WO1994025641A1 - Formation d'une couche dure sur un substrat - Google Patents

Formation d'une couche dure sur un substrat Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994025641A1
WO1994025641A1 PCT/GB1994/000881 GB9400881W WO9425641A1 WO 1994025641 A1 WO1994025641 A1 WO 1994025641A1 GB 9400881 W GB9400881 W GB 9400881W WO 9425641 A1 WO9425641 A1 WO 9425641A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substrate
mop
source material
particles
carbide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1994/000881
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roger John Wedlake
Izak Le Roux Strydom
Johan Frans Prins
Jochanan Hosea Romm
Original Assignee
Roger John Wedlake
Izak Le Roux Strydom
Johan Frans Prins
Jochanan Hosea Romm
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roger John Wedlake, Izak Le Roux Strydom, Johan Frans Prins, Jochanan Hosea Romm filed Critical Roger John Wedlake
Priority to AU65745/94A priority Critical patent/AU6574594A/en
Publication of WO1994025641A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994025641A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of forming a hard layer on a substrate, and to substrates coated in accordance with the method.
  • a method of forming a hard layer on a substrate comprises providing a suitable substrate; providing a source material selected from the group comprising transition metal carbides, silicon carbide, boron carbide, and materials containing covalently bonded mixtures of carbon, boron and nitrogen in any stable ratio; and nibbing the source material across a surface of the substrate at a sufficiently high speed and under sufficiently high pressure to cause a layer of hard material to adhere to the surface.
  • the source material may comprise a hard metal carbide.
  • the source material may comprise titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, or tungsten carbide.
  • the source material may comprise a mixture of covalently bonded carbon and boron nitride; or a mixture of covalently bonded boron carbide, carbon and/or boron nitride in any stable ratio.
  • the carbon may be in the form of cubic or wurtzitic diamond.
  • the boron nitride may be cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride.
  • the layer of hard material may have a cubic, zinc blend or wurtzite structure.
  • the source material is paniculate.
  • the source material particles are preferably less than 100 microns in size, and more preferably less than 10 microns in size. Ideally, the particles should be less than 1 micron in size, typically with a size distribution of 0 to 0.5 microns.
  • the particles are preferably rubbed across the substrate at a linear speed of at least 100 m/s, and preferably at least 200 m/s.
  • the speed may be substantially higher, up to about 360 m/s or more.
  • the substrate may comprise, for example, a metal such as steel or stainless steel, a carbide, a hard metal, a ceramic, or glass.
  • the particles may be rubbed across the surface of the substrate by means of a rotating wheel or mop, the particles being applied to the mop or to the interface between the mop and the surface of the substrate.
  • the mop may be impregnated with the particles, or the particles may be directed at the interface between the mop and the surface of the substrate by a gas or liquid jet, or both.
  • the interference between the periphery of the mop and the surface of the substrate is less than about 200 ⁇ m.
  • the mop and the substrate may be moved back and forth repeatedly relative to one another whilst the substrate is in contact with the mop.
  • the substrate may be moved repeatedly in a single direction relative to the mop while in contact with the mop.
  • the invention extends to articles comprising a substrate having a hard layer formed thereon by the method of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a simplified schematic end view of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the apparatus of Figure 1, showing one method of ca ⁇ ying out the invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the apparatus of Figure 1 illustrating a different method of carrying out the invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic sectional side view (not to scale) of a portion of a substrate coated with a hard layer according to a method of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a practical apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in a simplified schematic form apparatus which can be used to carry out the method of the invention.
  • the apparatus comprises a "mop" in the form of a cloth wheel or composite buffing wheel 10 which is supported on one side by a high speed bearing 12 and which is arranged to be rotated at high speed by a motor 14.
  • the motor 14 is preferably an air bearing turbine motor driven by compressed air which is designed for rotation at very high speeds, typically between 10 000 and 50 000 rpm or even higher speeds.
  • the axis of the mop 10 is horizontal, and the periphery of the wheel is supported just above the surface 16 of a table or other supporting surface. Fixed to the surface 16 is a substrate 18 which is to be coated with a hard layer.
  • the substrate 18 will typically have a planar upper surface and may comprise, for example, steel or stainless steel, a carbide, a hard metal, a ceramic, or glass.
  • the substrate 18 could have a curved surface.
  • the method of the apparatus is also expected to work with other substrate materials.
  • the mop 10 is used to rub particles 20 of the source materials mentioned below very rapidly and under pressure across the surface of the substrate 18, resulting in a "smearing" effect, which causes the particles to bond to the surface of the substrate and to build up a hard layer on the surface of the substrate.
  • the periphery of the mop 10 is impregnated or coated with fine particles of source material, and the mop is then rotated at high speed while in contact with the surface of the substrate 18. This causes the particles to be rubbed across the surface of the substrate.
  • the linear speed at which the particles are rubbed across the surface of the substrate 18 will be approximately 160 m/s.
  • a typical speed of rotation is 25 000 rpm, corresponding to a linear speed of approximately 200 m/s.
  • Speeds of up to 45 000 rpm are envisaged, conesponding to a linear speed of approximately 360 m/s.
  • a fine nozzle 24 is used to direct a thin spray of particles 20 into the interface between the periphery of the mop 10 and the surface of the substrate 18, using air or gas pressure. This minimises wastage of the particles.
  • a jet of liquid can be used for this purpose.
  • the mop can be impregnated initially with the sprayed particles, with the spray being continued as the coating process progresses.
  • FIG 3 an alternative method is shown.
  • a conduit 26 feeds the source material particles 20 under pressure into the hub 28 of the mop 10, which is perforated, allowing the particles 20 to migrate outwardly through the material of the mop 10. This method provides a relatively uniform distribution of particles at the periphery of the mop 10.
  • the source material comprises particles of a transition metal carbide or hard metal carbide such as titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, or tungsten carbide, or silicon or boron carbide.
  • the method provides a hard carbide layer on the surface of the substrate.
  • the source material comprises a mixture of particles of covalently bonded carbon and boron nitride, or a mixture of covalently bonded boron carbide, carbon and/or boron nitride in any stable ratio.
  • the carbon can comprise cubic or wurtzitic diamond particles
  • the boron nitride comprises cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride particles.
  • a carbon fibre mop can be employed, so that particles of carbon are included in the coating which is formed on the substrate as they break off the carbon fibres of the mop.
  • the source material particles are preferably less than 100 microns in size, and more preferably less than 10 microns in size. Ideally, the particles have a size distribution in the range 0 - 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the mop 10 was a carbon fibre/epoxy composite mop manufactured from multiple circular woven fibre mat sections.
  • the inner portions of the mops are impregnated with epoxy resin, leaving a peripheral zone of approximately 15 mm width free of resin.
  • the fibre mats are laid down one on top of the other in a staggered arrangement and moulded by conventional techniques to form a mop of approximately 300 mm diameter and approximately 5 mm thickness. After curing of the epoxy resin, all loose fibres are removed and the free fibres at the edge of the mop are trimmed.
  • the substrate 18 is supported on a substrate table 30, which is in turn mounted on a pneumatically driven platform 32.
  • the platform is mounted on a heavy machine base 34, and its movements are controlled by a control system 36, allowing the substrate table 30 and thus the substrate 18 to be driven back and forth below the mop by a pneumatic actuator.
  • Fine particles of source material are supplied to the interface between the mop 10 and the substrate 18 by a powder feed system 38.
  • a shroud 40 surrounds the mop to collect surplus powder, and is connected to a powder extraction system 42 which collects surplus powder for recycling.
  • a data acquisition system 44 is also provided, which is connected to sensors in the substrate table 30. The sensors are ananged to measure both the normal force F N and the friction force F p between the mop and substrate.
  • a stainless steel substrate was used. Specimen substrates of 50 by 30 mm were cut from a 2 mm thick sheet and were polished to a surface finish of approximately 0.02 ⁇ m Ra, giving a substantially mirror-like finish. A polished surface was preferred for experimental purposes, as this was useful in subsequent examination and characterisation of the layer formed by the method.
  • the specimen substrate is clamped onto the substrate table of the apparatus and the height of the compressed air turbine is adjusted so that the lowermost edge of the mop 10 contacts the surface of the substrate 18 with a degree of interference.
  • an interference of less than 100 ⁇ m (approximately 50 ⁇ m) was found to give good results.
  • Significantly greater interference greater than about 200 ⁇ m was found to lead to damage of the substrate by the high speed mop.
  • the turbine is started and the speed of the mop 10 adjusted to approximately 15 000 rpm by regulating the compressed air flow to the turbine. With a mop of 300 mm diameter, this corresponds to a circumferential velocity at the periphery of the mop of approximately 235 m/s.
  • the powder feed system is started and the particles of source material are fed to the interface between the mop and th substrate at a rate of approximately 20 to 30 mg/min.
  • the pneumatic actuation and control system 36 is actuated and the substrate table 30 is driven back and forth under the mop at a speed which is much slower than the speed at which the mop rubs the particles across the substrate.
  • the substrate table was moved at a speed of approximately 0.2 m/s. A number of passes are normally required. Typically, 10 back and forth cycles were employed.
  • the data acquisition system 44 records the normal and friction forces between the mop and the substrate. In the above prototype method, normal forces of 8 to 12 N and friction forces of 4 to 8 N were measured.
  • the table was driven repeatedly under the mop in a single direction (either with or against the rotation of the mop) by lowering the table on its return stroke. This technique improves the rate of deposition of the coating and its characteristics.
  • the coatings obtained by the above described method were subjected to examination by TEM, SEM and optical microscopy, and XPS and AES analysis techniques. Pin-on disc wear tests, using a tungsten carbide- cobalt ball sliding on the coated surface were also performed.
  • the hardness (or softness) of the mop 10 has a significant influence on the effect obtained in carrying out the method.
  • the substrate is eroded until a hard layer begins to form.
  • the erosion of the substrate results in the appearance of striations in the resulting layer.
  • the force applied by the mop to the substrate also has an influence on the rate of formation of the layer on the substrate.
  • the invention may be used for coating wear parts, for example hydraulic/pneumatic pistons and cylinders, producing coated cutting tools, passive electronic devices such as heat spreaders and active electronic devices such as semi-conductors.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de formation d'une couche dure sur un substrat consiste à frotter des particules d'un matériau brut approprié sur toute la surface du substrat de manière très rapide et à une pression suffisamment élevée pour provoquer la formation d'une couche dure sur la surface. Le matériau brut comprend généralement un carbure métallique dur, ou un matériau contenant du diamant ou du nitrure de bore. Un disque toile en fibre de carbone tournant à une vitesse d'environ 15 000 tours/min est maintenu contre un substrat, tel que de l'acier inoxydable poli, en laissant une légère friction entre la périphérie du disque toile et du substrat. Des particules de matériau brut sont appliquées à l'interface entre le disque toile et le substrat, et le substrat est traversé par le disque toile jusqu'à ce qu'une couche de matériau brut se forme sur la surface du substrat. Le substrat peut être déplacé vers l'arrière et vers l'avant sous le disque toile, ou peut être déplacé de façon unidirectionnelle par rapport au disque toile.
PCT/GB1994/000881 1993-04-26 1994-04-26 Formation d'une couche dure sur un substrat WO1994025641A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU65745/94A AU6574594A (en) 1993-04-26 1994-04-26 Forming a hard layer on a substrate

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA93/2907 1993-04-26
ZA932907 1993-04-26
ZA932987 1993-04-28
ZA93/2987 1993-04-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994025641A1 true WO1994025641A1 (fr) 1994-11-10

Family

ID=27142255

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1994/000881 WO1994025641A1 (fr) 1993-04-26 1994-04-26 Formation d'une couche dure sur un substrat

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6574594A (fr)
WO (1) WO1994025641A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1046484A2 (fr) * 1999-04-23 2000-10-25 Secretary of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Government Agency of Japan Procédé pour la fabrication à basses températures d'articles à partir de particules ultra-fines fragiles
US6511701B1 (en) * 2000-05-09 2003-01-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Coatings and methods
WO2005121402A1 (fr) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-22 Pinter Istvan Procédé et composition de matériaux destinés à réaliser un revêtement de surface résistant à l'usure
US7001675B2 (en) 2003-06-04 2006-02-21 Winsky Technology Ltd. Method of forming a nanocomposite coating
US9803284B2 (en) 2013-05-10 2017-10-31 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of depositing titania on a substrate and composite article
RU2649604C2 (ru) * 2016-04-20 2018-04-04 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (МГУ) Применение двойного шлифования изделия алмазной пудрой в качестве способа нанесения износостойкого покрытия
RU2716561C1 (ru) * 2019-04-17 2020-03-12 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственная фирма "Промрессурс" (ООО "НПФ "Промрессурс") Способ нанесения износостойкого покрытия

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1021094A (fr) * 1950-06-28 1953-02-13 Procédé pour accroître la résistance à l'usure des matériaux
DE3040669A1 (de) * 1980-10-29 1982-06-03 Kabel- und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshütte AG, 3000 Hannover Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbringen einer leitfaehigen schicht auf strangfoermiges gut
EP0152204A2 (fr) * 1984-01-24 1985-08-21 Tribohesion Limited Procédé de revêtement
JPS6283480A (ja) * 1985-10-08 1987-04-16 Kubota Ltd 耕耘爪及びその製造法
WO1990001808A1 (fr) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-22 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh Procede pour l'interconnexion d'un supraconducteur
WO1990002015A1 (fr) * 1988-08-30 1990-03-08 Frictec Limited Procede d'application de revetements durs sur des materiaux
WO1991010757A1 (fr) * 1990-01-16 1991-07-25 Etienne Broult Procede et appareil de depot d'une matiere d'apport solide constituee de particules d'au moins un metal, alliage, metalloide sur un substrat solide
EP0460901A2 (fr) * 1990-06-06 1991-12-11 The Welding Institute Rechargement d'un substrat convexe

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1021094A (fr) * 1950-06-28 1953-02-13 Procédé pour accroître la résistance à l'usure des matériaux
DE3040669A1 (de) * 1980-10-29 1982-06-03 Kabel- und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshütte AG, 3000 Hannover Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbringen einer leitfaehigen schicht auf strangfoermiges gut
EP0152204A2 (fr) * 1984-01-24 1985-08-21 Tribohesion Limited Procédé de revêtement
JPS6283480A (ja) * 1985-10-08 1987-04-16 Kubota Ltd 耕耘爪及びその製造法
WO1990001808A1 (fr) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-22 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh Procede pour l'interconnexion d'un supraconducteur
WO1990002015A1 (fr) * 1988-08-30 1990-03-08 Frictec Limited Procede d'application de revetements durs sur des materiaux
WO1991010757A1 (fr) * 1990-01-16 1991-07-25 Etienne Broult Procede et appareil de depot d'une matiere d'apport solide constituee de particules d'au moins un metal, alliage, metalloide sur un substrat solide
EP0460901A2 (fr) * 1990-06-06 1991-12-11 The Welding Institute Rechargement d'un substrat convexe

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 290 (C - 447)<2737> 18 September 1987 (1987-09-18) *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1046484A2 (fr) * 1999-04-23 2000-10-25 Secretary of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Government Agency of Japan Procédé pour la fabrication à basses températures d'articles à partir de particules ultra-fines fragiles
EP1046484A3 (fr) * 1999-04-23 2003-01-02 Secretary of Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Government Agency of Japan Procédé pour la fabrication à basses températures d'articles à partir de particules ultra-fines fragiles
US6511701B1 (en) * 2000-05-09 2003-01-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Coatings and methods
US7001675B2 (en) 2003-06-04 2006-02-21 Winsky Technology Ltd. Method of forming a nanocomposite coating
WO2005121402A1 (fr) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-22 Pinter Istvan Procédé et composition de matériaux destinés à réaliser un revêtement de surface résistant à l'usure
US9803284B2 (en) 2013-05-10 2017-10-31 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of depositing titania on a substrate and composite article
RU2649604C2 (ru) * 2016-04-20 2018-04-04 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (МГУ) Применение двойного шлифования изделия алмазной пудрой в качестве способа нанесения износостойкого покрытия
RU2716561C1 (ru) * 2019-04-17 2020-03-12 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственная фирма "Промрессурс" (ООО "НПФ "Промрессурс") Способ нанесения износостойкого покрытия

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6574594A (en) 1994-11-21

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