WO1993014546A1 - Conduit prelubrifie - Google Patents

Conduit prelubrifie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993014546A1
WO1993014546A1 PCT/US1993/000402 US9300402W WO9314546A1 WO 1993014546 A1 WO1993014546 A1 WO 1993014546A1 US 9300402 W US9300402 W US 9300402W WO 9314546 A1 WO9314546 A1 WO 9314546A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
duct
prelubricated
powder
layer
producing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1993/000402
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert B. Washburn
Frank V. Apicella
Original Assignee
Arnco Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arnco Corporation filed Critical Arnco Corporation
Publication of WO1993014546A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993014546A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
    • F16L9/133—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement the walls consisting of two layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/02—Details
    • H02G3/04—Protective tubing or conduits, e.g. cable ladders or cable troughs
    • H02G3/0462—Tubings, i.e. having a closed section
    • H02G3/0481—Tubings, i.e. having a closed section with a circular cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2201/00—Polymeric substrate or laminate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2401/00—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like
    • B05D2401/30—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant
    • B05D2401/32—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant applied as powders

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to lubricants for use in cable conveying ducts and, more particularly, to prelubrication of a duct to facilitate the insertion of cable therethrough.
  • the lubrication in this case is generally provided by a silicone polymer, such as polydimethylsiloxane, which is either precompounded into the thermoplastic or injected into the plastic melt just prior to the coextrusion die, trapping the lubricant in the body of the lubricative film which is coextruded along side of the principal wall of the duct.
  • a silicone polymer such as polydimethylsiloxane
  • it must first migrate out to the surface of the film. During the installation or removal of cable this can be a problem because the incoming cable can wipe away the minor amount of lubricant which is present on the surface of the lubricated film.
  • liquid spraying of a lubricative material allows for the even treatment of the entire length of the duct as it is extruded. Unlike coextrusion, the complete complement of lubricant is present on the surface of the duct, where it can be most effective.
  • Spraying systems for in-process spray application are a low cost alternate to coextrusion systems. However, there are limits on the viscosity of the liquid that can be properly atomized to allow for useful spray properties. Furthermore, because duct lengths are continuous, solvent systems cannot be employed to adjust viscosity. The presence of higher relative amounts of lubricant has demonstrated significantly improved performance in friction reduction over the coextruded product.
  • this method of lubrication is not as permanent as the coextruded product, since the lubricant is a low molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane which may drain or migrate out of the duct over time. Therefore, the lubricative effect of the liquid-sprayed material is limited by physical process constraints.
  • the least effective method of prelubrication is the fill-and-roll approach wherein a reel or coil of duct is charged with a quantity of lubricant, capped and then rolled to drive the liquid back into the duct.
  • the lubricant does not always have the opportunity to evenly coat the entire length of duct and, in fact, must rely on the incoming cable to complete the dispersement.
  • a goal of the present invention is to provide a duct with a lubricating film on the interior walls to facilitate placement of cables or other objects through it.
  • Duct types include all shapes, such as round, ellipsoid, triangular, square, etc.; additionally, the profile of the duct can be corrugated, longitudinally ribbed, spirally ribbed, oscillatingly spiral- ribbed, smooth-wall, etc.
  • a further goal of the present invention is to produce a permanently lubricating film on the interior or exterior surfaces of a duct, or on the exterior surface of a cable and/or pull line that will not wash off, trap dust or dirt, drain or flow from the surface on which it is applied.
  • items to be coated in this invention include inner and outer surfaces of ducts, cables and wires to be inserted therethrough, and lines, wires, tapes, etc., used for pulling wires and cables through ducts.
  • the foregoing goals may be accomplished by providing a duct or other item to be inserted in or through the duct with a low-friction powder coated surface.
  • Compounded blends including lubricants are reduced to powders through conventional grinding techniques and delivered as a powder to the surface of the item to be treated during the extrusion process. Upon contact with the hot surfaces of the item the powder coating reacts and fuses to the item resulting in a uniform and permanent lubricating film.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows the components of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a smoothwall duct having inner and outer lubricative layers formed in accordance with the present invention, and including a cable with an outer lubricative layer placed within the duct
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a ribbed duct having an inner lubricative layer formed in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing of the testing equipment configuration used to test the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a spirally ribbed duct
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a corrugated-wall duct.
  • the present invention is directed towards the formulation of a lubricative coating on the interior surface of an extruded plastic pipe or duct.
  • the lubricating coating is applied in a powder or liquid form. If a powder is applied, the temperature of the duct immediately following extrusion melts the solid and, when cooled, the solid fuses with the duct. Alternatively, if a thermosetting powder or liquid is employed, the temperature of the duct immediately following extrusion causes cross-linking, both within the solid and between the solid and the surface of the duct or other item, thus fusing the coating with the duct or item.
  • the powder coating to be applied to the extruded duct is produced by known techniques and delivered to the duct via a fluidized bed 10, a metering pump 14, an air mixing valve 18 and a spray wand 20.
  • the powder can be produced by any one of several known conventional methods of grinding, to arrive at a powder having the desired particulate size and density.
  • the powder size is between 2 and 400 microns, including blends thereof.
  • the powder comprises lubricating materials such as: silicones, fluoropolymers, graphite, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives, etc.
  • additive resin chosen from the group comprising polyolefins, polyolefin waxes, polyamides, acrylics, polyesters, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyvinyl- chloride, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, silicon copolymers, fluoroppolymers and other organic high molecular weight polymers capable of being thermally melt processed
  • the additive may further comprise at least one thermosetting resin selected from the group including epoxies, acrylics, polyurethanes, polyesters, vinyl esters, polyamides, silicones, and other organic polymers capable of being thermally melted and cross-linked.
  • Powder having an appropriate composition and particulate size is input to a fluidized bed 10 from a feed hopper 8.
  • Pressurized air from a compressed air source 12 is input to the fluidized bed 10, dispersing the powder in dry air.
  • the fluidized bed 8 is provided with a filter vent 7, which vents excess air to atmosphere.
  • the metering pump 14, which operates on the same principles as a venturi, draws powder and air from the fluidized bed 8 and mixes it with additional air, conveying the mixture to the spray wand 20.
  • the size of the particles should be uniform within the powder-air mixture to ensure that appropriately-sized powder particles are being used.
  • the air mixing valve 18 introduces additional air into the particle stream to help convey the particle mixture to the spray wand 20.
  • the spray wand 20 is placed in the die to deliver the powder directly on the interior surface of the just- extruded duct.
  • a series of spray wands could be used to deliver powder to the exterior surface of the just-extruded duct in conjunction with the internal application.
  • the duct can be made of any conventional material, such as ABS, polyolefin, PVC, or nylon.
  • the pipe or duct can have any shape, such as square, round, triangular or other, and can have a surface profile such as s oothwall, ribbed, corrugated, multicell, or spiral ribbed.
  • the spray wand 20 cools to prevent premature melting of the powder, which would result in the occlusion of the wand.
  • the spray wand is designed so that other materials, such as pull tapes, ropes, cables and wires, can be inserted into the extruded duct.
  • the surface temperature of the duct causes the powder, which is applied on the surface thereof, to melt and form a liquid lubricative coating or film.
  • the surface temperature of the duct immediately following extrusion remains hot for several feet following the extrusion die, depending on the exact nature of the plastic.
  • the lubricants to be powderized and sprayed onto the surface of the duct are chosen from the group having a melting temperature not greater than the extrusion temperature of the polymer of the duct, and preferably is in the range of 240° to 260°F.
  • the lubricative layer fuses to the duct and the combination solidifies into a rigid outer duct layer and a solid inner bonded coating of lubrication.
  • the prelubricated duct produced according to the present invention results in a duct having a lubricative layer which is bonded to the inner wall of the duct.
  • the thickness of the lubricative layer is between .001 and .050 inches, and can be of either smooth or rough texture, and may cover the inner surface of the duct either continuously or intermittently.
  • the lubricative layer 22 is formed on the interior surface of the main wall portion of the duct 24, regardless of the configuration or shape of that surface.
  • the present method is suitable for application on various ducts and is not limited to application on the specific duct shapes shown herein.
  • FIG. 2 also shows an outer lubricative layer 23 formed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 additionally shows a cable 25 coated with an outer lubricrative layer 26 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Testing has shown that ducts having a lubricative layer formed in accordance with the present invention are superior in performance to the methods of prelubrication previously known in the art. The following examples are provided to illustrate the invention.
  • EXAMPLE 1 One hundred parts of a basic straight chain polyolefin resin was mixed with 52.2 parts of a solution containing 83.3 percent 1,1,1-Trichloroethane and 16.7 percent polydimethylsiloxane polymer having an average kinematic viscosity of 60,000 cSt.
  • the polyolefin resin was produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process and was micronized to a particle size distribution such that the average particle size was 2.5 microns with a maximum particle size of 10 microns.
  • the polyolefin resin has a melting point of 241°F and a density of .95 g/cc.
  • the mixing was carried out using a spatula for approximately one minute at which time the polyolefin powder was thoroughly wetted with the solution. This mixture was then spread onto a mylar film and allowed to dry. After thoroughly drying, the mixture was easily broken up into a fine powder. The powder was applied as described hereinabove.
  • EXAMPLE 2 One hundred parts of a polyethylene wax (melting point of 243°F and density of 0.94 g/cc) was heated to its melting point and thoroughly mixed with eight parts by weight polydimethylsiloxane polymer having an average kinematic viscosity of 60,000 cSt. Upon cooling this mixture solidified. It was then ground and micronized with an air jet mill and screened. The resulting material was 100 percent finer than 192 microns with a median particle size of 47.5 microns. This composition was sprayed into the extruded duct using the same method as above. Results obtained were equivalent to that in Example 1.
  • PERFORMANCE TESTING The coefficient of friction and pulling tensions of 0.5" Seicor fiber optic cable (MDPE jacket) in various lubricated and unlubricated ducts (HDPE ducts) was measured using the test method described by Bellcore TA- TSY-000356, Issue 2, February 1990.
  • PROCEDURE As shown in FIG. 4, the test bench consists of a 40" diameter metal drum 37 rigidly fixed to a column beam, a hydraulic winch 32 with tension monitoring and strip chart recording, a "frictionless” pulley block 42 attached to a beam suspended 20 feet off the floor, and a variable load set 46 ranging in 25 pound increments from 25 to 250 pounds.
  • a length of duct 36 to be evaluated was wrapped one and a quarter turns about the drum 37 and attached at both ends.
  • a 36 foot sample of fiber optical cable 38 with a medium density polyethylene sheath was threaded through the duct 36 about the fixed drum 37 and attached at both ends to Kevlar pull tapes 44.
  • the end leading into the duct was threaded around the pulley block 42 and attached to the static weight 46. .
  • the end leading out of the duct 36 was fixed to the capstan winch 32.
  • static weight sets 46 were lifted approximately 15 feet off the floor. Pull speed was controlled by means of a flow valve 34 with pre-setable stops.
  • EXAMPLE #1 is a prelubricated duct produced by powder coating method where the powder coating was prepared in Example #1.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE A is a prelubricated duct produced by the coextrusion method where the inner coextruded layer is composed of HDPE plastic and polydimethylsiloxane.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE B is a prelubricated duct produced by the liquid spraying method where the lubricant is a polydimethylsiloxane polymer with an average kinematic viscosity of 350 cSt.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE C is a duct which is precharged with a water/glycol based lubricant.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE D is a duct which is precharged with a silicone modified aqueous lubricant.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE E is a s oothwall duct with no lubricant.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE F is a ribbed duct with no lubricant. The pull tensions and friction comparisons are tabulated as follows:
  • the effectiveness of the powder coating method for prelubrication of the duct is readily observed when comparing the pulling tensions generated with incoming loads of 175 pounds.
  • the powder coating technique lead to 20 percent or greater reductions in pull tensions compared to other prelubrication methods.
  • the foregoing may also be accomplished by employing the following liquid spraying techniques.
  • Low molecular weight polymers such as, but not limited to, polyolefin waxes can be mixed with lubricative material and these thermally melted to form a low viscosity liquid lubricative admixture.
  • the heating is generally carried out in a pressure vessel which contains both internal heating elements and mixing agitation. The agitation maintains uniform solution properties to the lubricative admixture.
  • a gear pump, or other suitable pump is used to both meter and pressurize the hot liquid admixture.
  • the liquid is pumped through heated fluid lines to an atomizing nozzle, which in the case of a duct, has been inserted through the back of a crosshead extrusion duct- forming die.
  • Both airless and air atomizing nozzles may be useful to atomize the liquid.
  • a series of spray nozzles could be used to deliver a liquid polymer spray to the exterior surface of the just-extruded duct in conjunction with the internal application, or for coating the outer surface of other items such as wire or cable. Cooling of the duct wall or item results in solidification of the coating film with subsequent bonding of the film to the duct wall.
  • liquid thermosetting resins formulated with cure systems, processing additives and a lubricative admixture are heated in a pressure vessel or pumped directly at ambient temperature through a fluid line to an atomizing nozzle.
  • the fluid lines must be insulated from the die temperatures to eliminate premature gelation.
  • the surface temperature of the duct or other item to be coated initiates or significantly accelerates the crosslinking reaction, thus forming an infusible film and bonding that film to the duct wall.
  • Techniques for coating other items, such as cable or wire may be standard techniques for such coating, involving solidification resulting from cooling or cross-linking.

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un conduit prélubrifié (24) ou à un objet prélubrifié destiné à être introduit ou à s'emboîter dans un conduit (24), que l'on obtient en conférant à un conduit (24) ou autre objet destiné à être introduit ou emboîté dans le conduit une surface recouverte d'une poudre à faible friction (22, 23). A cet effet, des mélanges combinés contenant des agents lubrifiants sont réduits en poudres par des techniques de broyage classiques et appliqués sous la forme d'une poudre sur la surface de l'objet à traiter pendant l'opération d'extrusion. En entrant en contact avec les surfaces chaudes de l'objet, la poudre formant un revêtement réagit et fusionne avec l'objet, ce qui produit un film lubrifiant uniforme et permanent (22, 23). Dans une variante, un revêtement liquide peut être appliqué sur la surface à recouvrir.
PCT/US1993/000402 1992-01-17 1993-01-15 Conduit prelubrifie WO1993014546A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82260792A 1992-01-17 1992-01-17
US07/822,607 1992-01-17

Publications (1)

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WO1993014546A1 true WO1993014546A1 (fr) 1993-07-22

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AU (1) AU3476693A (fr)
MX (1) MX9300242A (fr)
WO (1) WO1993014546A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996022873A1 (fr) * 1995-01-27 1996-08-01 Technology Licensing Company Revetement fluidise par fusion a chaud d'une garniture d'un conduit interne
FR2760814A1 (fr) * 1997-03-14 1998-09-18 Novotech Produit tubulaire allonge, notamment du type conduit d'installation
EP0969237A2 (fr) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-05 Egeplast Werner Strumann GmbH & Co. Tuyau en matière plastique
FR2795879A1 (fr) * 1999-06-29 2001-01-05 Usinage Tubes Pour Electr Conduit annele en matiere synthetique pre-lubrifie, et procede et installation pour sa realisation
EP1191654A1 (fr) * 2000-09-26 2002-03-27 Novoplastic Conduit d'installation d'un câble électrique, et procédé de contrôle de l'isolation électrique du câble installé
DE20201588U1 (de) * 2002-02-02 2003-03-13 Ccs Technology Inc Lichtwellenleiterkabel
EP1420199A1 (fr) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-19 Fränkische Rohrwerke Gebr. Kirchner GmbH + Co KG Tuyau composite
FR2857461A1 (fr) * 2003-07-08 2005-01-14 Acome Soc Coop Production Materiau a faible coefficient de frottement et produit tubulaire allonge le comprenant
EP1748241A1 (fr) * 2005-07-26 2007-01-31 Pipelife Nederland B.V. Produit tubulaire en PVC comprenant une couche réductrice de friction, et sa méthode de fabrication
EP2869418A3 (fr) * 2013-10-29 2015-12-09 REHAU AG + Co Utilisation d'un dispositif de tubes
CN107489827A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-19 芜湖凡达机械科技有限公司 一种具有线路保护功能的mpp阻燃管
WO2021207056A1 (fr) * 2020-04-06 2021-10-14 Dura-Line Corporation Matériaux à frottement ultra-faible pour lubrifier des surfaces, dispositifs comportant ceux-ci et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation de ces matériaux

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3063860A (en) * 1954-12-11 1962-11-13 Knapsack Ag Fluidized bed coating method and apparatus
US4685985A (en) * 1982-12-20 1987-08-11 Mannesmann Ag Method of enveloping metal hollows with polyethylene
US4892442A (en) * 1987-03-03 1990-01-09 Dura-Line Prelubricated innerduct

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3063860A (en) * 1954-12-11 1962-11-13 Knapsack Ag Fluidized bed coating method and apparatus
US4685985A (en) * 1982-12-20 1987-08-11 Mannesmann Ag Method of enveloping metal hollows with polyethylene
US4892442A (en) * 1987-03-03 1990-01-09 Dura-Line Prelubricated innerduct

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5814371A (en) * 1995-01-27 1998-09-29 Technology Licensing Company Hot melt fluidized cladding of innerduct liner with a liner of varying thickness
WO1996022873A1 (fr) * 1995-01-27 1996-08-01 Technology Licensing Company Revetement fluidise par fusion a chaud d'une garniture d'un conduit interne
ES2154612A1 (es) * 1997-03-14 2001-04-01 Novoplastic Sa Producto tubular alargado, especialmente de tipo conducto para instalacion
FR2760814A1 (fr) * 1997-03-14 1998-09-18 Novotech Produit tubulaire allonge, notamment du type conduit d'installation
WO1998042052A1 (fr) * 1997-03-14 1998-09-24 Novoplastic Produit tubulaire allonge, notamment du type conduit d'installation
GB2337367A (en) * 1997-03-14 1999-11-17 Novoplastic Sa Elongated tubular product,suac as in particular an installation conduit
AU741152B2 (en) * 1997-03-14 2001-11-22 Novoplastic Elongated tubular product, such as in particular an installation conduit
GB2337367B (en) * 1997-03-14 2001-04-25 Novoplastic Sa Elongated tubular product, especially of the installation duct type
EP0969237A2 (fr) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-05 Egeplast Werner Strumann GmbH & Co. Tuyau en matière plastique
EP0969237A3 (fr) * 1998-07-03 2000-03-01 Egeplast Werner Strumann GmbH & Co. Tuyau en matière plastique
FR2795879A1 (fr) * 1999-06-29 2001-01-05 Usinage Tubes Pour Electr Conduit annele en matiere synthetique pre-lubrifie, et procede et installation pour sa realisation
ES2186479A1 (es) * 1999-06-29 2003-05-01 Usinage Tubes Pour Electr Conducto corrugado de material sintetico prelubrificado, y procedimiento e instalacion para su realizacion.
EP1191654A1 (fr) * 2000-09-26 2002-03-27 Novoplastic Conduit d'installation d'un câble électrique, et procédé de contrôle de l'isolation électrique du câble installé
FR2814601A1 (fr) * 2000-09-26 2002-03-29 Novoplastic Sa Conduit d'installation d'un cable electrique, et procede de controle de l'isolation electrique du cable installe
DE20201588U1 (de) * 2002-02-02 2003-03-13 Ccs Technology Inc Lichtwellenleiterkabel
EP1420199A1 (fr) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-19 Fränkische Rohrwerke Gebr. Kirchner GmbH + Co KG Tuyau composite
FR2857461A1 (fr) * 2003-07-08 2005-01-14 Acome Soc Coop Production Materiau a faible coefficient de frottement et produit tubulaire allonge le comprenant
EP1748241A1 (fr) * 2005-07-26 2007-01-31 Pipelife Nederland B.V. Produit tubulaire en PVC comprenant une couche réductrice de friction, et sa méthode de fabrication
EP2869418A3 (fr) * 2013-10-29 2015-12-09 REHAU AG + Co Utilisation d'un dispositif de tubes
CN107489827A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-19 芜湖凡达机械科技有限公司 一种具有线路保护功能的mpp阻燃管
WO2021207056A1 (fr) * 2020-04-06 2021-10-14 Dura-Line Corporation Matériaux à frottement ultra-faible pour lubrifier des surfaces, dispositifs comportant ceux-ci et procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation de ces matériaux
US11702612B2 (en) 2020-04-06 2023-07-18 Dura-Line Llc Ultra-low friction materials for lubricating surfaces, devices therewith, and methods of manufacture and use thereof
US11753601B2 (en) 2020-04-06 2023-09-12 Dura-Line Llc Ultra-low friction materials for lubricating surfaces, devices therewith, and methods of manufacture and use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3476693A (en) 1993-08-03
MX9300242A (es) 1993-07-01

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