WO1994026998A1 - Isolation thermique de toits et de planchers - Google Patents

Isolation thermique de toits et de planchers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994026998A1
WO1994026998A1 PCT/GR1994/000010 GR9400010W WO9426998A1 WO 1994026998 A1 WO1994026998 A1 WO 1994026998A1 GR 9400010 W GR9400010 W GR 9400010W WO 9426998 A1 WO9426998 A1 WO 9426998A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shell
heat
gap
air
supports
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GR1994/000010
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Minas Iosifides
Original Assignee
Minas Iosifides
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minas Iosifides filed Critical Minas Iosifides
Priority to EP94914521A priority Critical patent/EP0651843A1/fr
Publication of WO1994026998A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994026998A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/005—Supports for elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
    • E04D13/0481—Drainage guiding provisions, e.g. deflectors or stimulation by inclined surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
    • E04D13/172—Roof insulating material with provisions for or being arranged for permitting ventilation of the roof covering

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the heat insulation of roof and floor surfaces. Further the surfaces insulated in accordance with the invention are waterproof and soundproof.
  • floor surfaces reference is made to interior floors, building terraces, quays etc.
  • roof elements reference is made for instance to horizontal and inclined roofs, domes etc.
  • the state of the art refers to various methods, which are mainly based on the use of membranes made of all kinds of asphaltic or other synthetic material available by the chemical industry, such as PVC, polyurethane ' s, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene, acrylics and others.
  • Such membranes which either are applied in liquid form or they are ready sheets, are used for waterproofing of the external horizontal surfaces of buildings and ensure protection from internal or external wetting of the heat insulation layers.
  • the main disadvantages that such material present are i) the limited life-time of their properties, because of their exposure to a high- temperature environment and/or ultra-violet radiation, and ii) that they may be easily perforated. There is also a risk of having defective joints, when adjacent membrane elements, are joint together. The use of such membranes is further involved with a relatively high cost.
  • the water which accumulates on such surfaces, is guided towards drainage openings configured around the perimeter of the surface, whereby the water flow is achieved through an appropriate inclination configured thereon.
  • the inclination is obtained through application of various materials of considerable thickness such as light concrete, pumice-stone, gas-concrete etc., or through the covering of the surface by plates whose upper surface is inclined in their final position. This process is costly and results in loading the surfaces to be insulated, with additional weights.
  • the waterproof membrane is positioned under the heat-insulating layers, i.e. between the surface to be insulated and the heat insulating layers.
  • heat-insulating materials with high resistance to the absorption of water and/or humidity, as for instance certain foam synthetics with closed cells or foam glass.
  • a disadvantage linked with all processes based on the use of membranes, is that the membranes, which also act as a damp barrier, do not allow for the proper ventilation of the various construction elements.
  • the present invention aims at establishing a technically flawless, low-cost and time saving process allowing for the thermal insulation of roofs and floors.
  • the combination of the features in accordance with claim 1, allows for the construction of monolithic shells without expansion joints and with excellent waterproof qualities.
  • the constructed shells are passable, and in combination with the air-gap over the heat-insulating material ensures, the perfect insulation of the surface.
  • the construction is relatively cheep, both in terms of money and time.
  • the ability of the finally constructed shell to slide freely on the supports actually protects the shell from cracking due to shell overheating and overcooling. Communication of the air-gap with the outer-space ensures ventilation of the former and is consequently expected to prevent the development of moisture on the heat-insulating material. In this way, the properties of the heat-insulating materials are properly and efficiently preserved on a stable level.
  • the method ensures not only monolithic qualities and the continuity of the shell itself but the continuity of the heat-insulating material since the various supports are placed on the heat-insulating material, and do not perforate it.
  • Claims 8 defines a heat insulating structure on the outer surface of a roof or floor, comprising all the features of the invention.
  • Claim 2 represents an embodiment of the invention according to which water collectors and piping are installed within the air-gap, ensuring collection and siphomc flow and disposal of the liquids, which accumulate on the surfaces In this way the construction of the inclinations of the prior art, which have been already described in the third paragraph on page 1, to guide the water on the disposal points is avoided
  • This embodiment of the invention is particularly advantageous in the case of surfaces, the geometry of which does not favour a natural flow of water (as is, for instance, the case with horizontal surfaces), as well as in cases of platform surfaces upon which liquids easily accumulate, as is the case of railway stations quays or slaughter-house floors
  • a ventilation channel is provided on the water collector, to allow further ventilation of the air-gap Further, according to claim 4, a thread is provided on the channel ' s wall, to screw a ventilation pipe In this way, the connection of the ventilation pipe and the ventilation channel is waterproof
  • Claim 5 refers to a particularly simple and efficient construction of the shell, from reinforced concrete According to this claim, an assembly is placed or constructed on the supports, and then concrete is applied over it
  • the shell perimeter is to remain free, so that the connection of the air-gap with the outer-space is ensured in a pe ⁇ met ⁇ c way In order to achieve this connection, in case of existence of a parapet, the perimeter of the shell is not connected thereto
  • Claim 7 defines the application of the method on a curved surface, for instance the external surface of a dome
  • the layer of the heat insulating material is placed on the roof element and below the supports, and that the supports abut the heat insulating material
  • Figure 1 illustrates an insulated surface with the heat insulating structure.
  • Figures 2 and 6 illustrate the water collector and the respective piping in the final operational position.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the water collector
  • FIGS 4 and 5 illustrate the perimeter of the shell, which remains free.
  • Figure 1 presents the roof of a building (1) carrying the heat insulating structure in accordance with the invention. Apart from the surface (1), the figure shows the heat-insulating material (2), the ventilation air-gap (3) and the shell (7) made of reinforced concrete. Supports (4) having wide flanges, which are not shown in figure 1, have been placed in the air-gap (3) between the heat-insulating material and the shell (7).
  • the shell surface (7) is further divided in approximately square areas (for example ⁇ Orrr) such as the one shown in Figure 1, on which slight inclinations, have been formed at the stage of the application of concrete; they converge towards the geometrical centre of the area where the collector inlet (8a) is situated.
  • the collector (8) which, along with the pipe (9) connected to it, constitute the siphonic assembly of the drainage system, are immersed in the ventilation air-gap (3) and abut the heat-insulating material (2) without being connected by any means thereto.
  • the pipe (9) further extends vertically from the point of descent from the surface (1) and to such length as required for siphonic flow of the liquids.
  • Figure 2 shows the way of installation of the of the collector (8) and the ' pipe (9), which are positioned freely on the heat-insulating material (2).
  • FIG 3 shows an embodiment of the water collector (8), having an outlet (8 ⁇ ) formed in its lower part.
  • the collector (8) further comprises a ventilation channel (8 ' ) for ventilation of the air-gap (3), the function of which is described further below.
  • a ventilation pipe of appropriate length is threaded on the upper opening (8 " ) of the channel (8 ' ) (see figure 2) which, upon setting the collector to its operational position lays outside the air-gap (3).
  • FIGS 4, 5 and 6 show the arrangement of the wide-flange supports (4) on the he ⁇ t-insul ⁇ ting material surface (2), as well as the covering of the latter with thin yet, at the same time, not easily flexible sheets (5) with the concrete reinforcement (6) placed upon them.
  • the sheets (5) together with the said reinforcement (6) actually form an assembly (5, 6) to be used as a framework for the concrete, which will be eventually applied.
  • Figure 4 presents the arrangement of a communication opening (3 ' ) between the shell (7) and the parapet (lO).
  • a communication opening (3 ' ) allows for communication between the air-gap (3) with the outer- space.
  • the sheet (5) is to be adequately bent around the parapet area (lO) in a way to form the angle (5') required.
  • Such an angle could just as well be obtained by means of positioning a sheet having an L-shaped cross section.
  • Figure 5 shows the shell (7) with the communication opening (3 ' ) between the shell perimeter (7) and the internal surface of the parapet (lO).
  • the structuring of the communication opening (3') allows for an unobstructed motion of the shell (7) under the influence of temperature variations. In order to assist the unobstructed motion the shell may not be attached to any other element of the building such as a chimeney.
  • the shell (7) slides freely on the support flanges (4) while, at the same time, the said communication opening (3') allows for ventilation of the air-gap (3). In this way, the heat- insulating material (2) is kept dry, which results in the stability of its heat- insulating properties.
  • ventilation obtained through the communications opening (3 ' ) as well as through the air-gap (3) allows for the establishment of milder temperature conditions on the heat-insulating material (2) surface on periods of potential overheating and/or overcooling of the shell (7) as well as in the case of high speed winds.
  • a cover (11) made of appropriate material is positioned as shown in figure 5.
  • FIG 6 shows the arrangement of the shell (7) in area around the collectors (8).
  • the collector (8) is connected in a perimetric way with the reinforcement (6) and, in a perfectly waterproof way, with the shell (7), while at the same time it is freely based on the heat-insulating material (2) in a way to ensure sliding of the collector (8) in conformity with the movements of the shell (7), due to thermal charge.
  • the collector (8) undergoes these movements along with the pipe (9) which is connected to the outlet (8b) of the collector (8).
  • Figures 3 and 6 show the ventilation channel (8 ' ) arranged within the collector (8).
  • the channel (8) has a first opening (8 " ) which, at the operational position of the collector (8) lays outside the air-gap (3) and a second opening (8 '" ) which, lays within the air-gap (8).
  • the said ventilation channel (8 ' ) connects the air-gap (3) with the outside area thus allowing for ventilation of the air-gap (3).
  • Both in the outlet (83) and inlet (8a) and the first and second (8 " ,8 '" ) openings there has been provision for special filters to purify the water flowing there through. Filters are also provided in the piping ends (9), .
  • the heat-insulating material (2) in uniform thickness. Further, the total surface is divided in approximately square sections (for example, ⁇ Orrr). On the geometrical centre of each section a collector (8) is placed, which is appropriate for collection of the liquids eventually accumulate on the section. Each collector (8) is then connected to an horizontal pipe (9) which extends up to the point of descent from the surface (1); at this point, the pipe is bent (9) and further continues to extend to a vertical direction up to a certain length, so that requirements of siphonic flow are met. Both the collector (8) and the pipe (9) on its horizontal part are freely based on the heat-insulating material (2), without any anchoring points.
  • Wide-flange supports (4) are placed, but not fixed, on the heat-insulating material (2) at appropriate spacing, so that the supports may slide thereon.
  • Thin rigid sheets (5) preferably metallic, are then positioned on the free (upper) flanges of the supports (4)
  • the sheets (5) bridge the supports and cover the whole surface to be insulated, with the exception of the inlets (8a) of the collectors (8), which remain free. Further, these sheets (5) do not allow fluid concrete to penetrate them and thus they form a framework for the fluid concrete to be eventually applied on them.
  • the area of the flanges and the number and spacing of the supports (4) are selected to assure a uniform loading of the heat-insulating material (2), and thus to minimise the deformations to be developed.
  • the sheets (5) create a surface covering the surface (1) to be insulated, under which there is an air-gap (3) allowing for ventilation of the heat-insulating material (2).
  • the height of the air-gap (3) is enough to cover the collectors (8) as well as the pipes (9). Care is taken to ensure low friction coefficients on contact points between the supports ' flanges (4) and sheets (5).
  • the sheets (5) are vertically bent, or alternatively L-shaped elements are positioned in a way to form an opening (3 ' ) allowing for communication of the air-gap (3), with the outer-space.
  • a metallic concrete reinforcement (6) is placed on the sheet surface (5).
  • the next step is the application of concrete on the assembly (5,6) thus formed - the assembly consists of the sheets and the reinforcement,, so that the concrete shell (7) is formed.
  • the reinforcement (6) ensures resistance to the various tensions eventually developing within the shell, as a result of load charges and, of thermal loads; in this way, the shell shall be preserved crack-free.
  • the composition of the concrete as well as all other material eventually to be added to the latter aim in improving its properties, and ensure, among other, a crack-free surface and full water- tightness. Further the shell is passable, i.e. people may walk on it, and its properties are not influences from the environmental conditions.
  • Slight inclinations are formed on the shell (7) around the collectors ' inlets ( ⁇ a), a step followed by the smoothening process of the concrete surface.
  • the communication opening (3 ' ) may be covered with appropriate protective elements (11). Apart from allowing for an unobstructed contraction and expansion of the shell (7) the communication opening (3 ' ) also allows ventilation of the air-gap (3). Ventilation is further achieved through the ventilation channel (8').
  • the method may be applied to horizontal, plane, curved or corrugated surfaces.
  • the ventilation air-gap between the shell and the heat-insulating material is achieved through a free support of the shell on wide-flange supports of appropriate height, which may even be based on the relatively soft surfaces of the heat-insulating material and which cause slight if not negligible deformations of the heat-insulating material, as a result of the uniform distribution of loads.
  • the ventilation air-gap ensures that :
  • the surface of the heat-insulating material remains dry, and thus there is no risk of reduction of its heat-insulating ability.
  • the final surface formed over the ventilation air-gap is a strong, monolithic, passable shell, with no expansion joints, made of a thin plate of reinforced concrete.
  • the shell remains crack-free and fully water-tightened for the entire life of the building, because of the particular reinforcement, its ability to slide upon the flanges of the supports, its inorganic composition as well as because of the mixing of the concrete with several additives.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à l'isolation thermique de toits et de planchers. Selon l'invention, la surface (1) est recouverte d'un matériau d'isolation thermique (2) et des supports (4) sont positionnés sur ledit matériau d'isolation thermique (2). Une coquille (7) monolithe, rigide et étanche est ensuite placée sur les supports (4) de façon à former une vide d'air intermédiaire (3) entre le matériau d'isolation thermique (2) et la coquille (7) afin de permettre à celle-ci de coulisser sur les supports (4). La capacité de la coquille (7) à coulisser librement sur les supports (4) sert en fait à empêcher son fissurage en raison d'un échauffement et d'un refroidissement trop important. De plus, selon l'invention le vide d'air intermédiaire communique avec l'espace extérieur et assure la ventilation du vide d'air intermédiaire (3) empêchant ainsi la formation d'humidité sur le matériau d'isolation thermique.
PCT/GR1994/000010 1993-05-18 1994-05-13 Isolation thermique de toits et de planchers WO1994026998A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94914521A EP0651843A1 (fr) 1993-05-18 1994-05-13 Isolation thermique de toits et de planchers

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GR93100199 1993-05-18
GR930100199 1993-05-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994026998A1 true WO1994026998A1 (fr) 1994-11-24

Family

ID=10941344

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GR1994/000010 WO1994026998A1 (fr) 1993-05-18 1994-05-13 Isolation thermique de toits et de planchers

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0651843A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2139487A1 (fr)
GR (1) GR1001586B (fr)
WO (1) WO1994026998A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2240332A1 (fr) * 1973-08-09 1975-03-07 Bouygues Sa
AT339556B (de) * 1976-05-05 1977-10-25 Eternit Werke Hatschek L Flachdach
DE2944842B1 (de) * 1979-11-07 1981-03-26 Mero-Werke Dr.-Ing. Max Mengeringhausen GmbH & Co, 97082 Würzburg Freitragende Verbundbauplatte fuer zur Raumklimatisierung vorgesehene aufgestaenderte Fussboeden
DE3420417A1 (de) * 1984-06-01 1985-12-05 Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt Fussbodenheizung oder -kuehlung fuer einzelraeume
US4674249A (en) * 1985-09-16 1987-06-23 Carveth W Bennett Sr Roofing and decking construction

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2240332A1 (fr) * 1973-08-09 1975-03-07 Bouygues Sa
AT339556B (de) * 1976-05-05 1977-10-25 Eternit Werke Hatschek L Flachdach
DE2944842B1 (de) * 1979-11-07 1981-03-26 Mero-Werke Dr.-Ing. Max Mengeringhausen GmbH & Co, 97082 Würzburg Freitragende Verbundbauplatte fuer zur Raumklimatisierung vorgesehene aufgestaenderte Fussboeden
DE3420417A1 (de) * 1984-06-01 1985-12-05 Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt Fussbodenheizung oder -kuehlung fuer einzelraeume
US4674249A (en) * 1985-09-16 1987-06-23 Carveth W Bennett Sr Roofing and decking construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2139487A1 (fr) 1994-11-24
EP0651843A1 (fr) 1995-05-10
GR1001586B (el) 1994-06-30

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