WO1994018895A1

WO1994018895A1 - A machine for automatic-removing skin with negative pressure

Info

Publication number: WO1994018895A1
Application number: PCT/CN1994/000015
Authority: WO
Inventors: Cheng Wang
Original assignee: Cheng Wang
Priority date: 1993-02-23
Filing date: 1994-02-23
Publication date: 1994-09-01
Also published as: CN1078879A; CN1045530C

Abstract

The invention discloses a machine for removing skin used in skin-graft operations. The said machine sucks skin onto a skin-removing plate for cutting by means of a vacuum produced by a negative pressure chamber, which consists of the inner chamber of the machine housing. A cutting blade is located between said skin-removing plate and a sucking opening provided at the bottom of the housing. A reciprocated movement of the blade is actuated by an air cylinder, besides, two movable beams cause the blade to move forward. The machine for removing skin according to the invention is easy to be sterilized, and makes the cutting movement stable, it not only meets the strict requirement of the operative hygiene, but also improves the quality of the whole removed skin.

Description

Manual Automatic Skinning Machine for Negative Pressure

The invention relates to a medical instrument, in particular to a skin extractor used in a surgical skin transplantation operation.

At present, the skin-removing machines used in surgical operations are nothing more than manual, electric, and drum-type. Some people have also designed the freezing type. In the prior art, there are always shortcomings in various aspects. They are mainly due to the shrinkage of the removed epidermis, uneven thickness of the edges, and the difficulty of planting the epidermis removed by freezing. In response to these problems, I submitted to the China Patent Office a copy of "Negative pressure automatic skin peeler" utility model patent application (application number: 92224345. x), this application is mainly designed by a method of vacuum absorption of human skin, the removed epidermis does not shrink and easy to live In the leather picker, in its technical solution, the negative pressure cavity is independently set under the hood of the conveyor. This requires a special negative pressure cavity, which is troublesome to manufacture and install. At the same time, the blade is exposedly installed on the negative Under the pressure cavity, this method of knife installation requires the skin absorbed on the mesh to be lifted upwards to start cutting. The thickness and shape of the peripheral edge of the removed epidermis are subject to human factors. This will inevitably affect the quality of the cuticles. In addition, the cuticles are adsorbed by the pores evenly distributed on the mesh. Therefore, the overall surface of the cuticles eventually removed will have unevenness, which also affects the surface. Take the quality of the leather; The walking motor drives the blade to make the feed motion, and the swing motor drives the blade to make the saw-type cutting motion, so the feed speed and swing frequency of the blade are adjusted. It is more difficult to adjust, and the peeling operation performed by the blade requires two motors to drive. Obviously, the driving method is more complicated. At the same time, because the motor is inconvenient for immersion disinfection, the utility model is not easy to meet the surgical hygiene requirements.

The object of the present invention is to provide a skin removal machine which can easily meet the hygienic requirements of surgery and can improve the overall quality of skin removal.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a negative pressure automatic peeling machine, which has a negative pressure cavity that absorbs skin and a blade for cutting, and is characterized in that the negative pressure cavity is formed by the bottom surface of the housing The inner cavity of the casing is provided with a suction port and a side wall is provided with a vacuum pipe joint to communicate the inside and the outside of the casing; a guide shaft provided in the casing is provided with a movable beam, and a working chamber of a cylinder connected to the movable beam passes through The hose is connected to a pipe joint provided on the casing. The pipe joint can communicate with the external compressed air. The piston rod working due to the introduction of compressed air will drive the blade provided thereon to reciprocate. The piston The lever also pushes the ratchet and pawl machine, and then drives the drag mechanism to pull the movable beam to translate along the guide axis, and the blade moves in parallel with the movable beam for feed movement. Above the suction port, a pickup plate is provided. The reason is that the cuticle is tightly and flatly adsorbed on the picking plate from the suction port, and the plane movement completed by the blade between the picking plate and the suction port is about to cut off the cuticle. In this case, the distance between the blade and the pickup board is constant.

The technical advantages of the present invention are concentrated in the following aspects: First, in the present invention, the cavity of the skin removal machine is used as the negative pressure cavity, and there is no need to make and install an independent negative pressure cavity. This structure Reasonable simplification makes the manufacturing easier. At the same time, the blade is installed in the machine. Between the skin pickup and the suction port, the skin around the skin absorbed from the suction port to the pickup panel is no longer held by the machine. Effect, thereby eliminating the influence of human factors, therefore, the shape of the peripheral edge of the removed skin is regular and the thickness is uniform. It also prevents the occurrence of unevenness on the surface of the skin, and the quality of the removed skin is objectively guaranteed.

Secondly, in the technical solution of the present invention, the movement of the blade and the feeding and cutting movement are driven only by an air cylinder, thereby replacing the motor driving method by a pneumatic method, and the driving method is improved; They are not afraid of solution immersion, so the cleaning and disinfection method of whole machine immersed in disinfection solution can be used to easily meet strict surgical hygiene requirements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along A-A in Fig. 1;

4 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 1;

5 is a sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 3;

Figure 6 is a blade installation diagram;

Figure 7 is the installation diagram of the flexible rope;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another embodiment of a ratchet claw mechanism;

9 and 10 are front sectional views of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of cutting with a pad in accordance with the present invention.

The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. Examples

It can be seen from Figures 1 and 2 that the shape of the leather removal machine is a square box-shaped box, with a handle for holding on the upper part, three pipe joints connected to one end of the casing (1), and pressure gas on both sides The pipe joint (23), the middle one is the vacuum pipe joint (22), which can be connected to the compressor and the vacuum pump respectively. 3 and 4 illustrate the overall structure of the present invention. The inner wall of the casing (1) forms a negative pressure cavity (2). When the vacuum tube joint (22) is connected to the vacuum pump to evacuate, the skin is pulled from the suction port.

(3) is adsorbed on the take-up board (20). A rectangular frame composed of two plate-shaped frame plates (34) and frame beams (35), which lays the frame flat on the casing through the slots on the inner walls of the casing (1) on both sides in FIG. 3 (1) Inner; The two guide shafts (4) are equal in diameter, and their two ends are fixed to two frame plates (34). Referring to FIG. 4, the two guide shafts (4) are symmetrically arranged and parallel to the bottom of the casing. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that a guide seat (5) penetrating the sleeve on the guide shaft (4) is used to support the connection movable beam (6), and a rectangular hole in the lower part of the guide seat (5) is used to fit on the guide shaft.

(4), and the two upper end surfaces flush with each other are aligned with the lower plane of the movable beam (6), and its shape is similar to that of the TT gantry crane; between the two guide seats (5), the movable beam (6) The middle part is suspendedly connected to a cylinder (7) through two vertically downward cylindrical coupling shafts (10). It is a single piston cylinder with two piston rods. The two working chambers of the cylinder (7) pass through two soft The pipe (24) is connected to two pipe joints (23), and the rod ends of its two piston rods (8) are connected to two vertical knife rods (11), which are located in the middle of the knife rod (11) and the nuts ( 29) Tighten, there are small holes at both ends of the blade (12), through which it is hooked to the lower end of the blade (11); see also Figures 3 and 4, the upper end of the blade (11) extends to the movable beam (6) Both ends are restricted in the notches at both ends, which prevents the blade (12) from rotating around the axis of the piston rod (8) due to skin resistance when cutting the blade (12). Occurrence naturally ensures that during the entire cutting process, the blade (12) always maintains the cutting motion in the same plane. On the other hand, the area of the leather plate (20) is larger than the area of the skin suction opening (3), and is a rectangular plate. The two ends of the leather plate (20) are placed at the slots opened at the bottom of the two rack plates (34). The notch can be moved slightly and downwardly. When the leather plate (20) is moved up to the highest position, its bottom surface is parallel to the cutting plane of the blade (12), which ensures that the thickness of the cut skin removed is uniform. In addition, in order to meet the different thickness of the epidermis required during surgery, the skin plate can be taken

The thickness of (20) is prepared in various specifications to ensure that the distance between the bottom surface of the leather plate (20) and the cutting plane of the blade (12) meets the requirements of the thickness of the skin when vacuuming the skin.

Based on the purpose of the reciprocating movement of the piston rod (8) as the power basis for the translational feed motion of the blade (12), a ratchet and pawl mechanism was first designed, which includes a ratchet hinged on the blade (11). The pawl (14) and a ratchet wheel (15) rotatable around a mandrel (16). The mandrel (16) is located between the movable beam (6) and the air cylinder (7). The ratchet pawl machine mainly solves the reciprocating movement. Conversion with slewing motion.

In order to finally convert the gap-type rotary motion of the ratchet wheel (15) into the translational feeding motion of the blade (12), the present invention also designs a drag mechanism, which is a drag blade (12) following the movable beam (6) and gas red (7) —The mechanism with the same translational movement as the best drag mechanism has two schemes:

The first is a rack and pinion mechanism composed of a gear (25) on a mandrel (16) and a rack (26) whose ends are fixed on two frame plates (34). The gear (25) can follow the ratchet (15) synchronous rotation;

Second, it is composed of a flexible rope (27) wound around a hub (28) sleeved on a mandrel (16). The flexible rope (27) is a thin steel wire, and its two ends are fixed to two frame boards. (34) on.

In order to fix and install the mandrel (16), a coupling support plate (9) is placed flat at both ends of the cylinder body in the direction of the cylinder body of the cylinder (7), and its plate surface is parallel to the movable beam (6).

In order to enable the blade (.12) to automatically and smoothly retreat after completing the translation cutting, two ratchet pawl mechanisms are designed in the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, in the figure, the U-shaped frame (13) is fixed on the cutter bar (11) by bolts (32) and nuts (31). However, the two pawls (14) are hinged on the ends of the rods on both sides, and the figure shows a working state where the ratchet pawls are in contact. In this state, the Π-type lever (18) The left pawl pushes the left pawl (14) away from the matching ratchet (15). The ratchet has been cut away in the figure, and the right pawl (14) contacts the ratchet (15) under the action of the spring (17). on. When the lever (18) is pushed to make it in the other two positions, the previously inoperative ratchet and pawl mechanism starts to work or both mechanisms are in a non-working state.

The above-mentioned TT-type lever (18) can be punched out of a book plate, and its crossbars are located in the notches on the upper ends of the rods on both sides of the U-shaped frame (13), as shown in Figure 3. The middle part of one side is composed of three adjacent wavy circular solitary curves, and the positioning shaft (19) passes through it, and the positioning pin (19) is fixed under the cross bar of the shift lever (18) and is connected with the U-shaped frame ( 13) On the connected support plate (38), the spring body of the spring (33) is pressed against the positioning pin shaft (19), and its two ends are fixed to the two ends of the bar-shaped hole in the middle of the crossbar of the lever (18) Under the action of the spring (33), an arc curve in the bar-shaped hole on the lever (18) contacts the positioning pin (19), and the lever (18) is well defined in this position. This ensures that the ratchet pawl mechanism works in the selected state, and which ratchet pawl mechanism is required to work, only the position of the shift lever (18) can be adjusted.

In the present invention, the scheme of taking out the skin-removing plate (20) with the cut skin attached is as follows:

By removing the detachable bottom panel, and then taking out the leather plate (20), in this solution, one side of the square bottom plate and the bottom of a side wall of the casing (1) are hinged on a single page, on the opposite side It is fixed and the seal is filled at the joint of the two, so that the normal working of the negative pressure cavity can be guaranteed. The size and shape of the suction port (3) on the bottom plate can be designed according to the needs of the operation.

Figure 6 shows the installation structure of the blade (12). The two ends of the blade (12) have small square holes; the lower end of the left blade (11) has a slightly convex square table, and its sides and the lower end of the right blade (11). The lower end of the T-bolt (21) connected to the convex platform is symmetrical and dovetail-shaped. When the blade (Z8. 03. 94)

(12) When placed on the boss and stretched by adjusting the T-bolt (21) and nut (30), the blade (12) is firmly installed on the shank (11). .

It can be seen from FIG. 7 that the hexagonal end of the hollow bolt (36) is located on the outside of the frame plate (34), the hollow bolt (36) is provided with a through-hole in the axial direction, and the small diameter section of the thrust circular table (37) starts from the hollow The hexagonal end of the bolt (36) is inserted into its hole, and its circular table surface abuts on the hexagonal end face of the hollow bolt (36). The thrust circular table (37) can rotate in the hole of the hollow screw (36). The steel wire rope as the flexible rope (27) passes through the axial through hole of the hollow bolt (36) and the thrust circular table (37) in order from the inside to the outside of the frame plate (34), and from the thrust circular table (37) ) The large straight section of the platform body passes through the radially opened through hole and then bends. This structure can easily

'The end of the wire rope is fixed. When the steel wire rope is loose and needs to be tightened, just turn the hexagon of the hollow bolt (36) to make the thrust circular table (37) away from the frame plate (34), and the steel wire rope will be tightened.

In the above embodiment, the ratchet pawl machine described above uses the structure of two pawls to realize the advance and retreat of the blade. Another structure is described below.

As shown in FIG. 8, the bracket (13) is fixed on the knife holder (11) and spans from the side of the guide seat (5). The end of the bracket (13) has a pawl (14), and the bracket (13) Spring on back

(17), which matches both the pawl (14) and the ratchet (15). The reciprocating movement of the piston rod (8) drives the pawl (14) to push the ratchet (15) into a gap-type rotary motion. The coupling shaft (10) is provided with a check pawl (39), and a spring (41) is provided on the check pawl (39). Its claw end is matched with the ratchet wheel (15) and restricts the ratchet wheel (15) to be single. Turn back. When the movable beam (6) needs to be retracted, the pawl (14) and the check pawl (39) should be separated from the ratchet (15). This is accomplished by setting a dial (40). The dial (40) and ratchet (15) ) And the gear (25) are fixed on a mandrel (16) located between the movable beam (6) and the coupling support plate (9). Push the joystick on the dial (40)

(40a), the dial (40) rotates and its side pushes the short post (39a) on the backstop claw (39),

— 7—

REIFIED SHEET (RULE 91) Thereby, the check pawl (39) is pushed away from the ratchet wheel (15), and at the same time, the small short post (40b) on the dial plate (40) will disengage the toggle pawl (14) from the ratchet wheel (15).

The following describes two other coupling structures of the housing bottom plate.

One is shown in FIG. 9. There are four hanging pins (44) on the bottom plate (la) of the housing, which are distributed at the four corners of the bottom plate (la). The hook (43), the hanging pin (44) and the solitary hook (43) are linked with each other. The sealing ring (42) is located in a groove at the bottom of the housing (1). Second, as shown in FIG. 10, the bottom plate (la) of the housing is adsorbed by four vacuum suction cups (46). The suction cups (46) are located at the four corners of the cavity. The suction cups (46) are made of rubber. There is a through hole in the center that communicates with the external vacuum pump source. When the vacuum pump source is turned on, the casing bottom plate (la) is attracted by the suction plate (46). It is attracted to the bottom end surface of the casing (1), and the casing bottom plate (la) A sealing ring (42) is provided between the housing and the housing (1) for sealing.

In the above-mentioned knots, the guide shaft (4) and the frame plate (34) constitute a frame frame, which is placed in the negative pressure cavity, and the two frame plates (34) are fixed to the neck portion of the negative pressure cavity.

Sometimes, the shape of the epidermis required for surgery is irregular, and simply changing the shape of the suction port on the bottom plate (la) of the housing cannot meet the surgical requirements. The technical solution to solve this problem is shown in Figure 11: A pad (45) is provided on the leather plate (20), which faces the suction port (3). This pad (45) is made of non-toxic non-metal material and is easily cut by a blade. Cut it into the corresponding shape according to the surgical requirements. When cutting and removing the skin, only the skin directly contacting the skin taking plate (20) is cut by the blade (12), and the skin directly attached to the pad (45) 45 Since it is blocked by the pad (45) and not cut, the blade just cuts through the pad (45).

The control system of the negative pressure automatic skinning machine disclosed in the present invention includes an electromagnetic threshold, a control circuit, a vacuum pump, and a compressor. The principle is well known to ordinary engineering technicians. Its implementation is a conventional design, so it will not be repeated here.

Claims

Rights request

1. A negative pressure automatic peeling machine, which has a negative pressure cavity (2) that absorbs skin and a cutting blade (12), which is characterized in that: the negative pressure cavity (2) is opened by a suction on the bottom surface of the casing The mouth (3) is provided with a vacuum tube joint (22) on the shell wall, and the inner cavity of the casing (1) communicating with the inside and outside of the casing is formed; two guide shafts (4) provided in the casing (1) A movable beam (6) is provided thereon, and the two working chambers of the air cylinder (7) connected to the movable beam (6) are connected to the two pipe joints (23) provided on the casing (1) through a hose (24). The piston rod (8) drives the blade (12) close to the suction port (3) for reciprocating movement, and the piston rod (8) also pushes the ratchet and pawl mechanism provided to drive the traction of the drag mechanism The beam (6) is translated along the guide shaft (4), and the blade (12) also moves in parallel with the movable beam (6); a leather pickup plate (20) is provided above the blade (12), and when the vacuum is applied, the blade The cutting plane of (12) is parallel to the bottom surface of the leather plate (20).

2. The negative-pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two guide shafts (4) are arranged on two frame plates (34) in parallel, and the two frame plates (34) and two The square frame formed by the frame beam (35) is placed in the casing (1).

3. The negative-pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the peeling plate (20) having an area larger than the suction opening (3) is a rectangular plate body, the two ends of which are placed in two The slot at the bottom of the frame plate (34) can be moved up and down in the slot. The bottom surface of the leather plate (20) is moved to the highest position, and its bottom surface is parallel to the cutting plane of the blade (12).

4. The negative-pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the movable beam (6) is fixed to two guide seats respectively threaded on the guide shaft (4).

(5), the ends of the two piston rods (8) of the double-acting cylinder (7) integrated with the movable beam (6) are provided with a knife rod (11) in the vertical direction, and the blade (12) is installed on the two blades. Under the rod (11)

5. The negative-pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: said ratchet pawl mechanism is a pawl (14) hingedly supported on a cutter bar (11) and a movable beam ( 6) A ratchet wheel (15) rotating with a mandrel (16) provided between the double-acting cylinder (7) is formed.

6 .; The negative pressure automatic leather peeling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: a gear formed by a rack (26) provided between the gear (25) and the two frame plates (34) Rack and pinion mechanism.

7. The negative pressure automatic leather peeling machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: a flexible rope (27) is formed around the hub (28), and both ends of the flexible rope (27) are fixed to the two machines. On the shelf plate (34).

8. The negative-pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: the guide shafts (4) are located on the same water surface, the movable beam (6) is located above and the beam body is parallel to the horizontal plane; the air cylinder (7) Cantilevered on the movable beam (6) through the connecting support plate (9) and the two connecting shafts (10), the piston rod (8) extends below the guide seat (5); The threaded ends pass through the middle of the shank (11) and are connected by a nut (29), and the upper ends of the two shanks (11) extend into the slots opened at both ends of the movable beam (6).

9. The negative pressure automatic skin pickup machine according to claim 8, characterized in that:

The end of the side bar of the U-shaped frame (13); the mandrel (16) is vertically arranged between the movable beam (6) and the connecting support plate (9).

10. The negative-pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 9, wherein: The ends of the rods on both sides of the U-shaped frame (13) are hinged with pawls (14), and they are different from the two ratchets (15) set on the mandrel (16) into a spider-wheel pawl mechanism.

11. The negative pressure automatic leather picking machine according to claim 10, characterized in that: the U-shaped frame (13) is provided with a type II shift lever (18), and the gear position where the shift lever (18) is located The pawls (14) may be respectively in contact with or separated from the ratchets (15).

12. The negative-pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 11, characterized in that: the crossbars of the Π-shaped lever (18) are placed flat in slots formed in the ends of the rods on both sides of the U-shaped frame (13). A bar-shaped hole is formed in the middle of the crossbar. The middle of one side of the hole is composed of three adjacent wavy circular solitary curves. The springs (33) fixed at both ends of the bar-shaped hole are pressed against the hole and U On the relatively fixed positioning shaft (19) of the profile frame (13), the two shifting legs of the II-type shift lever (18) are in contact with the inside of the pawl (14) acted by the return spring (17).

13. The negative pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the guide shaft (4) and the frame plate (34) form a frame body, and the frame plate (34) and negative pressure The neck of the cavity is fixed.

14. The negative pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: said ratchet and pawl mechanism comprises a frame (13) fixed on the cutter bar (11), and a pawl ( 14), the spring (17) on the frame (13) is pressed against the pawl (14), the pawl (14) cooperates with the ratchet (15), and the check pawl (39) is affected by the spring (41) and cooperates with the ratchet (15) When the dial plate (40) rotates around the shaft (16), the pawl (14) and the check pawl (39) are disengaged from the ratchet wheel (15), respectively.

15. The negative-pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: four corners of the bottom plate (la) of the casing are provided with hanging pins (44), which are connected to respective bottoms of the two frame plates (34). The shape-shaped hook (43) cooperates with the sealing ring (42) between the bottom of the casing (1) and the bottom plate (la) of the casing.

16. The negative pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the four corners inside the cavity of the casing (1) are provided with vacuum suction cups (46), and the center of the suction cup (46) has a through hole and The vacuum pump source is in communication, the suction plate (46) sucks the bottom plate (la) of the casing, and a sealing ring (42) is arranged between the bottom plate (la) of the casing and the bottom of the casing (1).

17. The negative pressure automatic peeling machine according to claim 1, wherein a pad (45) capable of cutting with a blade is provided on the picking plate (20), which faces the suction port (3) and the pad ( 45) Use non-toxic non-metallic materials, and easily perform high temperature disinfection.