WO1994021140A1 - Animal feed supplement - Google Patents
Animal feed supplement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994021140A1 WO1994021140A1 PCT/GB1994/000434 GB9400434W WO9421140A1 WO 1994021140 A1 WO1994021140 A1 WO 1994021140A1 GB 9400434 W GB9400434 W GB 9400434W WO 9421140 A1 WO9421140 A1 WO 9421140A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lipid
- bacterial
- feed supplement
- extraction
- cell
- Prior art date
Links
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000006052 feed supplement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000035404 Autolysis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010057248 Cell death Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000028043 self proteolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000186840 Lactobacillus fermentum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006053 animal diet Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940012969 lactobacillus fermentum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000020940 control diet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000016943 Muramidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010014251 Muramidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010062010 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004325 lysozyme Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000274 lysozyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010335 lysozyme Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930186217 Glycolipid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003808 methanol extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000028070 sporulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to an animal feed supplement, more especially a feed supplement for enhancing weight gain in growing animals.
- animals include human beings.
- an animal feed supplement for enhancing weight gain in growing animals comprises a bacterial lipid made available from or obtained by--extraction from a cell concentrate obtained following a fermentation process in which bacterial cells, in general non-pathogenic, are grown in a liquid culture.
- a cell concentrate is obtained by separating the cells from the bulk fluid substrate, and the cell concentrate is then treated in a manner which at least partially breaks down the cell walls, thus releasing .or making the lipid or lipids more readily available.
- Possible methods of treatment of the cell concentrate to extract the bacterial lipid comprise chemical extraction, e.g. extraction by ether, by butanol or by chloroform/ methanol.
- Other possible extraction treatments include enzymatic extraction such as lysozyme treatment and autolysis, and heat treatment at a temperature approaching 100 degrees Centigrade or higher.
- Treatment of the cell residue in a manner which does not extract or make available to the animal the bacterial lipid, in particular one or more of the particular specified lipids, has been shown not to result in a useful product.
- the difference between non-active treated cell concentrates and active cell concentrates in accordance with the invention has been shown to be in the presence of a substance or substances having the solubility characteristics of a lipid and which is available to the animal.
- the invention is considered to be applicable to any of a number of bacterial lipids, when alone or in combination, such as neutral lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, polyhydroxybutyrates, and fatty acids.
- the invention also relates to the use of a bacterial lipid, more especially one or more of the particular lipids above mentioned, as an animal feed supplement for enhancing weight gain in growing animals.
- a method of treating growing animals to enhance weight gain according to which the animal diet is supplemented by an additive which comprises a bacterial lipid made available from or obtained by extraction from a cell concentrate obtained following a fermentation process in which bacterial cells, in general non-pathogenic, are grown in a liquid culture.
- Lactobacillus fermentum Lactobacillus acidophilus
- Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus plantarum
- Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis
- the cell concentrate may be used as a liquid or dried animal feed supplement, generally in combination with a liquid or solid carrier.
- the amount of concentrate employed is quantified by assaying the above-mentioned particular lipid or lipids present.
- the bacterial lipid acts by increasing growth rate and/or improving utilisation of food in the growing animals.
- An example of preparation of the bacterial lipid product is as follows.
- Bacillus subtilis was grown in a clear nutrient medium, sparged with filtered air and agitated. The fermentation was stopped before sporulation and the bacterial biomass concentrated by centrifugation, giving a slurry of 10.5% w/v dry matter content.
- the buffered bacterial slurry was mixed with 112 ml chloroform and 224 ml methanol, agitating at 37 degrees C in an orbital shaker for 18 hours. The sample was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes, and the super ⁇ natant collected.
- the supernatant was rotary evaporated to form an oily residue, which was re-dispersed in 20 ml of ether. This was shaken with 50 ml of demineralised water and immediately mixed with 200 g of granular expanded mica, which was then stirred to assist evaporation of solvent residues.
- the sample of treated vermiculite was then mixed with 35 kg of the basal animal feed.
- Tests have been carried out on young chicks randomly allocated between a control diet and the same diet supplemented by the treated cell concentrate of the invention, containing a combination of lipids, derived from 100 g of bacterial mass calculated from bacterial dried weight, per tonne of feed. Statistically significant weight extra gain after 17 days, starting with 3 days old chicks, has been shown relative to the control diet.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
An animal feed supplement for enhancing weight gain in growing animals comprises a bacterial lipid. This lipid is made available from or obtained by extraction from a cell concentrate obtained following a fermentation process in which non-pathogenic bacterial cells, such as Bacillus subtilis, are grown in a liquid culture. Methods to make available or extract the lipid include chemical extraction, enzymatic extraction and heat treatment.
Description
Ani al Feed Supplement
This invention relates generally to an animal feed supplement, more especially a feed supplement for enhancing weight gain in growing animals. In the context of the invention, animals include human beings.
According to one aspect of the present invention, an animal feed supplement for enhancing weight gain in growing animals comprises a bacterial lipid made available from or obtained by--extraction from a cell concentrate obtained following a fermentation process in which bacterial cells, in general non-pathogenic, are grown in a liquid culture.
Preferably, after growing the cells in the liquid culture, a cell concentrate is obtained by separating the cells from the bulk fluid substrate, and the cell concentrate is then treated in a manner which at least partially breaks down the cell walls, thus releasing .or making the lipid or lipids more readily available.
Possible methods of treatment of the cell concentrate to extract the bacterial lipid comprise chemical extraction, e.g. extraction by ether, by butanol or by chloroform/ methanol. Other possible extraction treatments include enzymatic extraction such as lysozyme treatment and autolysis, and heat treatment at a temperature approaching 100 degrees Centigrade or higher.
Treatment of the cell residue in a manner which does not extract or make available to the animal the bacterial lipid, in particular one or more of the particular
specified lipids, has been shown not to result in a useful product. The difference between non-active treated cell concentrates and active cell concentrates in accordance with the invention has been shown to be in the presence of a substance or substances having the solubility characteristics of a lipid and which is available to the animal.
The invention is considered to be applicable to any of a number of bacterial lipids, when alone or in combination, such as neutral lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, polyhydroxybutyrates, and fatty acids.
The invention also relates to the use of a bacterial lipid, more especially one or more of the particular lipids above mentioned, as an animal feed supplement for enhancing weight gain in growing animals.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treating growing animals to enhance weight gain, according to which the animal diet is supplemented by an additive which comprises a bacterial lipid made available from or obtained by extraction from a cell concentrate obtained following a fermentation process in which bacterial cells, in general non-pathogenic, are grown in a liquid culture.
The use of a variety of bacterial cells is possible, including Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis.
After treatment as aforesaid, the cell concentrate may be used as a liquid or dried animal feed supplement, generally in combination with a liquid or solid carrier.
The amount of concentrate employed is quantified by assaying the above-mentioned particular lipid or lipids present.
In use, the bacterial lipid acts by increasing growth rate and/or improving utilisation of food in the growing animals.
An example of preparation of the bacterial lipid product is as follows.
Bacillus subtilis was grown in a clear nutrient medium, sparged with filtered air and agitated. The fermentation was stopped before sporulation and the bacterial biomass concentrated by centrifugation, giving a slurry of 10.5% w/v dry matter content.
50 ml of the bacterial slurry was mixed with 62 ml of a buffer solution of 0.1 molar sodium acetate, and adjusted with glacial acetic acid to pH 4.5.
The buffered bacterial slurry was mixed with 112 ml chloroform and 224 ml methanol, agitating at 37 degrees C in an orbital shaker for 18 hours. The sample was then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes, and the super¬ natant collected.
The supernatant was rotary evaporated to form an oily residue, which was re-dispersed in 20 ml of ether. This was shaken with 50 ml of demineralised water and immediately mixed with 200 g of granular expanded mica, which was then stirred to assist evaporation of solvent residues.
The sample of treated vermiculite was then mixed with
35 kg of the basal animal feed.
Tests have been carried out on young chicks randomly allocated between a control diet and the same diet supplemented by the treated cell concentrate of the invention, containing a combination of lipids, derived from 100 g of bacterial mass calculated from bacterial dried weight, per tonne of feed. Statistically significant weight extra gain after 17 days, starting with 3 days old chicks, has been shown relative to the control diet.
Additional weight gain as compared to the control diet, expressed as a percentage, was as follows:-
Cell Residue Treatment Additional Weight
Gain (%i Control
Ether extraction + 5.7
Butanol extraction + 5.6 Chloroform/methanol extraction "+ 14.1
Lysozyme treatment + 11.3
Autolysis + 8.3
Heat treatment at 120 degrees C + 12.9
Claims
1. An animal feed supplement for enhancing weight gain in growing animals comprises a bacterial lipid made available from or obtained by extraction from a cell concentrate obtained following a fermentation process in which bacterial cells, in general non-pathogenic, are grown in a liquid culture.
2. A feed supplement according to claim 1, according to which, after growing the cells in the liquid culture, a cell concentrate is obtained by separating the cells from the bulk fluid substrate, and the cell concentrate is then treated in a manner which at least partially breaks down the cell walls, thus releasing or making the lipid or lipids more readily available.
3. A feed supplement according to claim 2, wherein the cell treatment to make available or extract the bacterial lipid comprises chemical extraction or enzymatic extraction or autolysis treatment.
4. A feed supplement according to claim 2, wherein the cell treatment to make available or extract the bacterial lipid comprises heat treatment.
5. A method of treating growing animals to enhance weight gain, according to which the animal diet is supplemented by an additive which comprises a bacterial lipid made available from or obtained by extraction from a cell concentrate obtained following a fermentation process in which bacterial cells, in general non- pathogenic, are grown in a liquid culture.
6. A method according to claim 5, in which the bacterial cells utilised comprise Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus subtilis.
7. A method according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein, after treatment, the cell concentrate is used as a liquid or dried animal feed supplement, generally in combination with a liquid or solid carrier.
8. A method according to claim 7, wherein the amount of concentrat -employed is quantified by assaying the above- mentioned particular lipid or lipids present.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939305722A GB9305722D0 (en) | 1993-03-19 | 1993-03-19 | Animal feed supplement |
| GB9305722.2 | 1993-03-19 | ||
| GB9307562.0 | 1993-04-13 | ||
| GB939307562A GB9307562D0 (en) | 1993-04-13 | 1993-04-13 | Animal feed supplement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994021140A1 true WO1994021140A1 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
Family
ID=26302621
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1994/000434 WO1994021140A1 (en) | 1993-03-19 | 1994-03-07 | Animal feed supplement |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO1994021140A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6422174B1 (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 2002-07-23 | Hiroshi Horikawa | Drinking water additive for birds and method of administering the same |
| CN102106463A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2011-06-29 | 上海大誉生物技术股份有限公司 | Microbial feed additives and preparation method thereof |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1069400A (en) * | 1965-11-10 | 1967-05-17 | Nagase & Co Ltd | Feed supplement for animals and production thereof |
| JPS61227790A (en) * | 1985-03-30 | 1986-10-09 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Extraction of glyceride oil from microbial cell containing same |
| GB2221829A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1990-02-21 | William Leslie Porter | Improvements in animal feed additives |
| EP0416892A1 (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-03-13 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Agents for the prevention and treatment of diarrhoea |
| JPH04248982A (en) * | 1991-02-04 | 1992-09-04 | Sagami Chem Res Center | Production of bacteria capable of photosynthesis containing highly unsaturated fatty acid |
| EP0522470A1 (en) * | 1991-07-11 | 1993-01-13 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Triglyceride-containing dry cell fragments and method of preparing them |
-
1994
- 1994-03-07 WO PCT/GB1994/000434 patent/WO1994021140A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1069400A (en) * | 1965-11-10 | 1967-05-17 | Nagase & Co Ltd | Feed supplement for animals and production thereof |
| JPS61227790A (en) * | 1985-03-30 | 1986-10-09 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Extraction of glyceride oil from microbial cell containing same |
| GB2221829A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1990-02-21 | William Leslie Porter | Improvements in animal feed additives |
| EP0416892A1 (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-03-13 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Agents for the prevention and treatment of diarrhoea |
| JPH04248982A (en) * | 1991-02-04 | 1992-09-04 | Sagami Chem Res Center | Production of bacteria capable of photosynthesis containing highly unsaturated fatty acid |
| EP0522470A1 (en) * | 1991-07-11 | 1993-01-13 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Triglyceride-containing dry cell fragments and method of preparing them |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Week 8647, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 86-308694 * |
| DATABASE WPI Week 9242, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 92-344715 * |
| SERPUI M. EKIZLERIAN ET AL.: "Mouse toxicity induced by lipids and cell walls isolated from Actinomycetes", THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 132, no. 9, 1986, pages 2647 - 2651 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6422174B1 (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 2002-07-23 | Hiroshi Horikawa | Drinking water additive for birds and method of administering the same |
| CN102106463A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2011-06-29 | 上海大誉生物技术股份有限公司 | Microbial feed additives and preparation method thereof |
| CN102106463B (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-12-05 | 杨永浩 | Microbial feed additives and preparation method thereof |
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