WO1994003802A1 - Instrument permettant de determiner la fraction aqueuse dans un flux d'hydrocarbures liquides meme en presence de gaz - Google Patents

Instrument permettant de determiner la fraction aqueuse dans un flux d'hydrocarbures liquides meme en presence de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994003802A1
WO1994003802A1 PCT/IT1993/000087 IT9300087W WO9403802A1 WO 1994003802 A1 WO1994003802 A1 WO 1994003802A1 IT 9300087 W IT9300087 W IT 9300087W WO 9403802 A1 WO9403802 A1 WO 9403802A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tubular element
impedance
measurement
probe
pipe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT1993/000087
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paolo Andreussi
Sandro Pintus
Original Assignee
Consorzio Pisa Ricerche
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Consorzio Pisa Ricerche filed Critical Consorzio Pisa Ricerche
Publication of WO1994003802A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994003802A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/226—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2823—Raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an instrument for the determination of the water fraction in a stream of liquid hydrocarbons also in the presence of gas.
  • the present invention relates to an instrument for the determination of the fraction by weight of water in a stream of hydrocarbons in a liquid state also when in the presence of an undissolved gas phase.
  • the instrument according to the present invention makes possible the measurement of the fraction of water in the fluids extracted from oil or natural gas wells and can constitute one of the components of an integrated system which makes possible, instantaneously and without having to proceed to the separation of the single phases, the measurement of the fractions by volume or by weight in a mixture formed by water/liquid hydrocarbon/gas.
  • the equipment according to the present invention is able to provide said value autonomously, without the necessity of further additional measurements.
  • the instrument in question consists of a probe which includes a tubular element in conductive material wherein the two-phase or three-phase (water-hydrocarbon or water-hydrocarbon-gas) mixture flows along the axis of said tubular element, a first and a second electrode placed along the generatrix of the cylinder, composed of the internal wall of said tubular element, said first and second electrode being electrically insulated with respect to the walls of said tubular element and electrically connected to connectors placed inside said tubular element; the disposition being such that three impedances are defined respectively composed of a first parasitic impedance between said first electrode and said tubular element; a second parasitic impedance between said second electrode and said tubular element; and a third impedance between said first and second electrode, the value of which is directly correlated to the fluid present in the probe, and an impedance meter placed for measuring the modulus and phase of said third impedance providing data which can be correlated, in a known way, to the composition of the mixture present
  • - figure 1 shows a probe of the capacitive type according to known technology
  • - figure 2 shows the general arrangement of the measurement probe according to the present invention
  • - figure 3 shows the electric diagram of the probe and of the relative principle of measurement in relation to a specific measuring instrument
  • - figure 4 shows a simplified block diagram of a system of characterization of fluid mixtures incorporating the probe according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5A and 5B show the patterns of the field lines in two different embodiments of the probe according to the invention.
  • figure 6 shows a double probe measurement arrangement
  • FIG. 7 and 8 illustrate a possible different embodiment of the measuring instrument with respect to that shown in figure 3.
  • FIG 1 a probe of capacitive type according to known technology is shown, illustrated by the publication PCT WO 90/02941 in the name of CHR MICHELSENS INSTITUT, Norway.
  • the probe comprises an external conducting pipe 1, a first dielectric liner 2, a pair of electrodes 3,4 and a second dielectric liner 5.
  • the field lines have the pattern shown in 6 by dashed lines, and the measurement is carried out on rheophores 7,8,9.
  • the field lines 6 lie on leads perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe 1.
  • the above-cited publication illustrates in detail the modalities of measurement by means of the probe shown in figure 1.
  • FIG 2 the principle structure of the measurement probe according to the present invention is shown. This comprises the structure indicated in its whole in 10, mounted between connecting flanges 11,12 for tubular elements 13,14 wherein the mixture whose characteristics are to be determined flows.
  • the body 10 is composed of an element of contacting material, such as stainless steel, provided with shoulders 15,16 which engage corresponding shoulders formed in the flanges 11,12 to assure a correct centering the body 10 with respect to the flanges 11, 12.
  • a cavity 17 is formed wherein a pair of annular electrodes 18,19 connected to external rheophores 20,21 are mounted.
  • the annular electrodes 18,19 are locked inside the cavity 17 by means of dielectric material preferably of low leakage type such as an epoxy resin.
  • the internal diameter D of the structure is constant, both near the tubular elements 13,14 as well as near the measurement electrodes, in order to not introduce disturbances into the flow of the mixture being measured. Furthermore it is important to know that the electrodes 18,19 are physically in contact with the (liquid) mixture whose composition is to be determined.
  • figure 3 an electric diagram is shown of the probe described with reference to figure 2, and of the relative principle of measurement referred to a specific, commercially available, measurement instrument, such as the HP 4285 A impedance meter put on the market by Hewlett-Packard, U.S.A..
  • a specific, commercially available, measurement instrument such as the HP 4285 A impedance meter put on the market by Hewlett-Packard, U.S.A..
  • the geometric proportions in figure 3 are different from those in figure 2, though identical reference numbers indicate corresponding parts.
  • the probe in question can be considered a three-terminal device: ring 18, ring 19 and s ield 10 consisting of the probe body itself in electrically conductive material. Between the terminals 20,21 (respectively connected to the ring 18 and the ring 19) and the body 10 it can be assumed that three impedances respectively indicated with Z1,Z2, and Z12 are connected.
  • the impedance meter represented schematically in the lower part of figure 3, is able to measure the single impedance Z12, the value of which is directly correlated to the fluid present in the probe, minimizing the effects of the parasitic impedances Zl and Z2.
  • the probe has resistive, inductive and capacitive components, if the frequency at which the measurement is carried out is on the order of 10 MHz., it can be assimilated to a capacitance with a resistance in parallel.
  • the choice of the frequency at which to operate the probe in question is determined by the fact that the maximum sensitivity is obtained when the resistive and reactive components of the impedance assume values that are close to one another and therefore when the phase of the impedance Z12 is about -45°.
  • the system is composed of only two liquid phases (hydrocarbons and water) , from the capacitance value, given the dielectric constants of the phases, the percentage of water can be obtained.
  • the continuous phase is composed of water, known its conductivity, it is also possible to derive the water-cut from the conductance value.
  • FIG 4 the simplified block diagram is shown of a system for characterization of the fluid mixture incorporating the probe according to the present invention. As can be seen in this figure, along a generic pipe
  • a homogenizer 21 followed by the probe 22 according to the invention, followed by a meter 23 of average density of the fluid made in a known way by means of a. gamma- densitometer or a meter of the static column, followed finally by a venturi meter 24 connected to a transducer 25 which transforms pressure into an electric signal.
  • the probe 22 is connected to the impedance meter 26 which was previously referred to.
  • the signals coming from the impedance meter 26, from the average density meter 23 and from the pressure transducer 25 are respectively conducted on lines 27,28, 29, to a data processing unit 30 which is part of a computer 31.
  • equation 1 is valid for dispersions of water in oil
  • equation 2 is valid for dispersions of oil in water.
  • the two cases are distinguished on the basis of the conductance value measured by means of the instrument 26 and the probe 22, as shown in figure 4.
  • C dd dielectric constant of the three-phase mixture, or capacitance measured during the three-phase outflow
  • the water-cut value read by the impedance probe can be corrected. Said correction is expressed at first in the calculation of the dielectric constant o. m °f the single liquid phase
  • the system comprising the mixer, the impedance probe and the mean density meter can be coupled with a venturi meter for the measurement also of the flowrates of the three phases.
  • FIGS 5A, 5B a different geometry of the probe is illustrated, in which figure 5A corresponds to the geometry shown in figure 2, whereas figure 5B shows a similar structure but with "distant rings".
  • numbers identical to those of figure 2 indicate corresponding parts.
  • LI and L2 the pattern of the field lines correlated with the single impedance Z12 is indicated schematically. This constitutes a further applicative development of the probe based on the fact that, even from the phenomenal point of view, the response depends both on the distance between the electrodes as well as on the outflow configuration of the three-phase water/liquid hydrocarbon/gaseous hydrocarbon mixture.
  • a probe with "near" rings (x ⁇ 0,2, figure 5A) will provide with respect to a probe with "distant” rings (x > 2, figure 5B) , stronger signals which can also be correlated with a measurement capacitance which can be considered localized not only in an axial sense but also radially, since the electromagnetic field lines will tend to close in on the electrodes affecting only the peripheral area of the pipe.
  • a "near" ring probe In the absence of mixing elements, that is favouring a condition of liquid outflow at the wall (with the gaseous phase concentrated around the axis of the spool) a "near" ring probe carries out a measurement which is uninfluenced by the content of the gas and therefore which can be directly correlated with the effective water-cut value, similarly to the already described case of two-phase liquid-liquid outflow. From this standpoint such a probe preceding the mixture can substitute the average density meter.
  • the system for the determination of the volume fractions of the three-phase mixture is therefore represented schematically in figure 6 which shows a double-probe measurement structure.
  • the structure shown in figure 6 comprises a first probe indicated generically with 60 and the second probe indicated generically with 61 having electrical and mechanical structures identical to those illustrated and described with reference to figure 2.
  • a section of pipe 62 is interposed filled with static mixing elements of a type well known to persons skilled in the art.
  • the void fraction and therefore the volume of each component can be directly determined.
  • the impedance probes according to the present invention are more versatile in that: the electric field lines being essentially longitudinal, it is possible to obtain both "local” indications (at the wall) and “global” indications on the fluid piston, of a composition of the two- or three-phase mixture;
  • the output of groups 104,105 is therefore applied to respective conditioning amplifiers 106,107, on the output of which respectively signals Vg and Vb are available and directly proportional to quantities Gx and Bx, previously identified, except for a proportionality constant.
  • the probe to which the admittance meter is connected can be considered a three-terminal device: ring 1, ring 2, and the screen; between the above mentioned terminals it can be assumed that three impedances Z1,Z12,Z2 are in place in a "pi" structure (figure 7) .
  • the object is to measure only one of thes*-*:,- the Z12, the value of which is that most directly related to the fluid present in the probe; the other two are parasitic impedances whose effects need to be
  • the admittance value of 212 can be derived from the measurement of I-u
  • Conditions 1 and 2 are obtained by making respectively an ideal tension generator 100 and a current- ideal tension converter 101.
  • the signal VI has an amplitude inversely proportional to the unknown impedance modulus and a phase shift with respect to the reference signal correlated with the unknown impedance phase Zx. Therefore it contains all the information necessary for extracting the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance being measured.
  • the converter 1-V 101 is responsible for producing an amplitude voltage and a phase shift (with respect to that of the oscillator (100) corresponding to the modulus and the phase of the admittance being measured.
  • the converter 1-V is a transresistive amplifier which must have an input impedance tending to zero. For its realization a feedback circuit composed of an (inverting) amplifier with a negative voltage feedback was used.
  • Each of the two amplifier-phase shifters 102,103 makes possible the variation of the amplitude of the reference signal applied to it and allows for the correct relations of the phases to be set up at the inputs of the multipliers 104,105, in a way that compensates possible phase shifts introduced by the amplifiers themselves and/or by the current-voltage converter.
  • the final stages which must provide the voltages which correlate with the real and imaginary parts of the admittance being measured, consist of two multipliers 105, 106. Practically these stages were realized with two four-quadrant multipliers 104,105 of large bandwidth: each of them can provide in output the product of the two input signals, whatever their signs may be. Given that the input signals of each multiplier have the same frequency, on the outputs, a signal proportional to the difference of the frequencies, that is a continuous tension, as a function of the phase shift of the inputs, as well as a signal proportional to the sum of the frequencies will be contemporaneously present. The signal corresponding to the summation of the frequencies must be eliminated, and to accomplish this a low-pass filter is provided for.

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Abstract

Un instrument, qui permet de déterminer la fraction aqueuse dans un flux d'hydrocarbures liquides même en présence de gaz, comprend une sonde dotée d'un élément tubulaire réalisé en un matériau conducteur, dans lequel s'écoule le mélange à deux ou trois phases (eau-hydrocarbures ou eau-hydrocarbures-gaz). Il comprend aussi une première et une deuxième électrode, placées le long des directrices du cylindre constitué par la paroi interne de cet élément tubulaire et isolées électriquement par rapport à la paroi dudit élément et connectées électriquement à des connecteurs placés hors de l'élément. Cette configuration permet de définir trois impédances, à savoir respectivement une première impédance parasitaire entre la première électrode et l'élément tubulaire, une deuxième impédance parasitaire entre la deuxième électrode et l'élément tubulaire, et une troisième impédance entre les deux électrodes et dont la valeur est directement liée au fluide présent dans la sonde. De plus, il est prévu un impédancemètre permettant de mesurer le module et la phase de cette troisième impédance, ce qui fournit des données qu'on peut corréler, de façon bien connue, avec la composition du mélange présent dans la sonde.
PCT/IT1993/000087 1992-08-05 1993-08-03 Instrument permettant de determiner la fraction aqueuse dans un flux d'hydrocarbures liquides meme en presence de gaz WO1994003802A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITFI920166A IT1258181B (it) 1992-08-05 1992-08-05 Apparecchiatura per la determinazione della frazione d'acqua in una corrente di idrocarburi luquidi anche in presenza di gas
ITFI92A000166 1992-08-05

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2291202A (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-01-17 Texaco Development Corp Method and apparatus for measuring the water fraction in a multiphase fluid flow
EP0701129A1 (fr) * 1994-09-07 1996-03-13 Texaco Development Corporation Mesure des fractions d'eau et de gaz dans un écoulement de fluide multiphasique
EP0936462A2 (fr) * 1998-02-17 1999-08-18 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Méthode et appareil pour la mesure de la teneur de gas volumétriques
WO2004096974A2 (fr) * 2003-05-02 2004-11-11 Lmb Technologie Gmbh Procede et dispositif pour determiner rapidement une charge bacterienne dans du sang et des produits sanguins
EP1717576A1 (fr) * 1996-02-06 2006-11-02 Liebherr-Mischtechnik GmbH Capteur d'humidité
GB2444509A (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-11 Abb Ltd Fluid flow conductivity sensor
GB2467061A (en) * 2006-12-06 2010-07-21 Abb Ltd Conductivity sensor wherein a correction is applied to conductivity measurements to correct for polarization effects of electrodes
WO2012168032A1 (fr) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé à impédance et système pour déterminer la composition d'un mélange multiphase
WO2016071635A1 (fr) * 2014-11-07 2016-05-12 Snecma Ensemble de mesure capacitive du taux de gaz dans un ecoulement fluide
NO20190578A1 (en) * 2019-05-07 2020-11-09 Roxar Flow Measurement As System and method for providing measurements in a pipe
US11352872B2 (en) 2015-09-23 2022-06-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Temperature measurement correction in producing wells
US11635398B2 (en) 2016-07-27 2023-04-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Resistivity measurement for evaluating a fluid

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4458524A (en) * 1981-12-28 1984-07-10 Texaco Inc. Crude oil production stream analyzer
GB2178174A (en) * 1985-06-24 1987-02-04 Chevron Res Method and apparatus for determining the amounts of petroleum and water in a crude oil outflow from a hydrocarbon well
US5095758A (en) * 1990-11-29 1992-03-17 Texaco Inc. Water cut monitoring means and method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4458524A (en) * 1981-12-28 1984-07-10 Texaco Inc. Crude oil production stream analyzer
GB2178174A (en) * 1985-06-24 1987-02-04 Chevron Res Method and apparatus for determining the amounts of petroleum and water in a crude oil outflow from a hydrocarbon well
US5095758A (en) * 1990-11-29 1992-03-17 Texaco Inc. Water cut monitoring means and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
M.S. BECK, ET AL.: "ON-LINE MEASUREMENT OF OIL/GAS/WATER MIXTURES, USING A CAPACITANCE SENSOR", MEASUREMENT, vol. 3, no. 1, 1985, LONDON GB, pages 7 - 14 *

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2291202A (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-01-17 Texaco Development Corp Method and apparatus for measuring the water fraction in a multiphase fluid flow
GB2291202B (en) * 1994-07-05 1998-04-01 Texaco Development Corp Method and apparatus for measuring the water fraction in a multiphase fluid flow
EP0701129A1 (fr) * 1994-09-07 1996-03-13 Texaco Development Corporation Mesure des fractions d'eau et de gaz dans un écoulement de fluide multiphasique
EP1717576A1 (fr) * 1996-02-06 2006-11-02 Liebherr-Mischtechnik GmbH Capteur d'humidité
EP0936462A2 (fr) * 1998-02-17 1999-08-18 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Méthode et appareil pour la mesure de la teneur de gas volumétriques
WO2004096974A2 (fr) * 2003-05-02 2004-11-11 Lmb Technologie Gmbh Procede et dispositif pour determiner rapidement une charge bacterienne dans du sang et des produits sanguins
WO2004096974A3 (fr) * 2003-05-02 2005-06-09 Lmb Technologie Gmbh Procede et dispositif pour determiner rapidement une charge bacterienne dans du sang et des produits sanguins
GB2467061B (en) * 2006-12-06 2011-03-02 Abb Ltd Conductivity sensor
GB2467061A (en) * 2006-12-06 2010-07-21 Abb Ltd Conductivity sensor wherein a correction is applied to conductivity measurements to correct for polarization effects of electrodes
GB2444509B (en) * 2006-12-06 2010-09-15 Abb Ltd Conductivity sensor
GB2444509A (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-11 Abb Ltd Fluid flow conductivity sensor
US9086357B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2015-07-21 Abb Limited Conductivity sensor
US9651511B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2017-05-16 Abb Limited Conductivity sensor
WO2012168032A1 (fr) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé à impédance et système pour déterminer la composition d'un mélange multiphase
FR3028315A1 (fr) * 2014-11-07 2016-05-13 Snecma Systeme ameliore de mesure du taux de gaz dans un ecoulement fluide
WO2016071635A1 (fr) * 2014-11-07 2016-05-12 Snecma Ensemble de mesure capacitive du taux de gaz dans un ecoulement fluide
US10073050B2 (en) 2014-11-07 2018-09-11 Safran Aircraft Engines Assembly for capacitive measurement of the amount of gas in a fluid flow
US11352872B2 (en) 2015-09-23 2022-06-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Temperature measurement correction in producing wells
US11635398B2 (en) 2016-07-27 2023-04-25 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Resistivity measurement for evaluating a fluid
NO20190578A1 (en) * 2019-05-07 2020-11-09 Roxar Flow Measurement As System and method for providing measurements in a pipe
WO2020225274A2 (fr) 2019-05-07 2020-11-12 Roxar Flow Measurement As Système et procédé de production de fourniture de mesures dans un tuyau
EP4030148A2 (fr) 2019-05-07 2022-07-20 Roxar Flow Measurement AS Système et procédé pour fournir des mesures dans un tuyau
US11959785B2 (en) 2019-05-07 2024-04-16 Roxar Flow Measurement As System and method for measuring a multiphase flow by measuring density and electrical impedance for correcting the measurement due to effect of deposits on inner surface of pipe walls

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Publication number Publication date
ITFI920166A1 (it) 1994-02-05
IT1258181B (it) 1996-02-20
ITFI920166A0 (it) 1992-08-05

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