WO1994012589A1 - Boue de forage - Google Patents

Boue de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994012589A1
WO1994012589A1 PCT/GB1992/002192 GB9202192W WO9412589A1 WO 1994012589 A1 WO1994012589 A1 WO 1994012589A1 GB 9202192 W GB9202192 W GB 9202192W WO 9412589 A1 WO9412589 A1 WO 9412589A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drilling fluid
oil
drilling
emulsion
linear alkyl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1992/002192
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Brankling
Original Assignee
Oilfield Chemical Technology Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB919116277A external-priority patent/GB9116277D0/en
Priority to GB9215569A priority Critical patent/GB2258258B/en
Application filed by Oilfield Chemical Technology Limited filed Critical Oilfield Chemical Technology Limited
Priority to PCT/GB1992/002192 priority patent/WO1994012589A1/fr
Publication of WO1994012589A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994012589A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
    • C09K8/34—Organic liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
    • C09K8/36—Water-in-oil emulsions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to drilling fluid for use in the drilling of wells.
  • Drilling fluids are circulated down a wellbore during well drilling operations.
  • the fluid is usually pumped down a central drillstring, passes through the drill bit into the wellbore and then returns to the surface.
  • the fluid is then recovered, solid materials extracted, processed and reused.
  • Drilling fluids are required to remove rock cuttings generated during the boring process, to lubricate and cool the drill bit and maintain the integrity of the hole. Physical properties of the drilling fluid such as viscosity, density, salinity and filtrate loss may be modified by chemical addition as necessary.
  • a second problem with water based drilling fluids which is particularly prevalent in the North Sea is the drilling of so called "salt stringers " . These intervals comprise regions of high concentrations of water soluble salts such as sodium, magnesium and potassium chloride which will dissolve in the drilling fluid and lead to hole enlargement, washout and general failure of the wellbore.
  • salt saturated solutions in which a soluble salt, usually sodium chloride, is dissolved at maximum concentration in the aqueous medium and used as the drilling fluid base.
  • a soluble salt usually sodium chloride
  • salt saturated solutions are expensive, have limitations on the density range which may be used and limit the number of additives which may be used to control the properties of the drilling fluid.
  • a second and more widely applied solution involves the use of oil based drilling fluids which are usually formulated with mineral oils. These fluids comprise a salt-containing aqueous phase which is tightly emulsified into an external oil phase by the use of suitable surfactants.
  • Oil based drilling fluids therefore present to the surface of drilled rocks an inert oil phase which will not hydrate shale nor dissolve salt. Further, cuttings recovered from oil based fluids are covered with a thin film of oil which prevent hydration and breakage.
  • Oil based drilling fluids have a much wider range of density, rheology, thermal stability and application than salt saturated or water based fluids and are widely used.
  • Low toxicity oils are produced by a series of fractionation and occasionally solvent extraction/precipitation processes from crude oils and hence contain a broad range of molecular structures only a small number of which are biodegradable.
  • hydrocarbons having similar structures to mineral oil may be prepared synthetically by polymerisation of ethylene or other unsaturated gases and liquids in manufacturing processes such as the Shell higher olefins process (SHOP).
  • SHOP Shell higher olefins process
  • PAO polyalphaolefins
  • oil component of an oil based drilling fluid should have a high flash point to ensure safety in use and a low freezing point to enable liquid handling under the low temperatures experienced during winter use or in low temperature regions of the world.
  • the flash point of a polyalphaolefin increases as the molecular weight increases but unfortunately the freezing point also rapidly increases such that liquid handling becomes difficult.
  • polyalphaolefins contain a reactive unsaturate terminal grouping which is prone to oxidation, polymerisation and undesirable reactions which can lead to a change in the physical properties of the fluid and could cause problems during the drilling process.
  • drilling fluid comprising an emulsion whose continuous phase comprises a linear alkyl benzene (LAB).
  • LAB linear alkyl benzene
  • the LAB is selected to replace the mineral oil content of conventional oil based drilling fluids in which the oil phase may consist of napththenic, paraffinic and aromatic oils such as diesel, refined base oils, liquid paraffins and polyalphaolefins.
  • Linear alkyl benzenes provide a high flash point, low freezing point, stable liquid of good biodegradability which can be advantageously used to replace mineral oil in drilling fluid.
  • the resultant drilling fluid may be used to replace conventional "clean oil" drilling muds but is inherently biodegradable and may be treated or disposed of safely to the surrounding environment.
  • n is an integer from 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 30 and most preferably 4 to 20.
  • Suitable compounds may for example be produced by the reaction of chlorinated paraffins or olefins with benzene in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalyst, or the direct reaction of polyalphaolefin with benzene in the presence of hydrogen fluoride.
  • the resultant LAB may then be used as the external phase of an oil based emulsion at preferable oil/water ratios varying from 25/75 to 100/0.
  • Additives may be included in the fluid such as fluid loss additives, weighting agents such as barite and haematite, and speciality polymers.
  • Gelling agents, viscosity-controlling agents and water-soluble salts may also be present, and hydrocarbon oil and oil-soluble ester may be included in the continuous phase of the emulsion.
  • the emulsified water content of the drilling fluid may contain dissolved salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium acetate or any other soluble material added to adjust the resultant salt solution and drilling fluid density or to change the brine properties to enhance drilling.
  • dissolved salts such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium acetate or any other soluble material added to adjust the resultant salt solution and drilling fluid density or to change the brine properties to enhance drilling.
  • the emulsifion may also contain natural brines such as sea water, aquifier fluids or may be fresh water of minimal dissolved salt content.
  • a component of the drilling fluid composition is preferably a surfactant which emulsifies the aqueous phase into the LAB and may typically be an organic acid, amide, ethoxylate, a ine, phosphate, propoxylate or combination thereof.
  • the flash point of a series of liquid hydrocarbons has been measured by a closed cup technique in conjunction with an observed melting point (freezing temperature) for each material and kinematic viscosity at 40°C.
  • the precursor polyalphaolefins exhibit much higher freezing points at equivalent flash points which may cause problems in liquid handling under typical field conditions.
  • Drilling fluid emulsions in which linear alkyl benzene is used to replace the oil content of a conventional clean oil system have been prepared according to the procedure below.
  • An invert emulsion mud was prepared by mixing the following material quantities together on a Silverson blender at room temperature:
  • the prepared fluids were then hot rolled at 121°C for 16 hours and mixed properties remeasured.
  • Linear alkyl benzenes obtained from Shell Chemicals under the trade names Dobane 83 and Dobane 103 were compared with a conventional "clean oil" from Shell branded as Shellsol DMA.
  • a drilling fluid was prepared using Dobane 83 a C 8 - C 13 linear alkyl benzene available from Shell Chemicals UK Ltd.
  • a drilling fluid was prepared using Dobane 103 a C 10 - C 13 linear alkyl benzene available from Shell Chemicals UK Ltd.
  • a drilling fluid of 50/50 Shellsol DMA (prior art)/water ratio was prepared by blending the following materials on a Silverson emulsifier:
  • a drilling fluid according to the formulation given in Comparative Example 2 was produced using Dobane 83 in place of Shellsol DMA.
  • a drilling fluid according to the formulation in Comparative Example 2 was produced using Dobane 103 in place of Shellsol DMA.
  • Example 2 In comparison with Example 2 using a higher 60/40 oil/water ratio the 50/50 emulsion produced shows an emulsion electrical stability of similar value, that is of enhanced performance compared to the prior art clean oil system of Comparative Example 2.
  • Linear alkyl benzene therefore demonstrates improved stability in high water content drilling fluids and produces fluids of satisfactory rheology, fluid loss and thermal stability suitable for drilling operations.
  • a drilling fluid was prepared using PETRELAB P 400, a linear alkyl benzene of C 10 - C 2 alkyl side chain produced by Petroquimica Expanola (PETRESA) of Spain and commercially available as a detergent alkylate.
  • PETRELAB P 400 a linear alkyl benzene of C 10 - C 2 alkyl side chain produced by Petroquimica Expanola (PETRESA) of Spain and commercially available as a detergent alkylate.
  • the formulation was compared against the base oil BP 83HF, a conventional clean oil produced by BP Chemicals.
  • Oil Phase Alkyl benzene P 400 Clean Oil BP 83HF BHR AHR BHR AHR Apparent viscosity/cP 92 93 65 79 Yield point/Pa 12.5 27.8 10.6 17.3 Plastic viscosity/cP 79 64 54 61 Gels/Pa 4.8/8.2 4.8/9.1 2.9/4.8 3.8/6. Electrical stability/V 418 580 460 561 Fluid loss at: 500 psi/121°C - 4.4 ml - 7.6 ml
  • alkylbenzene P 400 gives improved rheology (increased yield point and gel strengths) and improved fluid loss control.
  • Aerobic degradation is evaluated according to OECD method 301B, the "Modified Sturm test” where degradation in aqueous solution is monitored by following the evaluation of carbon dioxide with time.
  • Aerobic biodegradation is therefore seen to be rapid and reaches a high value within the testing time frame

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition de boue de forage dans laquelle la phase continue d'une émulsion appropriée au forage contient du benzène d'alkyle linéaire.
PCT/GB1992/002192 1991-07-27 1992-11-26 Boue de forage WO1994012589A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9215569A GB2258258B (en) 1991-07-27 1992-07-22 Drilling fluid
PCT/GB1992/002192 WO1994012589A1 (fr) 1991-07-27 1992-11-26 Boue de forage

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919116277A GB9116277D0 (en) 1991-07-27 1991-07-27 Drilling fluid emulsion composition
PCT/GB1992/002192 WO1994012589A1 (fr) 1991-07-27 1992-11-26 Boue de forage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994012589A1 true WO1994012589A1 (fr) 1994-06-09

Family

ID=26299300

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1992/002192 WO1994012589A1 (fr) 1991-07-27 1992-11-26 Boue de forage

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1994012589A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003527315A (ja) * 1999-07-06 2003-09-16 サソル テクノロジー （ピーティーワイ）リミテッド フィッシャー−トロプシュ法生成物のメタセシス生成物の使用

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0247801A2 (fr) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-02 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Fluide de forage
GB2258258A (en) * 1991-07-27 1993-02-03 David Brankling Drilling fluid emulsion composition

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0247801A2 (fr) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-02 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Fluide de forage
GB2258258A (en) * 1991-07-27 1993-02-03 David Brankling Drilling fluid emulsion composition

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003527315A (ja) * 1999-07-06 2003-09-16 サソル テクノロジー （ピーティーワイ）リミテッド フィッシャー−トロプシュ法生成物のメタセシス生成物の使用

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