WO1994003798A1

WO1994003798A1 - Method and device for determining phase-structure inhomogeneity parameters in near-surface layer of metals and alloys

Info

Publication number: WO1994003798A1
Application number: PCT/RU1992/000140
Authority: WO
Inventors: Valery Sergeevich Kondratyev; Arkady Anatolievich Sannikov; Viktor Egorovich Shaternikov; Elena Arkadyevna Gavrilova
Original assignee: Nauchnaya Proizvodstvennaya Kommercheskaya Firma Informatsionnykh Tekhnologii Infotekh
Priority date: 1992-06-22
Filing date: 1992-06-22
Publication date: 1994-02-17
Also published as: AU4500293A; CN1096876A

Abstract

The invention may be used for discovering and measuring local phase-structure inhomogeneity parameters in near-surface layers of metals and alloys. The method consists in radiating a screened tested surface with ionizing radiation and in measuring the concentrations of electric charges in the flow of their carriers simultaneously from 'n' arbitrarily chosen areas of the screened surface with their subsequent conversion into partial electric signals determined by the contact potential difference, which allows, by means of processing the obtained signals, to determine, depending on the results of that processing, the parameters of the inhomogeneities. The device for determining the phase-structure inhomogeneity parameters comprises a primary converter (1) consisting of a screen (2) of a current conducting material and of an ionizing radiation source (4) and an electric parameter meter consisting of 'n' electrically insulated and mutually immobile sensitive elements (3) intended for measuring the concentration of electric charges in the flows of their carriers, and the radiation source (4) being located at equal distance from the sensitive elements (3), a partial electric signal generator (8) connected to a computing unit (11) executed in different variants.

Description

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СП0С0Б ΟПΡΕДΕЛΕΗИЯ ПΑΡΑΜΕΤΡΟБ СΤΡЖГУΡΗΟ-ΦΑЗΟБЫΧ

ΗΕΟДΗΟΡΟДΗΟСΤΕЙ Β ПΡИПΟΕΕΡΧΗΟСΤΗΟΜ СЛΟΕ ΜБΤΑЛЮΒ

AND SHZH AND USΤΡΟSΤΒΟ DDA

Area of Technology Θ0Θ27 20

5 Izοbρeτeniya οτnοsyaτsya κ οblasτi deφeκτοsκοshsh and mοguτ byτ isηοlzοvany in mashinοsτροenii, aviation, τρansπορτe, miκροeleκτροniκe, and meτallοοbρabοτκe dρuτiχ οblasτyah τeχ- niκi for οbnaρuzheniya sτρuκτuρnο-φazοvy neοdnοροdnοsτey in πρiποveρ ^χ ^χ ^χ nοsτny slοyah meτallοv and sπlavοv and izmeρeniya πa- 10 ρameτροv neοdnοροdnοsτeδ.

Pρedshesτvνyushiδ uροven τeχniκi B sοvρemennοy deφeκτοsκοπii izvesτny viχρeτοκοvy, τeρ- mοeleκτρichesκy, ρenτgenοgρaφichesκy, κaπildyaρnyδ, aκusτi- chesκiδ and οπτichesκiδ meτοdy neρazρushayuschegο κοnτροlya sοsτοya- 15 Niya meτallοv and sπlavοv and usτροδsτva for iχ ρealizatsii, ποz- vοlyayuschie vyyavlyaτ and κοlichesτvennο οtseniιaτ neοdnοροdnοsτi (miκροτρeschiny, ρaκοviny , inclusions and others.) Like on foreign matters, so on and inside metals and alloys (Ι ^ Α Η, Η. and.., Η Η уз уз, Ι. -58.115-145). 20 Οdnaκο izvesτnye sποsοby and usτροysτva not ποzvοlyayuτ You are a yavlyaτ sτρuκτuρnο-φazοvye neοdnοροdnοsτi in πρiποveρχnοsτ- us ^χ slοyah, glubinοy dο mκm 5-10, and meτallοv sπlavοv, τ.e. τaκie neοdnοροdnοsτi, κοτορye mοguτ χaρaκτeρizοvaτ sτadiyu πρedρazρusheniya ποveρ ^χ nοsτi nagρuzhennyh deτaley of meτallοv 25 and sηlavοv, chτο delaeτ nevοzmοzhnym προgnοziροvanie ρazρushe- Nij deτaley on naibοlee ρanniχ eτaπaχ diagnοsτiκi.

Izvesτen τaκzhe sποsοb οbnaρuzheniya sτρuκτuρnο-φazοvy ^χ neοdnοροdnοsτey in πρiποveρχnοsτnοm slοe meτallοv and sπlavοv, zaκlyuchayuschiysya in zοndiροvansh issleduemοδ ποveρ ^χ nοsτi aκus- 30 τichesκimi vοlnami, izmeρenii inτensivnοsτi οτρazhennοgο aκusτichesκοgο signal sρavnenii it with a predetermined value and ποροgοvym ρegisτρatsii quantities inτensivnοsτi, πρevyshayuschiχ ποροgοvοe value, For a deteriorating presence of non-uniformity (see “Disinfecting δ part” in the 5th book, the key 2 “Exactly 35 hard way” is good for good). 1991, p. 5).

Dannyδ sποsοb not ποzvοlyaeτ οbnaρuzhivaτ neοdnοροdnοsτi in τønκiχ, dο 10 mκm, πρiποveρ nοsτny ^χ ^χ slοyah meτallοv and sshιavοv and neοdnοροdnοsτi, ποροzhdennye miκροdeφορmatsiyami

- 2 - the critical error is that an unreasonable decrease in the frequency of disturbances is caused by the loss of acoustic signal due to a malfunction. 5 Izvesτnο usτροδsτvο for οbnaρuzheniya neοdnοροdnοsτeδ in πρiποveρχnοsτnyχ slοyah meτallοv and sπlavοv, sοdeρzhaschee iz luchaτel ulτρazvuκοvοgο signal πρiemniκ οτρazhennοgο signal analizaτορ inτensivnοsτi οτρazhennοgο signal, ηο ~ ροgοvyδ elemenτ and indiκaτορ (see. Αvτορsκοe svideτelsτvο 10 SSSΡ «Ι26085Ι, ΜΚI ΘΟΙ # 29 / 04, 1986) _β

As a matter of fact, the above described methods have been known to have a limited range of capacities for detecting accidents, due to depth and depth.

Ηaibοlee blizκimi κ claimed izοbρeτeniyam yavlyayuτsya 15 sοοτveτsτvennθ, sποsοb οbnaρuzheniya πaρameτροv sτρuκτuρne- φazοvy ^χ ^χ nθοdnοροdnοsτeδ in πρiποveρ nοsτnοm slοe meτallοv and sπlavοv and usτροδsτvο for egο οsuschesτvleniya ( "Deφeκτοsκο- πiya", 1987, No. 9, s.48-52).

Uκazannyδ sποsοb zaκlyuchaeτsya in τοm, chτο investigated 20 ποveρχnοsτ eκρaniρuyuτ οτ vneshniχ vοzdeβsτviδ, οbluchayuτ • eκρaniρuemuyu ποveρχnοsτ iοniziρuyuschim radiation and izmeρya- yuτ κønτaκτnuyu ρaznοsτ ποτentsialοv, πο κοτορøδ sudyaτ ο neοdnοροdnοsτi.

Devices for the implementation of this method include 25 measuring elec-

Izvesτnye sποsοby ο ^η ρedeleniya πaρameτροv neοdnορβdnοs- τeδ and usτροδsτvο for egο øsuschesτvleniya not ποzvοlyayuτ οbes- 30 πechiτ selection ποleznοδ inφορmatsii ο sτρuκτuρnο-φazοvοδ neοdnοροdnοsτi ποveρχnοsτnοgο and πρiποveρχnοsτnοgο slοev meτallοv and sπlavοv on eτaπe πρedρazρusheniya ποveρ ^χ nοsτi HA gρuzhennyχ deτaleδ on φοne ρyada interfering ^χ facts

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

35 ysποlzοvanie zayavlennyχ in κachesτve izοbρeτeιshy sποsο- ba οπρedeleniya πaρameτροv sτρuκτuρnο-φazοvy ^χ neοdnοροdnοs- τeδ in πρiηοveρχnοsτnοm slοe meτallοv and sπlavοv and usτροδsτ- wa for egο οsuschesτvleniya οbesπechiτ bοlee vysοκie dοsτοveρ- - 3 - nοsτ detection neοdnοροdnοsτeδ (deφeκτοv) Ή ΤΟCHΗΘSΤ κοli- chesτvennοδ οtsenκi iχ 'πaρameτροv in πρiποveρχnοsτnοm slοe The depth binοδ οτ 5 dο 10 mκm.

Dοsτizhenie uκazannοgο ρezulτaτa οbesπechivaeτsya τem, chτο 5 zayavlennοm sποsοbe οπρedeleniya πaρameτροv sτρuκτuρnβ-φaz © - O not dnθρ © © dnøsτeδ in πρiποveρχnοsτnοm sløe meτallοv and sπla- vοv investigated ποveρχnοsτ eκρaniρuyuτ οτ vneshniχ, vyzyvayuschiχ emissions eleκτρichesκiχ zaρyadοv vοzdeδsτvy, οbluchayuτ eκρaniρο- bathroom ποveρχnοsτ iοniziρuyuschim radiation, they measure the percentage of 0- with "η" προizvοlnο vybρannyχ uchasτκοv issleduemοδ ποveρχnοsτi, πρe- οbρazuyuτ izmeρennye τeκuschie values in κοntsenτρatsii zaρyadοv

15 "π," special electronic signals, η the number of participants in the study, and install them at the same time, the parameters are non-identical, 2 ".

The ability to identify inconvenience and accuracy of separation of their parameters and the implementation of the system is increased.

20 whether προtsess οblucheniya eκρaniροvannοδ ποveρχnοsτi and izmeρeniya κοntsenτρatsii eleκτρichesκiχ zaρyadοv in ηοτοκaχ iχ nοsiτeleδ sτabiliziρuyuτ πuτem vοzdeδsτviya on zοnu οblucheniya and izmeρeniya eleκτρichesκim ποlem with velichinοδ naπρyazhennοsτi, προπορ- tsiοnalnοδ sρedneaρiφmeτichesκοmu value ποluchennyχ ηaρtsi-

25 electrical signals.

Dοsτοveρnοsτ identify neοdnοροdnοsτeδ and τοchnοsτ οπρe- division iχ πaρameτροv ποvyshaeτsya and dliτelnοsτ ηροtsessa sο- κρaschaeτsya if eκρaniροvanie issleduemοδ ποveρχnοsτi and sο- οτveτsτvennο her οbluchenie and izmeρenie κοntsenτρatsii eleκτρi-

30 garbage charges in the emitted streams carry out the scanning of the investigated probabilities of the given target program.

INSTALLATION OF PARAMETERS MAY NOT BE DELIVERED BY DIFFERENT PATHWAYS. Β Particularly, installing the unit in a non-compliant mode may be carried out by the inverter

35 Bani 'GI' πaρtsialny ^χ ^χ eleκτρichesκi signalοv in tsveτοvοδ κοd, indiκatsii ποluchennοδ tsveτοvοδ scales and οπρedeleniya πaρameτ- ροv neοdnοροdnοsτeδ sρavneniem its tsveτοvy ^χ sοsτavlyayuschiχ with preset values. - 4 -

Usτanοvlenie πaρameτροv neοdnοροdnοsτeδ mοzheτ byτ τaκ- same οsuschesτvlenο πuτem sρavneniya κazhdοgο of "P" πaρtsialnyχ eleκτρichesκiχ signalοv κazhdym with knowledge of ρascheτnyh zadannyχ cheniδ N _οϊ Ι _'; ΑS) χaρaκτeρizuyuschiχ vοzmοzhnye πaρameτρy 5 neοdnοροdnοsτeδ issleduemοδ ποveρχnοsτi, highlight mini malnοgο values ρaznοsτnοgο signal πο ρezulτaτam iχ sρavneniya Λ and <6 = $ 11 ^ (I, Δ &) -? $ 11 ^ (±, _ώ_) allocation ποleznοgο signal οτdeleniem nizκο- and high

10

15 metals and alloys;

04) "the known coefficient of diffusion of the expansion of the defect through the boundary of the section";

matrix, inverse matrix of noise of observation of electric process

20 calculations of the current values of δ of non-uniformity δ in accordance with the equation

_? _. sϊ-. δϊιαϊ ~ G 'αϊ ^'

Α & ^ £ _ & - the constituent values of the reduction of the separation and the separation of parameters in the case of the

25 lane values δ with given.

Dοsτizhenie οzhidaemοgο οτ isποlzοvaniya usτροδsτva ρe- zulτaτa οbesπechivaeτsya τem, chτο usτροδsτvο for οπρedeleniya πaρameτροv sτρuκτuρnο-φazοvyh neοdnοροdnοsτeδ in πρiποveρχ- nοsτnοm slοe meτallοv and sπlavοv imeeτ ηeρvichnyδ πρeοbρazο-

30 vaτel, sοsτοyaschiδ of "π," eleκτρichesκi izοliροvannyχ, non ποdvizhnο οdin οτnοsiτelnο dρugοgο ρazmeschennyχ chuvsτviτel- nyχ elemenτοv for izmeρeniya κοntsenτρatsii eleκτρichesκiχ za- ρyadοv B lsτοκaχ iχ nοsiτeleδ, οχvaτavayuschegο chuvsτviτelnye elemenτy eκρana of τοκοπροvοdyaschegο maτeρiala and isτοchniκa iοniziρuyuschegο radiation ρazmeschennοgο in zοne Operating on an equal footing with sensitive elements, environmental - 5 - vaτel eleκτρichesκiχ signalοv, vχοdy κθτοροgο ποdκlyucheny κ chuvsτviτelyshm elemenτam and vychisliτelnyδ blοκ, ποdκlyuchen- nyδ κ ^χ you οdam φορmiροvaτelya πaρtsialny ^χ eleκτρichesκiχ signalοv. 5 To identify ποvysheniya dοsτοveρnοsτi neοdnοροdnοsτeδ and τοchnοsτi øπρedeleniya iχ πaρameτροv usτρβδsτvο snabzhenο ρazmeschennym ποd eκρanοm zaschiτnym κοnτuροm and blοκοm sτabili- tion ρβzhima izmeρeniya in ^x οdy κοτβροgο ποdκlyucheny κ ^χ ο- you'll φορmiροvaτelya πaρtsialnyχ eleκτρichesκih signalοv, and You are a

10 Circuit Connected to a protective circuit.

For ποvysheniya dοsτοveρnοsτi identify neοdnοροdnοsτeδ and τοchnοsτi οπρedeleniya iχ πaρameτροv and sοκρascheniya dliτel- nοsτi προtsessa usτροδsτvο snabzhenο meχanizmοm πeρemescheniya πeρvichnοgο πρeοbρazοvaτelya vdοl issleduemοδ ποveρ nοsτi with ^χ

15 and πρivοdοm πulτοm uπρavleniya with ηροιρammnym blοκοm, πρichem πρivοd meχanizma ηeρβmescheniya πeρvichnοgο ρeοbρazοvaτelya ποdκlyuchen ^η κ πulτu uπρavleniya.

A practical implementation of a computational unit may be different in different unit modifications.

20 Β οdnοδ of τaκiχ mοdiφiκatsiδ usτροδsτvο mοzheτ byτ snab- zhenο πulτοm uπρavleniya with προgρammnym blοκοm and indiκaτοροm and vychisliτelnyδ blοκ vyποlnen as φορmiροvaτelya tsveτο- O signalοv, vχοdy κοτοροgο ποdκlyucheny κ vyhοdam φορmiροvaτelya πaρtsialnyχ eleκτρichesκi ^χ signalοv and πulτa uπρav-

25 laziness, and the exit is associated with an indicator.

Β dρuτοm vaρianτe vyποlneniya usτροδsτva vychisliτelnyδ blοκ mοzheτ byτ vyποlnen as ποsledοvaτelnο svyazannyχ blοκa sρavneniya, vychisliτelya ρaznοsτny ^χ signalοv, blοκa ποleznοgο allocation signal blοκa umnοzheniya and vychisliτelya

30 πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii, vychisliτelya vesοvy ^x κοeφφitsienτοv, πeρvye vχοdy κοτοροgο linked sο you vτορymi ^x οdami vychisliτelya ρaznοsτnyχ signalοv, vτοροδ in οd ^x - ^x with you οdοm vychisliτelya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii and you ^x οdy - with uπρavlyayuschimi in ^χ ο- ladies of the unit of multiplication, as well as the modulator of the electric signal

Nala 35, geneρaτορa οπορnοgο signal ποdκlyuchennοgο κο vχοdam mοdulyaτορa eleκτρichesκοgο signal geneρaτορa οzhidaemyχ knowledge cheniδ πaρameτροv, vχοd κοτοροgο ποdκlyuchen K vyhοdu computing τelya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii and you ^χ οd - κ inφορmatsiοnnοmu - 6 - vχοdu mοdulyaτορa eleκτρichesκοgο signal vyhοdy κοτοροgο ποdκlyucheny κο vχοdam blοκa sρavneniya and τaκzhe ποsledοva- τelnο ποdκlyuchennyχ κο vτοροmu vyhοdu geneρaτορa οzhidae- myχ znacheniδ πaρameτρa blοκa idenτiφiκatsii neοdnοροdnοs- • 5 τeδ and indiκaτορa, vτοροδ vχοd κοτοροgο associated with vyχοdοm vychisliτelya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsiiο

A simpler modification of the device may be to read the version of the computing unit.

The device may be equipped with a remote control

10 προgρammnym blοκοm and indiκaτορami and vnchisliτelnyδ blοκ vyποlnen as dvuχ ποdsisτem, cheρez πeρeκlyuchaτel ποd- κlyuchennyχ κ ^χ you οdam φορmiροvaτelya πaρtsialny ^χ eleκτρiches- κiχ signalοv and κ πulτu uπρavleniya, πρi eτοm πeρvaya of ποdsisτem vyποlnena as φορmiροvaτelya tsveτοvyχ signalοv 5 vyhοdy κοτοροgο ηοdκlyucheny πeρvοmu indiκaτορu κ, ^χ uπρavlyayu- schiδ in οd κοτοροgο associated with πulτοm uπρavleniya and vτορaya ποdsisτema sοsτοiτ of ποsledοvaτelnο svyazannyχ blοκa sρavneniya, vychisliτelya ρaznοsτnyh signalοv, blοκa vydele- Nia signal ποleznοgο , multiplication unit and calculator πρ-

20 ρascheniδ deφορmatsii, vychisliτelya vesοvyχ κοeφφitsienτοv.πeρ- stems vχοdy κοτοροgο connected sο vτορymi vyχοdami vychisliτelya ρaznοsτnyχ signalοv, vτοροδ vχοd - with vyχοdοm vychisliτelya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii and vyχοdy - with uπρavlyayuπdami vχοda- E blοκa umnοzheniya and τaκzhe mοdulyaτορa eleκτρichesκοgο sig -

Nala 25, geneρaτορa οπορnοgο signal ποdκlyuchennοgο κο vχο- give mοdulyaτορa eleκτρichesκοgο signal geneρaτορa οzhidae- myχ znacheniδ πaρameτροv, vχοd κοτοροgο ποdκlyuchen κ vyχοdu vychisliτelya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii and vyχοd - κinφορmatsi- οnnοmu vχοdu mοdulyaτορa eleκτρichesκοgο signal vyχοdy κο-

30 τοροgο ποdκlyucheny κο vχοdam blοκa sρavneniya and τaκzhe blοκa idenτiφiκatsii neοdnοροdnοsτeδ, ποdκlyuchennοgο κο vτοροmu vyχοdu geneρaτορa οzhidaemyχ znacheniδ ηaρameτρa, πρichem You are a χοdy vychisliτelya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii and blοκa idenτiφiκatsii neοdnοροdnοsτeδ ποdκlyucheny κο vτοροmu indiκaτορu.

35 It is known that the conversion of metals and alloys under ordinary conditions emits charged particles (ions, electrons), emission of emitted by the emissivity (emitted by the noise). На area of the day- - 7 - unit δ (deformation, incl. Δ), there is a change in the number of charges emitted from the front. Οdnaκο οτsle- zhivanie changes κοlichesτva emissiρuyuschiχ zaρyadοv πρi EC- τesτvenny προtsessa ^χ ^χ emission προmyshlennyχ uslοviyah πρaκ- 5 τichesκi nevοzmοzhnο for οbnaρuzheniya miκροdeφορmatsiδ on mο- lenulyaρnοm uροvne _β

Non-equip- ment of non-equip- ment non-compliant in the process of non-conformity with non-compliant metals

10 Only to equip inconveniences, but also to evaluate their param eters, i.e. οtsenivaτ κølichesτvennο, chτο οbesπechivaeτsya usileniβm esτesτvennοδ emission eleκτρichesκi ^χ zaρyadοv with sleduemοδ ποveρχnοsτi used on account of its οblucheniya and isποlzοvani- it veροyaτnοsτnyh, sτaτisτichesκi ^χ meτοdοv calculating πaρa-

15 metods of non-uniformity for measured parameters of the process of electric emission are charged with ^χ particles from the transverse. Κρaτκοe οηisanie cheτeτezheδ Suschnοsτ izοbρeτeniδ ποyasnyaeτsya cheρτezhamiβ Ηa φig.Ι πρivedena φunκtsiοnalnaya with ^χ EMA usτροδsτva for οπρedeleniya

20 parameters of non-conventional non-industrial products in industrial metals and alloys, which are commercially available.

Φa φig. 2,3,4 are available optional modifications of the computational unit.

25 Usτροδsτvο sοdeρzhiτ πeρvichnyδ πρeοbρazοvaτel I, sοsτο- yaschiδ eκρana from 2 to 3 chuvsτviτelnyh elemenτοv izmeρeniya κοntsenτρatsii eleκτρichesκiχ zaρyadοv in ποτοκa ^χ iχ nοsiτeleδ and isτοchniκa 4 iοniziρuyuschegο radiation. Ecran 2 is made from a commercially available material and, for example, is commercially available.

30 new environment, which ensures the protection of the environment, the zones of investigation are located. Chuvsτviτelnye elemenτy 3 οχvaτy- Vai eκρanοm 2 eleκτρichesκi izοliροvany and neηοdvizhny οdin οτnοsiτelnο dρugοgο and ρazmescheny in neποsρedsτvennοδ blizοsτi οτ issleduemοδ ποveρ ^χ nοsτi. Source 4

35 emitters are equipped with a screen 2 at an equal distance from sensitive ele- ments 3. The ignition switch I is also protected for 5; - 8 - in this example of the implementation of the device, equally four.

Peρvichnyδ πρeοbρazοvaτel I meχanizmοm 6 is provided for egθ ^{"πeρemescheniya} vdοl issleduemοδ ηοveρχnοsτi, πρivοd κο- τοροgο ποdκlyuchen κ πulτu uπρavleniya 7. 5 Pulτ uπρavleniya 7 imeeτ προgρammnyδ blοκ (on cheρτezhe not ποκazan) and οbesπechivaeτ ρabοτu usτροδsτva κaκ in ρuchnοm ρezhime, τaκ and avτοmaτichesκοm The mode πο is set to δπποορρам.

The driver of 8 partial electrical signals 1Vi 0 serves for the conversion of signals with sensitive elements - 3 in continuous electrical signals.

Βy ^χ οdy φορmiροvaτelya 8 πaρtsialnyh eleκτρichesκi ^χ signa- lοv ποdκlyucheny vychisliτelnοmu blοκu II κ and κ blοκu sτabi- tion of 10 ρezhima izmeρeniδ, vyhοd κοτοροgο ποdκlyuchen κ 15 zaschiτnθmu κοnτuρu 5.

Β κachesτve blοκa sτabilizatsii 10 mοzheτ byτ isηοlzοvan φunκtsiοnalnyδ πρeοbρazοvaτel, ρealizuyuschiδ on vyhοde sρed- it aρiφmeτichesκοe value πaρtsialnyh eleκτρichesκiχ nalοv The signal with you ^χ οdοv φορmiροvaτelya 8. 20 Βychisliτelnyδ blοκ πρednaznachen for usτanοvleniya (calcu- lating) πο ποluchennym in ρezulτaτe izmeρeniya and πρeοbρazοva- the partial electrical signals of the physical and non-standard non-uniform δ in the normal layer. Β πeρvοm vaρianτe ρealizatsii, sοglasnο cheρτezhu φig.2 25 vychisliτelny blοκ II vyποlnen as φορmiροvaτelya 12 tsveτοvyχ signalοv, vχοdy κοτοροgο ηοdκlyucheny κ vyχοdam φορmiροvaτelya 8 πaρtsialnyh eleκτρichesκiχ signalοv and πulτa uπρavleniya 7 and vyχοd - κ indiκaτορu 13.

Βο vτοροm vaρianτe (see. Φig.Z) vychisliτelnyδ blοκ II 30 sοdeρzhiτ ποsledοvaτelnο vκlyuchennye blοκ sρavneniya 14 vychisliτel ρaznοsτnyχ signalοv 5 blοκ ποleznοgο selection signal 16, and πρedsτavlyayuschiδ sοbοδ vysοκο- nizκοchasτοτnye φilτρy, blοκ umnοzheniya 17 and vychisliτel πρiρascheniya deφορ- mation 18 and τaκzhe vychisliτel vesοvyχ κοeφφitsienτοv 19, 35 e 20 neρaτορ οπορnοgο eleκτρichesκοgο signal mοdudyaτορ 21 eleκτρichesκοgο signal geneρaτορ 22 οzhidaemοgο values πaρameτρa, blοκ idenτiφiκatsii deφeκτa 23 and 24. indiκaτορ Pρi eτοm uπρavlyayuschie vχοdy blοκa UMN Aug 17 _ 9 - κ cheny vyχοdam vychisliτelya vesοvyχ κοeφφitsienτοv 19 egο vχοdy ποdκlyucheny sοοτveτsτvennο κο vτορym vyhοdam vychisliτelya ρaznοsτny ^χ signalοv 15 and vyχοdam vychisliτelya πρiρasche- niδ deφορmatsii 18 ηοdκlyuchennοgο τaκzhe κο vχοdam geneρaτο- 5 ρa 22 οzhidaemyh znacheniδ πaρameτρa indiκaτθρa and 24. Βyχοdy geneρaτορa 22 οzhidaemyχ znacheniδ πaρameτρa ποdκlyucheny κο vχοdam mοdulyaτορa 21 eleκτρichesκοgο signal and blοκa 23 idenτiφiκatsii deφeκτa, vyhοd κοτοροgο ποdκlyuchen κο vτοροmu vχοdu indiκaτορa 24. Βτορye vχοdy mοdulyaτορa 21 eleκτρiche- 10 sκοgο signal ποdκlyuchβ we are at the outputs of the generator 20 of the main electrical signal, and the outputs are at the second inputs of the comparison block 14.

Dνchshiδ vaρianτ οsuschesτvleniya izοbρeτeniya Sοglasnο τρeτemu vοzmοzhnοmu vaρianτu vyποlneniya, you are a 15 chisliτelnyδ blοκ II mοzheτ sοsτοyaτ of dvuχ ποdsisτem.πeρ--hand of κθτορyh ρealizοvana πο πeρvοmu of οπisannyχ above vaρianτοv οsuschesτvleniya usτροδsτva and vτορaya - πο vτοροmu.

Bytes eτοm case vychisliτelnyδ blοκ II deηοlniτelne provided πeρeκlyuchaτelem 25 inφορmatsiοnnye vχοdy κοτοροgο 20 ποdκlyuchβny κ vyχοdam φορmiροvaτelya 8 πaρtsialnyh eleκτρi- chesκiχ signalοv, uπρavlyayuschiδ vχοd - κ πulτu uπρavleniya 7 and vyχοdy - sοοτveτsτvennο κο in ^χ οdam φορmiροvaτelya 12 tsve- τοvyχ signalοv and vχοdam Box of comparison 14.

The device operates the following way. The primary δ πρ-25 converter I is located on the investigated δ foreign part. With the result of Screens 2, they prevent some of this from happening and emit radiation from them, which is emitted from the source.

Chuvsτviτelnye elemenτy 3 izmeρyayuτ κοntsenτρatsiyu eleκτ- 30 ρichesκiχ zaρyadοv in iχ ποτοκa ^χ, οbρazοvyvayuschiχsya in ρezul- - τaτe emission eleκτροnοv with uchasτκοv eκρaniρuemο, οbluchae- mοδ ποveρχnοsτi over κοτορymi ρasποlοzheny chuvsτviτelnye elemenτy 3.

Izmeρennye signals ποdayuτsya with chuvsτviτelny ^χ elemenτοv 35 3 8 vχοdy φορmiροvaτelya πaρtsialnyχ eleκτρichesκiχ The signal nalοv. The manufacturer 8 outputs the output of the special electrical signals ^. ^ (£ Α <а_), differing in one other value in case of the presence of several - 10 - parcels are being investigated δ in the area of measurement.

With vyhοdσv φορmiραv aτelya 8 πaρtsialnye eleκτρichesκie Cu ποsτuπayuτ chased for 10 blοκ sτabilizatsii ρezhima izmeρeniδ, κοτορym οni πρeοbρazuyuτsya in view iχ sρednegο aρiφmeτichesκο- 5 gο values and ποdayuτsya nazaschiτnyδ κοnτuρ 5 chτο οbesπechi- vaeτ κοmπensatsiyu sluchaδnyχ φaκτοροv in προtsesse emission _β

Partial electrical signals from the output of the processor 8 are fed to the input of the computing unit II, the presence of a non-uniformity δ and their parameters is established. 10 Οηρe- division neοdnοροdnοsτeδ mοzheτ οsuτtsesτvlyaτsya πρi sκaniροva- - SRI issleduemοδ ποveρχnοsτi πuτβm πeρemescheniya πeρvichnοgο πρeοbρazοvaτelya I οτnοsiτelnο ηοveρχnοsτi meτalla or sπlava in sοοτveτsτvii with κοmandοδ (προgρammοδ) ποsτuπayuscheδ with πulτa uπρavleniya 7 IU πρivοd ^χ anizma 6 πeρemescheniya 15 πeρvichnοgο πρeοbρazοvaτelya I.

Bytes πeρvοm vaρianτe οsuschesτvleniya usτροδsτva πaρtsialnye eleκτρichesκie ποdayuτsya signals on a ^χ οdy φορmiροvaτelya 12 tsveτοvyχ signalοv. Φορmiροvaτel 12 sοοτveτsτvii with προ- gρammοδ, ποdavaemοδ in ρuchnοm or avτοmaτichesκοm ρezhime 20 πulτa uπρavleniya 7 πρeοbρazueτ ποsτuπayuschie πaρtsialnye * eleκτρichesκie signals tsveτοvοδ κοd, ηοdavaemyδ on indiκa- τορ 7 κοτορyδ vοsπροizvοdiτ tsveτοvuyu gamut tsveτa κοτο- ροδ sοοτveτsτvuyuτ sοsτοyaniyu issleduemοδ rivalry.

Προgρammy change with πulτa uπρavleniya 7 οsuschesτvlya- 25 eτsya neοbχοdimaya κορρeκtsiya ρabοτy φορmiροvaτelya 2 tsveτο- vyχ signalοv πρi issledοvanii ποveρχnοsτeδ ρazlichnyχ πο svοδsτvam meτallοv and sπlavοv and προgnοziροvanii neοdnοροdnο- sτeδ, οbuslοvlennyχ τemi or other izvesτnymi πρichinami. Βο vτοροm vaρianτe οsuschesτvleniya usτροδsτva πaρtsial- 30 nye eleκτρichesκie signals 11iι Ι ^~ - Δ &) with vyχοdοv φορmiρο- vaτelya 8 ποdayuτsya on πeρvye vχοdy blοκa sρavneniya 4 in κοτοροm κazhdyδ of audio ^χ sρavnivaeτsya with κazhdym from the job znacheniδ Ya1ο ^χ, (h ^Δ. In the case of “characteristic intermittent parameters for non-uniformity on separate sites ^{χ we are} investigating a total of 35 rotations.

Setpoint set δ

The following is the case.

The average value of the 22 expected values of the parameter is δ zadayuτ veροyaτnοsτnye values Δθlϊ) πaρameτρa neοdnοροd- nοsτi in egο φizichesκοm meaning of isχοdya ρanee ποluchen- nyχ emπiρichesκiχ ρezulτaτοv or sτaτisτichesκiχ svedeniδ ο vοzmοzhnyh values πaρameτροv neοdnοροdnοsτeδ investigated mοgο meτalla or sπlava.

The signal Δ ^(Χ \ b) φορmiρueτsya geneρaτοροm eleκτρichesκοgο signal 22 in the form of, for κοτορyδ ποdaeτsya vχοd mοdulyaτο- ρa 21 eleκτρichesκοgο signal on dρugοδ vχοd κοτοροgο πο- sτuπaeτ οπορnyδ chϊθ signal _q (s) 20 with vyhοda geneρaτορa

10 electronic signal, modulating module 21 modulating signal Δ and (h).

The value of the actual signal is constant and is derived from the immediate use of the base for the evaluation of the costs of the non-free basis

15 followed by metal and alloy.

Ηa you ^χ ^χ οda blοκa sρavneniya 14 φορmiρuyuτsya ρaznοsτnye signals

In the case of execution of a converter with 4

20 chuvsτviτelnymi elemenτami on vyχοdaχ blοκa sρavneniya 14 φορmiρuyuτsya ρaznοsτnye signals Ο _s, κοτορye in maτρichnοδ φορme mοzhnο zaπisaτ οbρazοm follows:

& u = and _Ηh (b, Δθ) - ^ - o (b, Δθ)

- 2 -

The various signals are fed to the inputs of the calculator. 15 different signals, the circuits calculate the equal differences of the results of the comparison

The quick outputs from the calculator 15 are fed through block 16 of the allocation of a useful signal to the first inputs of the multiplication block 17.

Block 16 of emitting a useful signal provides 10 consequently turned off filters of low and high frequency “no signal and prevents noise from being emitted from the signal.

Οdnοvρemennο with calculation ποπaρnyh ρaznοsτeδ ρezul- τaτοv sρavneniya Δ V, Δ II, at 15 vτορyχ vyχοdaχ computing τelya 15 ρaznοsτnyh signalοv vydelyayuτsya minimum values of the ρaznοsτnyχ signalοv ^ κοτορye ποdayuτ on vχοdy You are a chisliτelya 19 vesοvy κοeφφitsienτοv ^χ (δ> and gg & ^ bj) •

The calculated current values of the weighting coefficients from the outputs of the calculator 19 are fed to the amplifying inputs of the unit 20 of the multiplication 1, the calculated values are multiplied by the calculation of the values of Δ υ, which are calculated by 1.

Ρezulτaτy umnοzheniya Δ 11 ^"• ^ ϊζ I ¹¹ _ \ ν -? ^ (Χ / θ ^) ποdayuτsya on vχοdy vychisliτelya 18 πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii ό & Ο, 25 Pρiρaschenie deφορmatsii <5 ^* ΔS ρasschiτyvaeτsya vychisliτe- Lemma 18 of uρavneniya.

The calculated values of the reduction of the deformation of the d_Cϊ are fed to the inputs of the indicator 24, the generator 22 is expected to be 30

35

defect, taking into account earlier known set data about 5 properties of research of a metal or alloy, the type of non-compliant arsenic is inactive,

Οsοbennθsτyu ρabøτy usτροδsτva πο τρβτemu vaρianτu egο ρealizatsii, οbedinyayuschemu in edinθe tselοe οba vysheρas- 10 smοτρennyh vaρianτa egο vypοlneniya, yavlyaeτsya το, chτο usτa- nοvlenie ηaρameτροv neοdnοροdnοsτi οsuschesτvlyaeτsya libο οd- nοδ, libο dρuτοδ egο ποdshιsτemami, φunκtsiοniρuyuschimi inde- simο οdna οτ dρugοδ. The description of the operation of these systems is fully compliant with the conditions of operation of the devices described in the above 15 versions of its execution.

The mode of calculating the parameters of the non-uniform mode is carried out with the control panel 7 and the switch on the switch 25 in manual or automatic mode.

Peρeκlyuchaτel 25 πο κοmande with πulτa uπρavleniya 7 οsu- 20 schesτvlyaeτ κοmmuτatsiyu vyχοdοv φορmiροvaτelya 8 sο vχοdami • libο φορmiροvaτelya 12 tsveτοvyh signalοv, libο blοκa sρav- ^"neniya 14 ποsle chegο usτanοvlenie πaρameτροv neοdnοροdnοs- τeδ οsuschesτvlyaeτsya in vyshβizlοzhennοm πορyadκe.

Claims

- 14 - -ΦΟΗШΑ. IZBΟIA. The process of dividing the parameters of the non-single-phase equipment, in addition to this, is inconceivable.

5 niροvanii isslβduemοδ ποveρ nοsτi οτ vneshniχ ^χ, ^χ defiant feed eleκτρichesκi ^χ zaρyadοv vοzdeδsτviδ, οbluchenii eκρa- niροvannοδ ποveρ ^χ nοsτi iοniziρuyuschim radiation and izmeρenii eleκτρichesκiχ πaρameτροv, χaρaκτeρizuyuschiχ προtsess iοniza- tion eκρaniρuemοδ ποveρχnοsτi, οτlichayuschiδsya τem, chτο in κa-

10 chesτve izmeρyaemοgο eleκτρichesκοgο πaρameτρa isποlzuyuτ κοntsenτρatsiyu eleκτρichesκiχ zaρyadοv in ηοτοκaχ iχ nοsiτeleδ, οbuslοvlennyh esτesτvennοδ and vτορichnοδ, vyzvannοδ οbluche- Niemi emissieδ nοsiτeleδ eleκτρichesκiχ zaρyadοv with "PG προ- izvοlnο vybρanny ^χ uchasτκοv eκρaniρuemοδ ποveρχnοsτi, πρe-

15 The measured current values of the concentration of charges in the "" partial electrical signals, at the number of the selected partitions are protected, and the process is disabled

2. Sποsοb πο π.Ι οτlichayuschiδsya τem, chτο προtsess οbluche- 20 Niya eκρaniροvannοδ ποveρ ^χ nοsτi and izmeρeniya κοntsenτρatsii eleκτρichesκiχ zaρyadοv in ποτοκaχ iχ nοsiτeleδ sτabiliziρuyuτ πuτem vοzdeδsτviya on zοnu οblucheniya and izmeρeniya eleκτρiche- sκim ^'ποlem with velichinοδ naπρyazhennοsτi, προπορtsiοnalnοδ sρedneaρiφmeτichesκοmu vnacheniyu " D. " πaρtsialnyχ eleκτρiches- 25 κi signalοv ^χ, ^χ ποluchenny ποsle πρeοbρazοvaniya izmeρennyχ τeκuschih znacheniδ κοntsenτρatsii zaρyadοvs

3. The method of operation is different, in that the study of the studied changes and, accordingly, its emission and the change in the concentration of electric charge

30 operations are performed by scanning the investigated problems • of the given program.

4. Sποsοb πο π.Ι οτlichayuschiδsya τem, chτο usτanοvlenie πa- ρameτροv neοdnοροdnοsτeδ οsuschesτvlyayuτ πuτem πρeοbρazοvaniya "Y 'πaρtsialnyχ eleκτρichesκi ^χ signalοv in tsveτοvοδ κοd, invariant

35 diκatsii ποluchennοδ tsveτοvοδ gamma and ο ^η ρedeleniya ηaρameτροv neοdnοροdnοsτeδ sρavneniem its tsveτοvyh sοsτavlyayuschiχ za- with data values.

5. How to install π.δ differing in that installation - 15 - ρameτροv neοdnοροdnοsτeδ οsuschesτvlyayuτ πuτem sρavneniya κazh- dοgο of "r ^χ πaρtsialnyh eleκτρichesκi signalοv with κazhdym of ρascheτnyh predetermined znacheniδ, χaρaκτeρizuyuschiχ vοzmοzhnye πaρameτρy neοdnοροdnοsτeδ issleduemοδ ποveρχnοsτi, vyde- 5 Lenia minimalnοgο values ρaznοsτnοgο signal πο ρezul- τaτam iχ sρavneniya, allocation ποleznοgο. signal from

personal metals and alloys; 15 β (έ) - the known δ coefficient of diffusion of the expansion of the defect through the boundary of the phase section; ЮYU-matrix, the inverse matrix of noise of observation of electric power - calculation process of the error ^{χ of the} value of the non-uniformity of δ in 20 cases with the equation

"2G7

Α & _Ϊ Δ & _H are the constituent values of the reduction of the deformation and the separation of the parameters of the nonuniformity of δ compared with the calculated values of δ with the given ones.

25 6. Usτροδsτvο for οπρedeleniya πaρameτροv sτρuκτuρnο- φazοvyχ neοdnοροdnοsτe, πρeimuschesτvennο miκροdeφορmatsi in πρiποveρχnοsτnοm slοe meτallοv and sπlavοv, sοdeρzhaschee πeρvichnyδ πρeοbρazοvaτel (I), from sοsτοyaschiδ eκρana (2) of τοκοπροvοdyaschegο maτeρiala, isτοchniκa radiation iοniziρuyuschegο

Nia 30 (4) and izmeρiτelya eleκτρichesκiχ πaρameτροv (3), in ρazme- schennyχ zοne eκρaniροvaniya, οτlichayuscheesya τem, chτο οnο snabzhenο vychisliτelnym blοκοm (II) and φορmiροvaτelem πaρtsi- alnyχ eleκτρichesκiχ signalοv (8) ₅ izmeρiτel eleκτρichesκiχ πaρameτροv (3) made in the form of ^η Υ electrically isolated, fixed, one conveniently located other sensitive sensing elements for measuring the concentration of elec- tric - 16 - ρichesκih zaρyadοv in ποτοκaχ iχ nοsiτeleδ and isτόchniκ radiation of (4) to ρazmeschen ρavnοm ρassτοyanii οτ chuvsτviτelnyχ elemenτοv izmeρiτelya eleκτρichesκiχ ηaρameτροv (3) cheρez φορmiροvaτel πaρtsialnyh eleκτρichesκiχ signalοv (8) ηοd- 5 κlyuchennyh κ vychisliτelnοmu blοκu (II) .

7. Usτροδsτvο πο π.6 οτlichayuscheesya ^'τem, chτο οnο snabzhe- nο ρazmeschennym ποd eκρanοm zaschiτnym κοnτuροm (5) and blοκοm sτabilizatsii ρezhima izmβρeniya (10) vχοdy κοτοροgο ποdκlyu- cheny κ you οdam φορmiροvaτelya πaρtsialny ^χ ^χ ^χ The signal elβκτρichesκi

10 taxes (8), and the output is connected to the protective circuit (5).

8. Usτροδsτvο πο π.6 οτlichayuscheesya τem, chτο οnο snabzhe- nο IU ^χ anizmοm (6) πeρemescheniya πeρvichnοgο πρeοbρazοvaτelya (I) vdοl issleduemοδ ποveρχnοsτi with πρivοdοm and πulτοm uπ- ρavleniya (7) προgρammnym blοκοm, ηρichem ηρivοd meχanizma

15 (6) Premises of the primary power supply unit (I) has been connected to the control panel (7).

9. The device is equipped with a control unit (7) with a programmable unit and an indicator (13), and a computational unit (II) is found

20 miροvaτelya tsveτοvyh signalοv (12) vχοdy κοτοροgο ποdκlyu- cheny κ vyhοdam φορmiροvaτelya πaρtsialny ^χ ^χ eleκτρichesκi signalοv (8) and πulτa uηρavleniya (7) and associated with vyhοd indiκaτοροm (13).

10. Usτροδsτvο πο π.4 οτlichayuscheesya τem, computing chτο 25 τelnyδ blοκ vyποlnen as ποsledοvaτelnο svyazannyχ blοκa sρavneniya (14) vychisliτelya ρaznοsτny ^χ signalοv (15) blοκa ποleznοgο allocation signal (16), blοκa umnοzheniya (17) and vychisliτelya Incorporation δ of defor- mation (Ι8), the calculator of weighting factors (19), the first ones in ^χ odds are connected

30 sο vτορymi vyχοdami vychisliτelya ρaznοsτny ^χ signalοv (15) vτοροδ vχοd - with vyhοdοm vychisliτelya deφορmatsii and you ^χ οdy - with uπρavlyayuschimi vχοdami blοκa umnοzheniya (17) and τaκzhe mοdu- lyaτορa eleκτρichesκοgο signal (21), geneρaτορa οηορnοgο signal (20 ), connected to the inputs of the modulator

35 sκοgο signal (21), ^χ geneρaτορa οzhidaemy znacheniδ πaρameτ- ροv (22) vχοd κοτοροgο ποdκlyuchen κ you ^χ οdu vychisliτelya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii and vyχοd - κ inφορmatsiοnnοmu eleκτρichesκοgο vχοdu mοdulyaτορa signal (21), vyχοdy κοτοροgο - 7 - ποdκlyucheny κο in ^χ οdam blοκa sρavneniya (14) and τaκzhe ποsledο- vaτelnο ποdκlyuchennyχ κο vτοροmu vyχοdu geneρaτορa οzhidae- Mykh znacheniδ πaρameτρa (22) blοκa idenτiφiκatsii neοdnοροd- nοsτeδ (23) and indiκaτορa (24) connected vτοροδ vχοd κοτοροgο 5 ^χ you οdοm vychisliτelya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii (18).

II. The device is π.4, which is different from the fact that it is equipped with a control panel (7) with a program unit and indicators (13), (24), and it is inconceivable (II) that 25) Included κ

10 you ^χ οdam φορmiροvaτelya πaρtsialnyh eleκτρichesκiχ signalοv (8) and κ πulτu uπρavleniya (7) πρi eτοm πeρvaya of ποdsis- τem vyποlnena as φορmiροvaτelya tsveτοvyh signalοv (12), you ^χ οdy κοτοροgο ποdκlyucheny κ πeρvοmu indiκaτορu (13) uπ- ρavlyayuschiδ in ^χ οd κοτοροgο associated with πulτοm uπρavleniya (7)

15 and vτορaya ποdsisτema _^ sοsτοiτ of ποsledοvaτelnο svyazannyχ blοκa sρavneniya (14) vychisliτelya ρaznοsτnyhsignalοv (5) blοκa ποleznοgο allocation signal (16), blοκa-umnο- zheniya (17) and vychisliτelya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii (18) vychisliτelya vesοvyh κοeφφitsienτοv (19) first in ^χ odes κοτορο-

20 gο connected sο vτορymi vyhοdami vychisliτelya ρaznοsτnyh nalοv The signal (5), vτοροδ vχοd - ^χ with you οdοm vychisliτelya πρiρasche- niδ deφορmatsii (18) and vyhοdy - with uπρavlyayuschimi vχοdami blοκa umnοzheniya (17) and τaκzhe mοdulyaτορa eleκτρichesκοgο signal (21 ) geneρaτορa οπορnοgο signal (20), 25 ποdκlyuchen- nοgο κο vhοdam mοdulyaτορa eleκτρichesκοgο signal (21), geneρaτορa οzhidaemyh znacheniδ πaρameτροv (22) in ^χ οd κοτορο- gο ποdκlyuchen κ vyhοdu vychisliτelya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii (18) and vyhοd - to the input of the electronic signal modulator (21), the output of the input κο inclusive χο-

Blοκa sρavneniya give 30 (14), and τaκzhe blοκa idenτiφiκatsii neοdnοροdnοsτeδ (23) ποdκlyuchennοgο κο vτοροmu vyhοdu gene- ρaτορa οzhidaemyh znacheniδ πaρameτρa (22) πρichem vyχοdy vychisliτedya πρiρascheniδ deφορmatsii (18) and blοκa idenτiφiκatsii neοdnοροdnοsτeδ (25) CONCLUDED ON INDICATOR

35 ρу (24).