bleaching solution in order to assist in their dissolution.
• Preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formula wherein L is selected from the group consisting of:
• R is as defined above and Y is -SO-, M or -CO 2 M wherein M is as defined above.
• bleach activators including those of type b) and type c), provide organic peracids as described herein by ring-opening as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the cyclic ring by the perhydroxide anion.
• this ring-opening reaction in type c) activators involves attack at the caprolactam ring carbonyl by hydrogen peroxide or its anion.
• ring-opening bleach activators can be found in type b) activators, such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,966,723, Hodge et al, issued Oct. 30, 1990.
• Such activator compounds disclosed by Hodge include the activators of the benzoxazin-type, having the formula:
• R is H, alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, arylalkyl, and wherein I ,, ⁇ R 4 , and R ⁇ - may be the same or different substituents selected from H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkyl amino, COOR ⁇ (wherein R ⁇ is H or an alkyl group) and carbonyl functions.
• a preferred activator of the benzoxazin-type is:
• pH can be obtained with substances commonly known as buffering agents, which are optional components of the bleaching systems herein.
• N-Acyl Caprolactam Bleach Activators -
• the N-acyl caprolactam bleach activators of type c) employed in the present invention have the formula:
• R is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to 12 carbons.
• Caprolactam activators wherein R comprises from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms provide hydrophilic bleaching species which are particularly efficient for bleaching beverage stains.
• Mixtures of hydrophobic and hydrophilic caprolactams, typically at weight ratios of 1:5 to 5:1, preferably 1:1, can be used herein for mixed stain removal benefits.
• N-acyl caprolactams are selected from the group consisting of benzoyl caprolactam, octanoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, 3,5,5- trimethylhexanoyl caprolactam, decanoyl caprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, and mixtures thereof.
• N-acyl caprolactams are well known in the art. Examples I and II, included below, illustrate preferred laboratory syntheses.
• the bleach activator is preferably not absorbed onto the peroxygen bleaching compound. To do so in the presence of other organic detersive ingredients could cause safety problems.
• the bleach activators of type a), b) or c) will comprise at least about 0.1%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 50%, more preferably from about 1% to about
• pH can be obtained with substances commonly known as buffering agents, which are optional components of the bleaching systems herein.
• the Peroxygen Bleaching Compound The peroxygen bleaching systems useful herein are those capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous liquor. These compounds are well known in the art and include hydrogen peroxide and the alkali metal peroxides, organic peroxide bleaching compounds such as urea peroxide, and inorganic persalt bleaching compounds, such as the alkali metal perborates, percarbonates, perphosphates, and the like. Mixtures of two or more such bleaching compounds can also be used, if desired.
• Preferred peroxygen bleaching compounds include sodium perborate, commercially available in the form of mono-, tri-, and tetra-hydrate, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, sodium percarbonate, and sodium peroxide. Particularly preferred are sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium perborate monohydrate and sodium percarbonate. Percarbonate is especially preferred because it is very stable during storage and yet still dissolves very quickly in the bleaching liquor. It is believed that such rapid dissolution results in the formation of higher levels of percarboxylic acid and, thus, enhanced surface bleaching performance.
• Highly preferred percarbonate can be in uncoated or coated form.
• the average particle size of uncoated percarbonate ranges from about 400 to about 1200 microns, most preferably from about 400 to about 600 microns.
• the preferred coating materials include mixtures of carbonate and sulphate, siUcate, borosilicate, or fatty carboxylic acids.
• the peroxygen bleaching compound will comprise at least about 0.1%, preferably from about 1% to about 75%, more preferably from about 3% to about 40%, most preferably from about 3% to about 25%, by weight of bleaching system or detergent composition.
• the weight ratio of bleach activator to peroxygen bleaching compound in the bleaching system typically ranges from about 2:1 to 1:5. Preferred ratios range from about 1:1 to about 1:3.
• the bleach activator/bleaching compound systems herein are useful per se as bleaches. However, such bleaching systems are especially useful in compositions which can comprise various detersive adjuncts such as surfactants, builders and the like.
• the Detersive Enzymes The detersive enzymes of the present invention are included for a wide variety of fabric laundering purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate- based, or triglyceride-based stains, for example, and for the prevention of fugitive dye transfer.
• the enzymes to be incorporated include proteases, amylases, Upases, cellulases, and peroxidases, as well as mixtures thereof. Other types of enzymes may also be included.
• bacterial or fungal enzymes are preferred, such as bacterial amylases and proteases, and fungal cellulases.
• Enzymes are normally incorporated at levels sufficient to provide up to about 50 mg by weight, more typically about 0.01 mg to about 10 mg, of active enzyme per gram of detergent composition. Stated otherwise, an effective amount of the enzymes employed in the present invention will comprise at least about 0.001%, preferably from about 0.001% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.001% to about 1%, most preferably from about 0.01% to about 1%, by weight of detergent composition.
• proteases are the subtilisins which are obtained from particular strains of B.subtilis, B.lentus and B.Ucheniforms.
• Another suitable protease is a modified bacterial serine protease enzyme obtained from Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis. having maximum activity throughout the pH range of 8-12, developed and sold by Novo Industries A/S under the registered trade name ESPERASE. The preparation of this enzyme and analogous enzymes is described in British Patent Specification No. 1,243,784 of Novo.
• Proteolytic enzymes suitable for removing protein-based stains include those sold under the tradenames ALCALASE and SAVINASE by Novo Industries A/S (Denmark) and MAXATASE by International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. (The Netherlands).
• Other proteases include Protease A (see European Patent Application 130,756, published January 9, 1985) and Protease B (see European Patent Application Serial No. 87303761.8, filed April 28, 1987, and European Patent Application 130,756, Bott et al, published January 9, 1985). Most preferred is what is called herein "Protease C", which is a variant of an alkaline serine protease from Bacillus, particularly Bacillus lentus.
• Protease C is described in EP 90915958:4, U.S. Patent No. 5,185,250 and U.S. Patent No. 5,204,015, which are incorporated herein by reference. Genetically modified variants, particularly of Protease C, are also included herein.
• Amylases include, for example, a-amylases described in British Patent Specification No. 1,296,839 (Novo), RAPIDASE, Intemational Bio- Synthetics, Inc. and TERMAMYL, Novo Industries.
• the cellulases usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgoard et al, issued March 6, 1984, which discloses fiingal cellulase produced from Humicola insolens and Humicola strain DSM1800 or a cellulase 212-producing fungus belonging to the genus Aeromonas, and cellulase extracted from the hepatopancreas of a marine mollusk (Dolabella Auricula Solander). Suitable cellulases are also disclosed in GB- A-2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832.
• Suitable lipase enzymes for detergent usage include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1,372,034. See also Upases in Japanese Patent Application 53-20487, laid open to public inspection on February 24, 1978. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano,” hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P.” Other commercial Upases include Amano-CES, Upases ex Chromobacter viscosum, e.g. Chromobacter viscosum var.
• lipolyticum NRRLB 3673 commercially available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and further Chromobacter viscosum Upases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, and Upases ex Pseudomonas gladioU.
• the LIPOLASE enzyme derived from the fungus Humicola lanuginosa and expressed in Aspergillus oryzae as host and commercially available from Novo (see also E.P. Patent 341,947) is a preferred lipase for use herein.
• Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g., percarbonate, perborate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. They are used for "solution bleaching," i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from sub- strates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash solution.
• Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example, horseradish peroxidase, ligninase, and haloperoxidase such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase.
• Peroxidase- containing detergent compositions are disclosed, for example, in PCT International Application WO 89/099813, published October 19, 1989, by O. Kirk, assigned to Novo Industries A/S.
• Enzyme Stabilizers The enzymes employed herein are stabilized by the presence of water-soluble sources of calcium ions in the finished compositions which provide calcium ions to the enzymes. Additional stability can be provided by the presence of various other art-disclosed stabilizers, especially borate species: see Severson, U.S. 4,537,706, cited above.
• Typical detergents, especially liquids will comprise from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about 2 to about 20, more preferably from about 5 to about 15, and most preferably from about 8 to about 12, millimoles of calcium ion per liter of finished composition. This can vary somewhat, depending on the amount of enzyme present and its response to the calcium ions.
• the level of calcium ion should be selected so that there is always some minimum level available for the enzyme, after allowing for complexation with builders, fatty acids, etc., in the composition.
• Any water-soluble calcium salt can be used as the source of calcium ion, including, but not limited to, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, calcium malate, calcium hydroxide, calcium formate, and calcium acetate.
• a small amount of calcium ion generally from about 0.05 to about 0.4 miUimoles per liter, is often also present in the composition due to calcium in the enzyme slurry and formula water.
• the formulation may include a sufficient quantity of a water-soluble calcium ion source to provide such amounts in the laundry liquor. In the alternative, natural water hardness may suffice.
• compositions herein may also optionally, but preferably, contain various additional stabilizers including silicate coatings and, especially borate-type stabilizers.
• stabiUzers will be used at levels in the compositions from about 0.25% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.75% to about 3%, by weight of boric acid or other borate compound capable of forming boric acid in the composition (calculated on the basis of boric acid).
• Boric acid is preferred, although other compounds such as boric oxide, borax and other alkali metal borates (e.g., sodium ortho-, meta- and pyroborate, and sodium pentaborate) are suitable.
• Substituted boric acids e.g., phenylboronic acid, butane boronic acid, and p-bromo phenylboronic acid
• the amount of detersive surfactant included in the fully-formulated detergent compositions afforded by the present invention can vary from about 1% to about 99.8% depending upon the particular surfactants used and the effects desired.
• the detersive surfactants comprise from about 5% to about 80% by 0 weight of the detergent ingredients.
• the detersive surfactant can be nonionic, anionic, ampholytic, zwitterionic, or cationic. Mixtures of these surfactants can also be used.
• Preferred detergent compositions comprise anionic detersive surfactants or mixtures of anionic surfactants with other surfactants, especially nonionic surfactants. 5
• Nonlimiting examples of surfactants useful herein include the conventional
• adjunct nonionic surfactants especially useful herein comprises the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula:
• -Cg hydrocarbyl 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or a mixture thereof, preferably C,-C 4 alkyl, more preferably C, or C « alkyl, most preferably C, alkyl (i.e., methyl); and R is a C 5 -C 32 hydrocarbyl moiety, preferably straight chain C--C j9 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain Cg-C,- alkyl 0 or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C ⁇ -C ⁇ g alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 2 (in the case of glyceraldehyde) or at least 3 hydroxyls (in the case of other reducing sugars) directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
• Z preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z is a glycityl moiety.
• Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose, as well as glyceraldehyde.
• high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z. It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials.
• Z preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -(CHOH) n -CH 2 OH,-CH(CH 2 OH)-(CHOH) n l - -CH 2 OH,-CH 2 _-(CHOH) 2 (CHOR')(CHOH)-CH 2 OH, where n is an integer from 1 to 5, inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic mono- or poly- saccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly -CH 2 -(CHOH) 4 CH 2 OH.
• R can be, for example, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N- isopropyl, N-butyl, N-isobutyl, N-2-hydroxy ethyl, or N-2-hydroxy propyl.
• R is preferably methyl or hydroxyalkyl.
• R is preferably C 2 _C alkyl, especially n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and 2-ethyl hexyl.
• 2 R -CO-N ⁇ can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, tallowamide, etc.
• Optional detergent ingredients employed in the present invention contain inorganic and/or organic detersive builders to assist in mineral hardness control. If used, these builders comprise from about 5% to about 80% by weight of the detergent compositions.
• Inorganic detersive builders include, but are not Umited to, the alkaU metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates (exemplified by the tri- polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphates), phos- phonates, phytic acid, silicates, carbonates (including bicarbonates and sesqui- carbonates), sulphates, and aluminosilicates.
• polyphosphates exemplified by the tri- polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphates
• phos- phonates phos- phonates
• phytic acid phos- phonates
• silicates phos- phonates
• carbonates including bicarbonates and sesqui- carbonates
• sulphates sulphates
• aluminosilicates aluminosilicates.
• nonphosphate builders are required in some locales.
• silicate builders are the alkali metal silicates, particularly those having a SiO 2 :N- O ratio in the range 1.6:1 to 3.2:1 and layered siUcates, such as the layered sodium silicates described in U.S. Patent 4,664,839, issued May 12, 1987 to H. P. Rieck, available from Hoechst under the trademark "SKS"; SKS-6 is an especially preferred layered silicate builder.
• alkali metal carbonate built detergents can be in the range of 450-850 g/1 with the moisture content preferably below 4%.
• carbonate builders are the alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates as disclosed in German Patent Application No. 2,321,001 published on November 15, 1973.
• Aluminosilicate builders are especially useful in the present invention.
• aluminosilicates are zeolite builders which have the formula:
• aluminosilicates can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturally-occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived.
• Methods for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,985,669, Krummel, et al, issued October 12, 1976, and U.S. Patent 4,605,509, Corkill, et al, issued Aug. 12, 1986.
• Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, ZeoUte P (B) (including those disclosed in EPO 384,070), and Zeolite X.
• the aluminosilicate has a particle size of about 0.1-10 microns in diameter.
• Organic detersive builders suitable for the purposes of the present invention include, but are not restricted to, a wide variety of polycarboxylate compounds, such as ether polycarboxylates, including oxydisuccinate, as disclosed in Berg, U.S. Patent 3,128,287, issued April 7, 1964, and Lamberti et al, U.S. Patent 3,635,830, issued January 18, 1972. See also "TMS/TDS" builders of U.S. Patent 4,663,071, issued to Bush et al, on May 5, 1987.
• Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cycUc compounds, particularly alicyclic compounds, such as those described in U.S. Patents 3,923,679; 3,835,163; 4,158,635; 4,120,874 and 4,102,903.
• ether hydroxy-polycarboxylates copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1, 3, 5- trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6-trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyl-oxysuccinic acid
• polyacetic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, as weU
• polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
• Citrate builders e.g., citric acid and soluble salts thereof (particularly sodium salt), are preferred polycarboxylate builders that can also be used in granular compositions, especially in combination with zeolite and/or layered silicate builders. Also suitable in the detergent compositions of the present invention are the 3,3-dicarboxy-4-oxa-l,6-hexanedioates and the related compounds disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,566,984, Bush, issued January 28, 1986.
• the various alkali metal phosphates such as the well-known sodium tripolyphosphates, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium orthophosphate can be used.
• Phosphonate builders such as ethane- 1 - hydroxy-l,l-diphosphonate and other known phosphonates (see, for example, U.S. Patents 3,159,581; 3,213,030; 3,422,021; 3,400,148 and 3,422,137) can also be used.
• the conventional detergent ingredients employed herein can be selected from typical detergent composition components such as ⁇ detersive surfactants and detersive builders.
• the detergent ingredients can include one or more other detersive adjuncts or other materials for assisting or enhancing cleaning performance, treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the detergent composition.
• Usual detersive adjuncts of detergent compositions include the ingredients set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,936,537, Baskerville et al, are incorporated herein by reference.
• adjuncts which can be included in detergent compositions employed in the present invention, in their conventional art-established levels for use (generally from 0% to about 20% of the detergent ingredients, preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%), include color speckles, suds boosters, suds suppressors, antitarnish and/or anticorrosion agents, soil-suspending agents, soil release agents, dyes, fillers, optical brighteners, germicides, alkahnity sources, hydrotropes, antioxidants, perfumes, solvents, solubilizing agents, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, polymeric dispersing agents, processing aids, fabric softening components static control agents, etc.
• Bleach systems optionally, but preferably, will also comprise a chelant which not only enhances bleach stability by scavenging heavy metal ions which tend to decompose bleaches, but also assists in the removal of polyphenoUc stains such as tea stains, and the like.
• a chelant including the aminophosphonates, available as DEQUEST from Monsanto, the nitrilotriacetates, the hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine triacetates, and the like, are known for such use.
• Preferred biodegradable, non- phosphorus chelants include ethylene-diamine disuccinate ("EDDS"; see U.S.
• EDDG ethylenediamine-N,N'-diglutamate
• HPDDS 2- hydroxypropylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinate
• Such chelants can be used in their alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, typically at levels from about 0.1% to about 10% of the present compositions.
• the detergent compositions employed herein can comprise, in addition to the bleaching system of the present invention, one or more other conventional bleaching agents, activators, or stabilizers which do not react with or otherwise harm natural rubber.
• the formulator will ensure that the bleach compounds used are compatible with the detergent formulation.
• Conventional tests such as tests of bleach activity on storage in the presence of the separate or fully- formulated ingredients, can be used for this purpose.
• a specific example of an optional bleaching agent for incorporation in this invention is tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED)
• TAED tetraacetyl ethylene diamine
• Such bleaching compounds and agents can be optionally included in detergent compositions in their conventional art-established levels of use, generally from 0% to about 15%, by weight of detergent composition.
• Bleaching activators of the invention are especially useful in conventional laundry detergent compositions such as those typically found in granular detergents or laundry bars.
• Methods for making laundry detergent bars by various extrusion methods are well known in the art. The following examples are given to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to be limiting thereof
• 6-nonanamidocaproic Acid ( ACA) -
• the reaction is carried out in a 12L 3- necked flask equipped with a thermometer, addition funnel and mechanical stirrer.
• a solution made from 212g (5.3 moles) of sodium hydroxide and 6L of water (cooled to room temperature) is added 694.3g (5.3 moles) of 6-aminocaproic acid.
• This mixture is cooled to 10 C and a solution of 694.3g (5.3 moles) of nonanoyl chloride in 1L of ether is added in a slow stream (about 2.5 hours) keeping the temperature at 10-15°C.
• the reaction is maintained at pH 11-12 by periodic addition of 50% NaOH.
• NACA-CD Acid Chloride
• the reaction is carried out in a 5L, 3 -necked flask equipped with an addition funnel, mechanical stirrer and argon sweep.
• To a suspension of 542g (2.0 moles) of NACA in 2L of toluene is added (in a slow stream over 30 minutes) 476g (4.0 moles) of thionyl chloride.
• This mixture is stirred at room temperature for four hours during which time the solids dissolve.
• the solution is partially evaporated (30°C, 10 mm) to remove any excess thionyl chloride leaving 905g of NACA-Cl/toluene solution (contains approximately 2 moles of NACA-C1).
• An IR spectrum confirms conversion of COOH to COC1.
• a granular detergent composition is prepared comprising the following ingredients.
• Filler* and water Balance to 100% * can be selected from convenient materials such as CaCO 3 , talc, clay, silicates, and the like.
• Aqueous crutcher mixes of heat and alkali stable components of the detergent compositions are prepared and spray-dried and the other ingredients are admixed so that they contain the ingredients tabulated at the levels shown.
• the detergent granules with bleach activator are added together with 5 lb. (2.3 kg) of previously laundered fabrics including natural rubber articles such as elastic materials, to an automatic washing machine equipped with a natural rubber sump hose. Actual weights of detergent and bleach activator are taken to provide a 950 ppm concentration of the former and 50 ppm concentration of the latter in the 17 gallon (65 1) water-fill machine.
• the water used has 7 grains/gallon hardness and a pH of 7 to 7.5 prior to (about 9 to about 10.5 after) addition of the detergent and bleaching system.
• the fabrics are laundered at 35°C (95°F) for a full cycle (12 min.) and rinsed at 21°C (70°F).
• the laundering method is repeated for 2,000 wash cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts or without damage to the natural rubber contained in the fabrics and with good enzyme performance.
• a granular detergent composition is prepared comprising the following ingredients.
• Aqueous crutcher mixes of heat and alkali stable components of the detergent composition are prepared and spray-dried, and the other ingredients are admixed so that they contain the ingredients tabulated at the levels shown.
• the detergent granules with bleach activator are added via the dispensing drawer together with 5 lb. (2.3 kg) of previously laundered fabrics to an automatic washing machine equipped with a natural rubber sump hose. Actual weights of detergent and bleach activator are taken to provide a 8,000 ppm concentration of the former and 400 ppm concentration of the latter in the 17 1 water-fill machine.
• the water used has 10 grains/gallon hardness and a pH of 7 to 7.5 prior to (about 9 to about 10.5 after) addition of the detergent and bleaching system.
• the fabrics are laundered at 40°C (104°F) for a full cycle (40 min.) and rinsed at 21°C (70°F).
• the laundering method is repeated for 2,000 wash cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• a detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example V, with the single exception that an equivalent amount of benzoyloxybenzene sulfonate is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam.
• the laundering method of Example V is repeated for about 1200 cycles at which time the natural rubber parts ruptures.
• Example V with the single exception that an equivalent amount of (6-nonanamidocaproyl)-oxybenzenesulfonate as prepared in Example III is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam.
• the laundering method of Example V is repeated for 2000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• EXAMPLE V ⁇ i A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example V, with the exceptions that 15% of a 1:1:1 mixture of benzoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam and (6-nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzene-sulfonate as prepared following Example HI is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 30%.
• the laundering method of Example V is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• Example IV with the exceptions that 20% of a 1:1 mixture of benzoyl caprolactam and (6-nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate as prepared following Example III is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam, the amount of sodium percarbonate is 20%, and the amount of phosphate is 0%.
• the laundering method of Example IV is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• Example V with the single exception that an equivalent amount of a benzoxazin-type activator is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam.
• Example V is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• EXAMPLE XI A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example V, with the exceptions that 10% of a 1:1 mixture of a benzoxazin-type activator and tetraacetyl ethylene diamine is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 25%.
• the laundering method of Example V is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• a laundry bar suitable for hand- washing soiled fabrics is prepared by standard extrusion processes and comprises the following:
• the detergent laundry bars are processed in conventional soap or detergent bar making equipment as commonly used in the art. Testing is conducted foUowing the procedures and methods in Example V. The laundering method is repeated for 2,000 wash cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• Example XII with the single exception that an equivalent amount of benzoyl caprolactam is substituted for the (6-nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate.
• the laundering method of Example XII is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• EXAMPLE XIV A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example XII, with the single exception that an equivalent amount of nonanoyl caprolactam is substituted for the (6-ncnanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate. The laundering method of Example XII is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• a granular detergent composition comprising the following ingredients.
• Aqueous crutcher mixes of heat and alkali stable components of the detergent composition are prepared and spray-dried, and the other ingredients are admixed so that they contain the ingredients tabulated at the levels shown. Testing is conducted following the procedures and methods in Example V.
• Example V The laundering method of Example V is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• Example XV with the single exception that an equivalent amount of benzoyl caprolactam is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam.
• Example V Testing is conducted following the procedures and methods in Example V.
• the laundering method of Example V is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• EXAMPLE XVII A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example XV, with the exceptions that 15%, by weight, of (6-nonanamido- caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 30%.
• Example V Testing is conducted following the procedures and methods in Example V.
• the laundering method of Example V is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• a detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of
• Example XV with the exceptions that 15%, by weight, of a 1:1 mixture of (6- nonanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate and (6-decanamidocaproyl)oxybenzene- sulfonate activator is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 30%.
• Example V Testing is conducted following the procedures and methods in Example V.
• the laundering method of Example V is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• EXAMPLE XIX A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example XV, with the exceptions that 15%, by weight, of a 1:1 mixture of (6- octanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate and (6-decanamidocaproyl)oxybenzene- sulfonate activator is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 30%. Testing is conducted following the procedures and methods in Example V.
• Example V The laundering method of Example V is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• Example XV with the exceptions that 15%, by weight, of (6-octanamidocaproyl)- oxybenzenesulfonate is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 30%.
• Example V Testing is conducted following the procedures and methods in Example V.
• the laundering method of Example V is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• EXAMPLE XXI A detergent composition is prepared by a procedure identical to that of Example XV, with the exceptions that 15%, by weight, of (6-decanamidocaproyl)- oxybenzenesulfonate activator is substituted for the nonanoyl caprolactam and the amount of sodium percarbonate is 30%.
• Example V Testing is conducted following the procedures and methods in Example V.
• the laundering method of Example V is repeated for 2,000 cycles without rupture of, or significant damage to, the natural rubber parts and with good enzyme stability and performance.
• the bleach activators may be processed with a range of organic and inorganic substances to achieve a rapid dispersion in the bleaching liquor and to insure good stability in the detergent composition.
• the bleach activators are preferably employed in paniculate form.
• An example of preferred caprolactam bleach activator particles is an agglomerate of about 65%, by weight, benzoyl caprolactam; about 7% of a builder, such as aluminium silicate; about 15% sodium carbonate; about 9% dispersant, such as a polyacrylate polymer; and about 4% of a solubilizing agent, such as a linear alkyl sulfonate.
• Another example of a preferred caprolactam bleach activator particle is an agglomerate of about 80% to about 85%, by weight, benzoyl caprolactam and about 15% to about 20% of a binder, such as tallow alcohol ethoxylate, preferably TAE25.
• An example of a preferred amido-derived bleach activator particle comprises a 1:1:1 mixture of (6-octanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, (6- decanamidocaproyl)-oxybenzenesulfonate, and citric acid powder.
• the mixture is intimately mixed in a food mixer for 5-10 minutes.
• To the resultant mixture is added tallow alcohol ethoxylate (TAE25) nonionic surfactant at 50° C until granules are formed.
• TAE25 tallow alcohol ethoxylate
• Typically successful granulations are achieved with a ratio of bleach activator/citric acid solid mixtures:nonionic binding agent of 3.5:1.
• the resultant granules, ellipsodial and spherical in shape, are white and free flowing.
• a typical particle composition is about 40% to about 60%, preferably about
• the bleach activator or mixture of bleach activators 55%, by weight, of the bleach activator or mixture of bleach activators; about 20% to about 40%, preferably about 25%, by weight, of citric acid; and about 15% to about 30%, preferably about 20%, by weight, TAE25 binding agent.
• a 2: 1 mixture of (6-decanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate and citric acid powder may be used.
• the composition on the granule is 55% bleach activator, 25% citric acid, and 20% TAE25 binding agent.
• Other preferred organic binding agents include anionic surfactants (Cj2 linear alkyl benzene sulfonates), polyethylene glycols, and TAE50.
• a preferred amido-derived bleach activator particle comprises a 1:1:1 mixture of (6-octanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, (6-decan- amidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, and sodium hydrogen sulfate.
• an anionic surfactant alkyl sulfate is particularly perferred.
• the components are mixed into a paste with water, typicaUy 30-50% by weight of water being added, and introduced into an air flow such that droplets are formed.
• This techinque is commonly known as spray drying. This may be achieved using, for example a Nyro atomiser, or a spray gun.
• Hot air typically 150-300 degree CeUsius
• the resulting particles formed are collected at the bottom of the column and classified into desired size.
• a typical particle composition is about 40-60%, preferably about 55%, by weight of the bleach activator or mixture of activators, about 20-40%, preferably about 25%, of sodium hydrogen sulfate, and about 15-25%, preferably about 20%, of anionic surfactant.
• a 2:1 mixture of (6- decanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate and sodium hydrogen sulfate may be used.
• Citric acid or boric acid may also be used in place of sodium hydrogen sulfate in the above examples.
• the particle size of the resulting granules may be varied according to the desired performance/stability. Fine particles ( ⁇ 250 um) show improved solubility; though coarse particles (>1180 um) are more stable in high temperatures/moist environments. A typical, preferred particle size range is 250-1180 um; particles conforming to this specification show excellent stability and solubility.

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• 1994
  • 1994-05-12 DE DE69413028T patent/DE69413028T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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