WO1993017159A1 - Reactor para la produccion de fibras cortas ceramicas a partir de gases - Google Patents
Reactor para la produccion de fibras cortas ceramicas a partir de gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993017159A1 WO1993017159A1 PCT/ES1993/000012 ES9300012W WO9317159A1 WO 1993017159 A1 WO1993017159 A1 WO 1993017159A1 ES 9300012 W ES9300012 W ES 9300012W WO 9317159 A1 WO9317159 A1 WO 9317159A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fibers
- substrate
- length
- gases
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
- D01F9/1271—Alkanes or cycloalkanes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
- D01F9/1271—Alkanes or cycloalkanes
- D01F9/1272—Methane
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
- D01F9/1278—Carbon monoxide
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
- D01F9/133—Apparatus therefor
Definitions
- Carbon fibers are used as a reinforcing element in the manufacture of polymeric, metallic or ceramic matrix composites.
- the level of characteristics of composite materials depends, in addition to other aspects such as amount of reinforcement incorporated, fiber orientation etc. , and the quality of the fiber, which runs even at its price.
- the composite materials that must be produced at a moderate cost are limited to the use of only reduced price fibers, such as fiber glass.
- High performance fibers such as silicon carbide, aramid and carbon fibers, are limited to be used in those materials composed of very high performance levels (aerospace and defense industry, for example), which They can afford high costs.
- the carbon fiber-graphite concept covers a large sample of ceramic fibers, of pure graphite from the chemical point of view, but with a wide variation in as regards its degree of graffiti and structure-properties relationship. Basically these three big families are:
- ex-PAN carbon-graphite fiber so called because it is manufactured from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or rayon textile yarn, which is roasted and pyrolyzed until only the skeleton remains of the starting polymer or precursor from the heavily textured graphite network.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- rayon textile yarn which is roasted and pyrolyzed until only the skeleton remains of the starting polymer or precursor from the heavily textured graphite network.
- ex-PITCH carbon-graphite fiber so called because it is manufactured from tar or tar, to which additives are added to stimulate the formation of a "mesophase".
- this pitch is shaped as a thread and then subjected to a pyrolization treatment such as conventional graphite. Its mechanical characteristics are due to the reduced grain size of the graphite processed in this way.
- this ex-Pitch fiber was going to be the carbon fiber that would displace the ex-PAN for its lower price, but the only types of high-performance ex-Pitch fiber correspond to fibers Young's high modulus and very low elongation at breakage, so its potential market is very small.
- VGCF Vapor Growth Carbon Fiber Fibers
- obtaining relatively long ceramic fibers by pyrolysis or reduction of appropriate gases is achieved by passing a gaseous mixture through a substrate [6] (in principle a wire mesh or steel wire cloth) placed frontally to the direction of the gas stream and placed in an oven [4] where the gas reaches a temperature of the order of 1 000 ° C.
- the device outlined in the aforementioned figure 1, consists of the corresponding gas tanks, [1] hydrocarbon and [2] carrier or activating gas or gases, a preheating mixing chamber [3], said furnace [4] a whose outlet [5] collects or destroys flammable gases, and the grid [6] from whose surface, properly activated, carbon fibers grow.
- stainless steel is indicated in the bibliography as suitable material for the fibers to grow on it, in principle (and without limiting it) it can be used to manufacture the substrate, which according to the present invention , and as shown in figure 2, it can be
- a metal mesh disk of appropriate light made of stainless steel wire.
- the operational conditions of temperature, composition of the mixture and time required are conventional.
- the operating temperature is preferably 1,065 ° C, and the reactant atmosphere is 85% hydrogen with 15% methane;
- the operation time is one hour.
- the essence of the invention is that the gas passes through the substrate located frontally to the flow passage, so that since the flow (in which turbulence should be avoided) parallel to the direction of fiber growth, they can reach a length of up to 10 or 12 cm, with a thickness of 4 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the device consists of a preheating and homogenization chamber [3] of the mixture, which although not an essential part of the invention, from a practical point of view, is essential in order to save energy and decrease the time it takes to reach the working regime temperature.
- the geometry of the furnace (except being tubular) or the heating system an essential part of the invention. Due to its ease of regulation, electric heating is advisable. Electric power consumption heating supports two equally valid variants, Joule effect heating, and induction heating. In the first case it takes longer to reach the working temperature, and in the second the cost of equipment is higher.
- the substrates which in principle may be those indicated in Figure 2, may, strictly speaking, be used interchangeably both in the Joule effect heating system and in the induction heating system. However, this topic will be discussed in more detail later.
- the furnace can be as long as desired, with an operating time that grows with its length.
- the duration of the operation can be minimized.
- the word substrate is used to define an object on which the fiber growth takes place.
- the substrate is a support that either by its own nature or because seeds are provided (which will be discussed later) allows such growth.
- Figure 2 various geometric shapes have been shown that can be given to the substrates, whose periphery has been drawn circular assuming that it has to be adapted to a cylindrical housing, but they could also have another shape, for example square.
- Figure 6 shows a different type of substrate formed by a spirally wound wire, to which, optionally, a second spiral of thinner wire can be wound as shown in the lower part of the figure.
- a wide range of metallic materials can be used, with the only requirement that they withstand the operating temperature (between 600 and 1 300 ° C) without deteriorating or losing shape (none rust because the oven works with reducing atmosphere).
- any quality ceramic material alumina, mullite, silicon carbide, etc. can also be used.
- the grooves or perforations present the jagged edges, which improve the fertility of the substrate since they stimulate the accumulation of the tiny seeds.
- the substrates can be used directly, in direct contact with the furnace wall (which in this case acts as a housing), although it is preferable to use them wrapped in a tubular wire netting.
- the mask as already defined (passive wall with flow regulating perforations, located frontally to its direction), constitutes a perforated screen whose mission is to provide a redistribution of the gas flow to make it more uniform and regular and they must be positioned, as shown in figures 3, 4 and 5, at the inlet and outlet of the gas. Its use is very convenient but does not constitute an essential part of the invention.
- Figure 7 shows different forms of masks with which good results have been achieved, forms that, of course, can be varied without affecting the essence of the invention. They can be manufactured interchangeably with the graphite cardboard already mentioned or with any of the metallic or ceramic materials already described for the previous ones.
- organometallic compounds especially advisable to form seeds that give rise to very fine fibers (thickness ⁇ 4 ⁇ m).
- inorganic salts of transition metals especially indicated (iron salts) to form fibers of intermediate thickness (3 ⁇ m ⁇ 0 ⁇ 7 ⁇ m), or to form thick fibers (double anion salts) with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m ⁇ 0 ⁇
- organometallic compounds there may be mentioned ferrocene, thiophene, Cr and Ni metallocene, oxalates (from Fe, Ni, Cr and Co).
- Inorganic we can indicate nitrates, nitrites, sulfates (and ammonium sulfates) and chlorides (alone, mixed and with additions such as potassium and sodium hydroxide).
- the same salts of Zr, V, W, Mo, Mn, Pd, Ir and Pt can also be used with less efficiency.
- the dilution margins of each are very wide and not very significant in their result; As a general rule, it can be said that they are used in concentrations between 50% and 80% of saturation.
- hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane and butane; alkenes, such as ethylene, butadiene, etc; alkynes, such as acetylene, etc; arical hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, styrene, etc; aromatic condensed ring hydrocarbons, such as indene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, etc; cycloparaffins, such as cyclopropylene, cycloexano, etc .; cycloolefins such as cyclopentene, cycloexen, etc; alicyclic condensed ring hydrocarbons, such as steroids, etc; sulfurated aliphatic compounds such as methyllotiol, methyl-ethyl sulfide, methyl ethyl sulfide, dimethylthioketone, etc; sulfur aromatic compounds, such as fenitrol, diphen
- the structure and properties of the fibers produced depend very little on the hydrocarbon chosen, so such a choice is usually made in terms of costs, degree of toxicity and danger of handling, process time, etc.
- Figure 8 shows the dimensioning of the elementary device.
- Example 2 Figure 9 shows the multi-compartment reactor of decreasing length in the direction of flow.
- the operating conditions are as follows: * Warming by Joule effect.
- the present reactor can be used to obtain ceramic fibers other than those of carbon.
- ceramic fibers other than those of carbon For example, using the mixture of gases and temperatures described by Motojima and Hasegawa [Journal of Crystal Growth, 87, (1988), 311-317], SiC fibers with the lengths and thicknesses described in the previous examples for VGCF fibers can be obtained .
- the operating conditions for this specific case are:
- Metal salts are used as seeds.
- the deposition temperature is maintained between 1 030 and 1 200 ° C.
- An atmosphere consisting of Si 2 Cl 6 , CH 4 , H 2 and Ar is used with a C / Si ratio of 2 and a minimum of 10% of H 2 and a maximum of Ar of 40%.
- Double spiral variant ..
- Figure 8 Type reactor layout
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK93905349T DK0604654T3 (da) | 1992-02-24 | 1993-02-24 | Reaktor til fremstilling af korte keramiske fibre ud fra gas |
EP93905349A EP0604654B1 (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1993-02-24 | Reactor for the production of short ceramic fibers from gas |
DE69324663T DE69324663T2 (de) | 1992-02-24 | 1993-02-24 | Reaktor zur herstellung von kurzen keramischen fasern aus gasen |
GR990401849T GR3030764T3 (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1999-07-14 | Reactor for the production of short ceramic fibers from gas. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ESP9200402 | 1992-02-24 | ||
ES09200402A ES2041215B1 (es) | 1992-02-24 | 1992-02-24 | Reactor para la mejora del rendimiento e incremento de la longitud de las fibras cortas ceramicas, especialmente de carbono, producidas a partir de gases. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993017159A1 true WO1993017159A1 (es) | 1993-09-02 |
Family
ID=8276169
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES1993/000012 WO1993017159A1 (es) | 1992-02-24 | 1993-02-24 | Reactor para la produccion de fibras cortas ceramicas a partir de gases |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0604654B1 (es) |
AT (1) | ATE179466T1 (es) |
DE (1) | DE69324663T2 (es) |
DK (1) | DK0604654T3 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2041215B1 (es) |
GR (1) | GR3030764T3 (es) |
WO (1) | WO1993017159A1 (es) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5024818A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1991-06-18 | General Motors Corporation | Apparatus for forming carbon fibers |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4572813A (en) * | 1983-09-06 | 1986-02-25 | Nikkiso Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing fine carbon fibers in a gaseous phase reaction |
EP0222492A2 (en) * | 1985-10-31 | 1987-05-20 | General Motors Corporation | Pressure pulse stimulation of graphite fibre growth |
DE69119838T2 (de) * | 1990-07-30 | 1996-10-02 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Apparat und Verfahren zur Herstellung von dünnen Kohlenstoffasern durch Dampf-Phasen-Pyrolyse |
-
1992
- 1992-02-24 ES ES09200402A patent/ES2041215B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-02-24 AT AT93905349T patent/ATE179466T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-24 DK DK93905349T patent/DK0604654T3/da active
- 1993-02-24 EP EP93905349A patent/EP0604654B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-24 ES ES93905349T patent/ES2135465T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-24 DE DE69324663T patent/DE69324663T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-24 WO PCT/ES1993/000012 patent/WO1993017159A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
1999
- 1999-07-14 GR GR990401849T patent/GR3030764T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5024818A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1991-06-18 | General Motors Corporation | Apparatus for forming carbon fibers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0604654T3 (da) | 1999-11-08 |
GR3030764T3 (en) | 1999-11-30 |
ATE179466T1 (de) | 1999-05-15 |
EP0604654B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
EP0604654A1 (en) | 1994-07-06 |
ES2041215A1 (es) | 1993-11-01 |
DE69324663D1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
DE69324663T2 (de) | 1999-12-02 |
ES2135465T3 (es) | 1999-11-01 |
ES2041215B1 (es) | 1994-05-16 |
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