WO1993025309A1 - Method for mixing a quantity of liquid in a container for an analysis, a mixing and measuring needle and method for manufacturing the needle - Google Patents
Method for mixing a quantity of liquid in a container for an analysis, a mixing and measuring needle and method for manufacturing the needle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993025309A1 WO1993025309A1 PCT/FI1993/000263 FI9300263W WO9325309A1 WO 1993025309 A1 WO1993025309 A1 WO 1993025309A1 FI 9300263 W FI9300263 W FI 9300263W WO 9325309 A1 WO9325309 A1 WO 9325309A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- needle
- liquid
- mixing
- duct
- container
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
- B01L3/021—Pipettes, i.e. with only one conduit for withdrawing and redistributing liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
- B01F31/65—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms the materials to be mixed being directly submitted to a pulsating movement, e.g. by means of an oscillating piston or air column
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
- B01F31/65—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms the materials to be mixed being directly submitted to a pulsating movement, e.g. by means of an oscillating piston or air column
- B01F31/651—Mixing by successively aspirating a part of the mixture in a conduit, e.g. a piston, and reinjecting it through the same conduit into the receptacle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
- G01N2035/1027—General features of the devices
- G01N2035/1048—General features of the devices using the transfer device for another function
- G01N2035/1058—General features of the devices using the transfer device for another function for mixing
- G01N2035/106—General features of the devices using the transfer device for another function for mixing by sucking and blowing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for mixing a quantity of liquid in a container for an analysis using a needle comprising a flowing duct having at its end at least one aspiration and discharge opening, by keeping the opening in a container below the liquid surface and by carrying the mixing with a to-and-fro motion, wherein the liquid is alternately aspirated from the container to a flowing duct of the needle and sprayed from the flowing duct back into the container.
- the method is especially intended for the mixing of liquid samples to be analyzed in measuring cuvettes of automatic analyzers in the field of clinical chemistry.
- the components of the liquid quantity to be mixed in the cuvette are typically measured with a measuring needle, which is flexibly connected to an automatic microsyringe.
- the measuring is carried out so that a sample and a diluent or a reagent are aspirated with the syringe to the needle and optionally air bubbles to separate these from each other.
- the point of the measuring needle is moved to the cuvette, wherein the sample with its diluent or reagent is emptied. Thereafter the measured components and the reagents which optionally were in the cuvette in advance are mixed with each other.
- the mixing has been carried out mechani- cally e.g. by moving the point of the measuring needle in the cuvette by using a separate mixer or by carrying out the mixing with ultrasound. After the mixing the cuvette is transported to the incubation, measuring or other such further handling.
- the purpose of this invention is to provide a solution, by which the liquid quantity to be analyzed can be mixed more efficiently than earlier without any need for a separate, moving mixer in the container.
- the invention is characteri ⁇ zed in that a needle is used, in the flowing duct of which is a necking extending essentially to the opening at the end of the duct, in the length of which necking the flowing resistance of the duct is growing at least to tenfold, wherein at the discharge stages from the opening according to the vena contracta phenomenon an at first convergent and thereafter turbulently divergent liquid flow is discharged, and that the liquid quantity moving in the to-and-fro movements is at most about 20% of the total volume of the liquid quantity to be mixed.
- the liquid quantity is mixed with the needle which can also be used for measuring of the components of the liquid quantity to the container.
- the needle which can also be used for measuring of the components of the liquid quantity to the container.
- the mixing is based exclusively on the movements of the liquid provided by the needle.
- the conventional measuring wherein the liquid contained in a straight, constant diameter measuring needle is sprayed all at once to the container, is usually not adequate to cause any remarkable mixing of the liquid in the container, whereas with the to-and-fro motion of the rather small liquid quantity mixing is taking place e.g.
- the liquid can be aspirated to the needle at a point near the opening at the end of its flowing duct and thereafter sprayed with pressure essentially rectilinearly to a point far away from said opening.
- the suitable location of the one or several aspiration and discharge openings the according to the vena contracta phenomenon discharged flow, which is to be sprayed to the container, is made to cause turbulence in the liquid, securing an effective mixing.
- One preferable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the mixing is combined with the simultaneous measuring of the liquid by the needle, wherein the liquid quantities aspirated from the container to the needle are in average smaller than the liquid quantities sprayed to the container from the needle.
- the liquid to be measured is little by little discharged to the container during the measuring and mixing process.
- the liquid to be measured is first discharged from the needle to the container, whereafter the liquid in the container is mixed with said to-and-fro mixing movements.
- the liquid quantity which is to be aspirated to the needle and to be sprayed from it back to the container can be kept constant during the hole mixing event.
- the liquid quantity to be moved to-and-fro can according to the invention be about 0.1-5%, most preferably about 0.1-2% of the total volume of the liquid quantity to be mixed.
- the volume of the liquid quantities handled by clinical analyzers varies between l-1000 ⁇ l, and a typical liquid quantity to be moved in the mixing is of order l ⁇ l. If with the mixing has been combined with the measuring of the liquid, the liquid quantity to be measured can be e.g. about 10% of the total volume of the liquid quantity.
- the frequency of the to-and-fro mixing movements in the mixing can be between about 5-200HZ, preferably between 10- 100Hz, depending on e.g. the softness of the material of the feed pipe connected to the needle or the air optionally contained in the pipe.
- a frequency of 50Hz for instance can be provided simply with rectified mains voltage.
- the mixing according to the invention can take about 0.1-2 seconds, preferably about 0.2-1 seconds. If the mixing takes e.g. 0.5 seconds, it means at a frequency of 50Hz 25 aspiration and discharge stages. By the known methods the mixing typically takes 2-4 seconds, to which also the duration of the measuring has to be added. As mentioned above, the invention makes also possible the measuring in frame of the time used for the mixing, thus maximizing the saving of time which is attained by the invention.
- the to-and-fro mixing movements which the invention requires are preferably provided by the repeated compressions exerted on the pipe of a soft material which is as an extension to the needle, by the action of which the volume of the pipe is changed.
- the compression will reduce the volume of the pipe and forces liquid to get discharged from the needle to the container. Ceasing of the compression will correspondingly increase the volume of the pipe, bringing about a aspiration which is directed from the container towards the flowing duct of the needle.
- the repeated compressions can be provided e.g. by bringing the pipe between the piston of a solenoid valve and the solid surface opposite to it and by moving the piston to-and-fro by means of a spring force and a magnetic force engaged by an electric current.
- the repeated compressions can be provided with a fork formed by two piezo crystals, wherein the pipe is situated between two against each other bending ceramic, metal coated plates.
- the necking inside the flowing duct is preferably conical, having an angle of taper which can vary between about 15-60°.
- Said vena contracta phenomenon can be effected with the needle the flowing duct of which is ending rectilinearly in the discharge opening at the point of the needle, if in the duct is said necking, along the length of which the flow resistance is strongly growing.
- a needle wherein the flowing duct is ending before the point of the needle in one or several discharge openings which are directed to the side of the longitudinal axis of the needle.
- the liquid flows can then be directed on the sides of the needle towards the side walls of the container and from them further towards the bottom of the container. As a result of this the kinetic energy of the liquid flows is damping due the turbulence generated in the cuvette and due to the collision of the flows to each other.
- the present invention is also directed to a mixing and measuring needle comprising a tubular shaft and a flowing duct inside it ending before the point of the needle to at least one aspiration and discharge opening which is directed aside from the longitudinal axis of the needle. Additionally the invention is directed to a method for manufacturing such a needle.
- the needle is especially suited to be used in the above described method for mixing of the liquid quantity, which method can also include the measuring of the liquid.
- the present automatical analyzers of clinical chemisty typically comprise a measuring needle which is flexibly connected to the automatic microsyringe.
- the measuring is carried out so that the sample and a diluent or a reagent, and optionally air bubbles in order to separate these from each other are aspirated with the syringe to the measuring needle.
- the point of the measuring needle is moved to the cuvette, where the sample with its diluents or reagensts is discharged.
- the measured components and the reagents which optionally were in the cuvette in advance are mixed mechanically e.g. by moving the measuring tip in the cuvette, by using a separate mixer or by carrying out the mixing by ultrasound. After the mixing the cuvette is transported to the incubation, measuring or other such further handling.
- the measuring needle which is generally made of commercial metal pipe.
- the tip of the needle In the measuring the tip of the needle is getting wet from outside, wherein there is an extra drop of liquid left outside the needle, causing a little error of the measuring volume.
- the error can be reduced by reducing the diameter of the needlen or its point, but then the liquid transportations are slowered and the most important property of an automatic analyzer, the speed, is weakened. If the measuring tip is used as a mixer, the narrower point additionally requires a longer mixing time. Additionally, when the diameter of the tubular measuring needle is reduced, the strength of the needle is jeopardized.
- the outer diameter of the needle has to be at least about 0.5mm and the thickness of its wall has to be at least about 0.1mm in order to give sufficient strength to it. Then the volume of the drop of liquid outside the point of the needle is typically 0.02-0.2 ⁇ l and the deviation is about 0.02-0.03 ⁇ l. When the length of the measuring needle is over 100mm, the transportation of the liquid through it will take several seconds.
- the needle according to the present invention without the above mentioned disadvantages linked to the measuring needles of the present art, and which in addition to measuring is also providing an efficient mixing of the liquid, is characterized by that the tip part of the needle has been formed conically tapering and that in the flowing duct there is a necking extending to said opening, along whic necking the flow resistance of the duct is growing to at least tenfold, wherein at the discharge stages from the opening is according to the vena contracta phenomenon an at first convergent and thereafter turbulently divergent liquid flow.
- the discharge opening(s) of the needle according to the invention has/have been directed aside from the longitu ⁇ dinal axis of the needle, it is possible to direct the discharging liquid flow with the needle towards the side wall of a conventional straight measuring cuvette and from there further towards the bottom of the cuvette.
- the flows directed towards the walls and bottom of the cuvette are made to finally collide against each other.
- the result of this and said vena contracta phenomenon is that the liquid flows loose their kinetic energy due to the turbulence generated in the cuvette. This turbulence is providing an effective mixing of the liquid, which mixing can then be further secured with to-and-fro mixing movements which have been described above.
- the needle according to the invention can be mounted essentially as such to the clinical analyzers in place of the presently used needles.
- the operation of the expensive analyzers costing even several hundreds of thousands Fmk (several tens of thousands USD) is accelerated and the capacity is increased by up to 30% without any increase in costs.
- the quality of analyses is getting better thanks to quicker and more realiable mixing.
- the point of the needle is solid.
- the solid point gives structural strength to needle, which in turn gives an opportunity to make the walls of the needle narrower.
- the flowing duct inside the needle can thus be made wider than ever and the measuring quicker, and more effective in mixing the liquid.
- the point part of the needle is tapering off conically at an angle between about 15-60°, most preferably about 15-30°.
- the diameter of the point is thereby preferably less than 0.3mm, most preferably 0.2-0.3mm.
- the solid point of the needle further gives an opportunity to form the point part of the needle in the shape of a dagger, wherein it will penetrate the rubber or plastics cap of the sample tube without any danger of obstructing the discharca openings which are directed aside.
- the caps of the sample tubes have to be removed before the sampling which is tedious and due to the possibility of splashing of samples containing AIDS vira even dangerous to the operator.
- the present invention makes it possible to take a sample into the needle and to pull away the needle without taking off the cap from the tube.
- the discharge opening(s) of the mixing and measuring needle according to the invention can be directed obliquely forward in relation to the longitudinal axis of the needle.
- the optimal angle varies depending e.g. on the form of the cuvette. It is possible that there is only one discharge opening, but most preferably there are two or several disposed at regular intervals on the different sides of the needle. Only one discharge opening requires in practise that the needle is positioned to the cuvette near its side wall and the discharge opening is directed towards the middle of the cuvette. When there are two or several disharge openings, the needle can be positioned to the middle of the cuvette, wherein liquid flows are discharged on different sides of the cuvette.
- a needle with two discharge openings is suitable for a cuvette with a rectangular cross section, a needle with three discharge openings for a cuvette with a round cross section, and a needle with four discharge openings for a cuvette with a square shaped cross section.
- the needle according the present invention can be lifted during the measuring so that the discharge opening(s) follow(s) the rising of the liquid surface in the container. If the openings are just beneath the liquid surface, an effective turbulent mixing of the hole liquid volume of the container can be effected.
- the method according to the invention for manufacturing of the mixing and measuring needle is characterized in that the manufacturing is carried out by electroforming by precipitating electrolytically a layer of a metal around an elongate needlelike mould, by removing the mould from inside the metal layer so that a tubular needle of metal is obtained having a longitudinal duct inside it, and by drilling on the side of the needle at the end of the duct at least one opening through the metal layer as an discharge opening of the duct.
- the needle is provided with a solid, conically tapering or the shape of a dagger having point by precipitating an excess of the metal round the point of the mould and the needle point formed after the precipitation stage is worked to the desired form, wherein the extra metal is removed.
- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of one, with two discharge openings provided, at its point conically tapering point part of a mixing and measuring needle according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 presents the needle of Fig. 1 seen from the direction of its point.
- Fig. 3 presents corresponding the Fig. 2 a needle with three discharge openings.
- Fig. 4 presents corresponding the Fig. 2 a needle with four discharge openings.
- Fig. 5 presents corresponding the Fig. 2 a needle with one curved discharge opening
- Fig. 6 presents a at its point dagger-shaped needle according to the invention, seen from the side and partly opened.
- Fig. 7 is section VII-VII from Fig. 6,
- Fig. 8 is section VIII-VIII from Fig. 7,
- Fig. 9 is section IX-IX from Fig. 7,
- Fig. 10 presents the measuring of a liquid to a measuring cuvette with the needle according to Figs. 1 and 2,
- Fig. 11 presents the measuring of a liquid to a measuring cuvette with the needle according to Fig. 5,
- Figs. 12-14 present the stepwise manufacturing of a needle by electroforming
- Fig. 15 presents the aspiration stage of the inventive mixing of a liquid quantity, wherein liquid is aspirated from a container to the flowing duct of a needle,
- Fig. 16 presents the discharge stage of the mixing, wherein liquid is sprayed from the needle back into the container
- Figs. 17 and 18 present the aspiration and discharge stages of the mixing according to the invention, wherein the needle used is different from the one presented in Figs. 15 and 16, and
- Fig. 1 presents the provision of to-and-fro mixing movements by the repeated compressions directed to the hose which is as an extension of the needle.
- the mixing and measuring needle (1) according to Figs. 1 and 2 comprises an elongate, tubular shaft (2) which defines inside itself a flowing duct (3).
- the shaft (2) is preferably of ironless nickel cobalt and it can have on its inner surface a layer of a noble metal.
- the flowing duct (3) is ending in two discharge openings (4), which have been directed obiquely forward at an angle of about 45° in relation to the longitudinal axis of the needle.
- the form of the point part of the needle (1) is according to Fig. 1 a tapering circular cone, and the needle is ending in the solid point (5) .
- the diameter of flowing duct (3) is typically between 0.7mm and 2.5mm, the thickness of the wall of shaft (2) is typically 3-10% of the diameter of duct (3), the diameter of the point (5) of the needle is preferably about 0.2-0.3mm and diameter of the discharge opening (4) is preferably about 0.1-0.4mm.
- the flow resistance is increasing at the tapering part of the cone inside the flowing duct (3) to at least tenfold.
- FIG. 3 can be seen, looking upwards, the mixing and measuring needle (1) , which is different from that presented in Figs. 1 and 2 only in that there are three discharge openings (4) and that they are disposed at angles of 120° on the different sides of the needle.
- Fig. 4 is correspondingly seen the needle (1) with four discharge openings (4) which are disposed at angles of 90° on the different sides of the needle.
- Fig. 5 the needle (1) only has one curved discharge opening (4). Otherwise even this needle corresponds the one presented in Figs. 1 and 2.
- the mixing and measuring needle (1) presented in Figs. 6-9 corresponds in respect of the flowing duct (3) and the discharge openings (4) inside the shaft the needle presented in Fig. 1. Also the side profiles of the needles (1) are essentially the same (cf. Figs. 1 and 6). Only seen from the front the shape of a dagger needle differs due to its broader form (Fig. 7). The needle has sharp edges 2' and it is characterized in the ability to penetrate the rubber or plastics cap of the sample tube so that the sample can be aspirated ti the needle without taking off the cap from the tube.
- the disposing to the side of the discharge openings (4) of the needle (1) protects them from getting obstructed when they are passing through the cap.
- the needle (1) has preferably a titanium nitride coating, wherein the durability of edges (2') of the section is increasing.
- Fig. 10 presents the measuring of a liquid with the needle (1) of Figs. 1 and 2 to a straight, flat-bottomed cuvette (6).
- the cross section of cuvette (6) can be square shaped or rectangular, or it can also be round.
- the jets of liquid discharged according vena contracta phenomenon from the discharge openings (4) of the needle (1) are directed towards the side walls (7) of the cuvette (6), from where they are bent further towards the bottom (8) of the cuvette, to a minor ectent towards the surface (10) of the liquid (9).
- the jets are scattering, colliding to each other and loose their kinetic energy to the generated turbulence which causes mixing of the liquid (9) in the cuvette.
- the needle (1) can be liftet so that etta its point and the discharge opening are continuously kept near the surface (10) of the liquid.
- Fig. 11 presents the measuring of a liquid with the needle (1) according to Fig. 5 to the cuvette (6), the cross section of which is most suitably roud.
- the needle (1) is taken to the cuvette (6) near its side wall (7), and the liquid is let to discharge from the curved discharge opening (4) of the needle, which opening is directed towards the centre of the cuvette.
- the manufacture of the mixing and measuring needle (1) according to the invention 1 is preferably carried out by using electroformation.
- Figs. 12, 13, and 14 present the different phases of the manufacture.
- an elongate, needlelike aluminum mould (11) is used, inside which the is a duct (13) which extends to the point (12) of the mould.
- a layer (14) of nickel cobalt wherein the share of cobalt is on most suitably some few percents.
- the thickness of the nickel cobalt layer (14) is otherwise corresponding the wall thickness of the needle (1) to be manufactured, but around the point part of the mould (11) nickel cobalt is precipitated in an excess so that the expansion (15) seen in Fig. 12 is provided.
- the intention of this is to provide to the needle (1) a solid, conically tapering point (5).
- the expansion (15) surrounding the point (12) of the mould is tooled by first making to its point the bevellings (16) according to Fig. 13 at an angle of 45° in relation to the longitudinal axis of the mould (11). Thereafter the borings (17) perpendicular to the bevellings (16) are drilled extending to the internal duct (13).
- the borings (17) the discharge openings (4) of the needle to be manufactured, which openings have been directed obiquely forward at an anfle of 45° in relation to the longitudinal axis of the needle.
- the needle (1) according to Figs. 6-9 having a dagger shaped point part can be manufactured by electroforming by using a completely similar aluminum mould (11).
- the only difference compared to the above presented is that the expansion (15) is not tooled to a tapering circular cone but to the dagger form according to Figs. 6 and 7.
- the manufacturing process can, if desired, be modified so that a thin layer of a noble metal is first precipitated around the aluminum mould (11), and the nickel cobalt is thereafter precipitated on the noble metal layer.
- a thin layer of a noble metal is first precipitated around the aluminum mould (11), and the nickel cobalt is thereafter precipitated on the noble metal layer.
- an inner surface of a noble metal defining the flowing duct (3) is provided to the needle.
- the outer surface of the needle can be coated with a noble metal. It is also possible that the removal of the aluminum mould is taking place already at an earlier stage than mentioned above, e.g. immediately after drilling of the borings (17) .
- a container (6) which comprises a cuvette used in automatic analyzers.
- the mixing is carried out with the needle (1) , which comprises a tubular shaft (2), a flowing duct (3) inside the shaft, and a aspiration and discharge opening (4) at the point of the needle, at the end of the flowing duct. Otherwise the flowing duct (3) having a constant diameter is ending to the conical narrowing (19) extending to the opening (4) at the point of the needle (1) , during the lengt of which narrowing the diameter of the duct is converging from e.g. about 1mm to below 0.5mm, so that the flow resistance increases to at least tenfold.
- the mixing is taking place according to Figs. 15 and 16 with to-and-fro movements, wherein with the needle (1), the point (4) of which is below the liquid surface (10) in the cuvette, liquid is alternately aspirated from the cuvette to the flowing duct (3) inside the needle and squirted liquid from the duct back to the cuvette. Then the linear velocity of the liquid jet flowing to the cuvette at the medium distance of the liquid to be mixed is multiple compared to the velocity of the liquid flowing to the needle at the same point.
- the liquid quantity to be moved to-and-fro is typically of order l ⁇ l, which is suitably 0.1-5% of the total volume of the liquid quantity (9) which is in the cuvette and is to be mixed, although it can be even more.
- This mixing is essentially enhanced by the vena contracta phenomenon induced by the tapering narrowing (19) of the flowing duct (3), according to which phenomenon the liquid jet (20) discharged from the opening (4) is first converging and thereafter broadening and begins to break up as a turbulence because of the aspiration influencing on the edges of the jet.
- to cuvette (6) can be mixed a liquid quantity (9) which has been measured in advance by what so ever method.
- same needle (1) can anyhow be used with which the liquid quantity (9) is thereafter mixed according to the invention.
- the measuring of the liquid to the cuvette (6) and mixing are taking place simultaneously.
- the liquid to be measured is then in the flowing duct (3) of the needle (1) , and a little larger liquid quantity is each time squirted from the needle to the cuvette (6) than is aspirated from the cuvette to the needle.
- the needle (1) is emptied from the liquid to be measured during the simultaneous measuring and mixing provided by the to-and-fro movements.
- the cuvette contained 90 ⁇ l of a liquid, which in order to test the mixing had been thickened with extra protein to 100-fold.
- lO ⁇ l of an other liquid with a thickness corresponding that of water was measured with a needle, wherein the diameter of the two aspiration and discharge openings was 0,25 mm.
- the oparation took 1 second and the frequency of the to-and-fro movements were 50Hz, wherein the operation comprized 50 successive aspiration and spraying stages.
- the liquid quantity aspirated to the needle was l ⁇ l and the liquid quantity discarged at each discharge stage from the needle to the cuvette was 1.2 ⁇ l.
- the linear flowing rate of the liquid jets discharged to the cuvette was about 5 meters per second as measured in air, because the mixing turbulence inside the liquid made the measuring impossible.
- the linear flowing rate of the aspiration stage as measured microscopi ⁇ cally by using micropartikles is less than O.Olm/s.
- the mixing was optically complete at the end of the measuring, while the mixing by moving the needle with the speed of the moving method in question the mixing wasn't complete even with the mixing time of 5 second after the measuring.
- Figs. 17 and 18 presented successive, repeated aspiration and discharge stages of the mixing of the liquid quantity (9) in the cuvette (6) correspond generally the above described ones.
- the point (5) of the needle (1) is sharply tapering and solid.
- liquid is aspirated by the needle (1) from openings (4) to the flowing duct (3) inside the needle substantially in the same manner as with the needle according to Figs. 15 and 16.
- the liquid jets are directed from the openings (4) first towards the side walls (7) of the cuvette (6) , from where they turn towards the bottom (8) of the cuvette and towards each other.
- the mixing is even more effective than in the case presented in Fig. 16, in addition to which one advantage is that the liquid jets directed towards the sides of the needle (1) better keep in place the liquid (9) to be mixed in the cuvette without any risk of splashing.
- Fig. 19 represents needle (1), the point of which is in the liquid (9) to me mixed in the cuvette (6), which needle is connected to a feed pipe which is formed of a flexible rubber pipe or a flexible plastics or metal pipe (21).
- the pipe (21) has been led between a piezo crystal formed by two metal coated ceramic plates (22).
- bending plates (22) provided, on pipe (21) concentrated repeated compressions alternately reduce and add the volume of the pipe, so that the needle (1) when the pipe is largening is aspirating liquid from the cuvette (6) and when volume of the pipe is reduced, is squirting the liquid back to the cuvette.
- the plates (22) are most preferably at a little angle in relation to each other so that the compression seals the pipe (21) beginning from that end of the compression area which is more distant from the cuvette (6). This quarantees that the squirting is always directed towards the cuvette (6).
- the corresponding to-and-fro movements of the liquid could also be provided by a solenoid valve by bringing the pipe (21) between a solid dolly and a piston which is engaged in turns to different directions by alternately a spring force and a magnetic force generated by a magnetic force.
- the mixing and measuring needle can for example in addition to the discharge openings comprise an axial discharge opening at the point of the needle, from where the liquid flow is directed straight downwards.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6501163A JPH07507488A (en) | 1992-06-17 | 1993-06-16 | A method for mixing analytical liquids contained in a container, a mixing/measuring needle and its manufacturing method |
EP93913048A EP0647161A1 (en) | 1992-06-17 | 1993-06-16 | Method for mixing a quantity of liquid in a container for an analysis, a mixing and measuring needle and method for manufacturing the needle |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI922805A FI93702C (en) | 1992-06-17 | 1992-06-17 | The dosing method, the dosing needle intended for it and the method for manufacturing the dosing needle |
FI922804 | 1992-06-17 | ||
FI922804A FI91041C (en) | 1992-06-17 | 1992-06-17 | A method of mixing a batch of liquid in a vessel for analysis |
FI922805 | 1992-06-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993025309A1 true WO1993025309A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
Family
ID=26159267
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FI1993/000263 WO1993025309A1 (en) | 1992-06-17 | 1993-06-16 | Method for mixing a quantity of liquid in a container for an analysis, a mixing and measuring needle and method for manufacturing the needle |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0647161A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH07507488A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993025309A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0670483A2 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-09-06 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Liquid mixing method |
EP1138372A2 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2001-10-04 | ARKRAY, Inc. | Method for stirring liquid |
EP1498736A1 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-01-19 | Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. | Method for mixing a liquid in an analyzer |
WO2007022667A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-01 | Capitalbio Corporation | Multiple autopipette apparatus and method of operation |
EP1795264A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2007-06-13 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Fluid repellant needle |
WO2007116083A1 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2007-10-18 | Diasys Diagnostic Systems | Method for metering and mixing |
WO2009149536A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-17 | Ekologix Earth-Friendly Solutions Inc. | Apparatus and process for treatment of wastewater and biological nutrient removal in activated sludge systems |
US11016008B2 (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2021-05-25 | Illumina, Inc. | Reagent nozzle sipper mixing system and method |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3022697A (en) * | 1956-12-04 | 1962-02-27 | Conn Ltd C G | Electroformed mouthpipe and mouthpiece receiver |
DE2722586A1 (en) * | 1976-05-31 | 1977-11-24 | Olympus Optical Co | Pipette for culturing liquids - includes perforated attachment to ensure mixing of culture liquid |
GB2030897A (en) * | 1978-07-01 | 1980-04-16 | Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe | Producing a nozzle body by electroforming |
DE3115567A1 (en) * | 1980-04-18 | 1982-04-08 | Beckman Instruments Inc., 92634 Fullerton, Calif. | METHOD FOR GUARANTEING THE RECORDING AND DELIVERING OF A DESIRED VOLUME VOLUME, AND AUTOMATED PIPETTE HERE |
-
1993
- 1993-06-16 JP JP6501163A patent/JPH07507488A/en active Pending
- 1993-06-16 EP EP93913048A patent/EP0647161A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-06-16 WO PCT/FI1993/000263 patent/WO1993025309A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3022697A (en) * | 1956-12-04 | 1962-02-27 | Conn Ltd C G | Electroformed mouthpipe and mouthpiece receiver |
DE2722586A1 (en) * | 1976-05-31 | 1977-11-24 | Olympus Optical Co | Pipette for culturing liquids - includes perforated attachment to ensure mixing of culture liquid |
GB2030897A (en) * | 1978-07-01 | 1980-04-16 | Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe | Producing a nozzle body by electroforming |
DE3115567A1 (en) * | 1980-04-18 | 1982-04-08 | Beckman Instruments Inc., 92634 Fullerton, Calif. | METHOD FOR GUARANTEING THE RECORDING AND DELIVERING OF A DESIRED VOLUME VOLUME, AND AUTOMATED PIPETTE HERE |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0670483A2 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-09-06 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Liquid mixing method |
EP0670483A3 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1998-04-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Liquid mixing method |
US7401971B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2008-07-22 | Arkray, Inc. | Method for stirring liquid |
EP1138372A3 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2004-01-07 | ARKRAY, Inc. | Method for stirring liquid |
EP1138372A2 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2001-10-04 | ARKRAY, Inc. | Method for stirring liquid |
EP1498736A1 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-01-19 | Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. | Method for mixing a liquid in an analyzer |
WO2007022667A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-01 | Capitalbio Corporation | Multiple autopipette apparatus and method of operation |
WO2007116083A1 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2007-10-18 | Diasys Diagnostic Systems | Method for metering and mixing |
DE102006017360A1 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2007-10-18 | Diasys Diagnostic Systems Gmbh | Method for dosing and mixing |
US8246239B2 (en) | 2006-04-11 | 2012-08-21 | Diasys Diagnostic Systems Gmbh | Method of metering and mixing |
EP1795264A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2007-06-13 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Fluid repellant needle |
WO2009149536A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-17 | Ekologix Earth-Friendly Solutions Inc. | Apparatus and process for treatment of wastewater and biological nutrient removal in activated sludge systems |
EP2318127A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2011-05-11 | Ekologix Earth-friendly Solutions Inc. | Apparatus and process for treatment of wastewater and biological nutrient removal in activated sludge systems |
EP2318127A4 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2012-12-12 | Ekologix Earth Friendly Solutions Inc | Apparatus and process for treatment of wastewater and biological nutrient removal in activated sludge systems |
US11016008B2 (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2021-05-25 | Illumina, Inc. | Reagent nozzle sipper mixing system and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0647161A1 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
JPH07507488A (en) | 1995-08-24 |
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