WO1993012403A1 - Sensor of the speed of rotation, in particular of toothed wheels - Google Patents

Sensor of the speed of rotation, in particular of toothed wheels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993012403A1
WO1993012403A1 PCT/EP1992/002796 EP9202796W WO9312403A1 WO 1993012403 A1 WO1993012403 A1 WO 1993012403A1 EP 9202796 W EP9202796 W EP 9202796W WO 9312403 A1 WO9312403 A1 WO 9312403A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
speed
component
hall element
hall
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1992/002796
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ludwig Freund
Joachim Mathes
Original Assignee
Swf Auto-Electric Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swf Auto-Electric Gmbh filed Critical Swf Auto-Electric Gmbh
Publication of WO1993012403A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993012403A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/147—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the movement of a third element, the position of Hall device and the source of magnetic field being fixed in respect to each other
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/488—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by variable reluctance detectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a speed sensor, in particular a gearwheel sensor, with a magnet and two Hall elements. can be moved past the speed sensor.
  • Such speed sensors are used wherever the speed or a rotational movement of a component is to be detected.
  • a preferred area of application is, for example, the automotive industry and in particular the automatic one
  • ABS Brake system
  • ASR automatic slip control
  • the known speed sensors emit an output signal when switched on, that is to say when current is supplied to them, which can be detected by the electronic control.
  • a gearwheel sensor it cannot be concluded from the presence of the output signal of this speed sensor whether a tooth or a tooth gap is assigned to the Hall IC.
  • Countable pulses only occur when the ferro-magnetic component is rotated and a complete signal period has arisen, i.e. a complete tooth and an entire tooth gap must have passed the Hall IC. So this sensor can only detect transitions.
  • the invention proposes that the speed sensor, in particular gear sensor according to the preamble of claim 1 corresponding to the characterizing Part of this claim is formed.
  • This speed sensor emits a defined switch-on signal when it is switched on and the gearwheel or similar component is stationary, i.e. there is in any case a defined switch-on state that can be appropriately detected and processed by the electronic control.
  • the pulses are counted in the same way as with the known speed sensor, i.e. For example, when a tooth reaches the Hall IC, a positive pulse is generated, while this pulse is absent when the tooth gap arrives at the Hall IC.
  • Another advantage of this speed sensor is that you can get by with a weaker magnet, which is correspondingly cheaper, which also allows the manufacturing costs of this speed sensor to be reduced.
  • the Hall element detects the height of the magnetic field in its area.
  • the basic field is the same for both Hall sensors.
  • the gearwheel or the like is closer to one Hall element than the other, the increase in the magnetic field is greater when the component is present on the Hall element near the component than on the component remote from the component.
  • a tooth follows a tooth gap, which brings about a further increase in the magnetic field. If the difference is now formed in a differential amplifier from the total amount of the magnetic field on the near-component and on the far-away Hall element, this results in a value different from zero. This enables an immediate conclusion to be drawn about the presence of a tooth or a tooth gap, because it is a defined signal which is also emitted when the gear is stationary.
  • both Hall elements are equally close to the tooth, and therefore the difference in the entire magnetic field at the differential amplifier gives the value zero there.
  • sensor 1 is assigned to a gearwheel 2 in the radial direction, ie it is aligned with a radius 3 of the gearwheel in the radial direction. According to the diagram, this refers to the magnet 4.
  • the tooth 5 is assigned the north pole of the magnet, for example, while the south pole points in the opposite direction.
  • a first Hall element 6 is located between the tooth 5 and the north pole of the magnet, while the magnet 4 is arranged between this first Hall element and a second Hall element 7.
  • this Hall IC 8 naturally also has conventional electronics, in particular a protective circuit. There is no difference to that the known speed sensors.
  • the second Hall element is farther away from the tooth 5 than the first Hall element 6. This means that the tooth 5 and also the gearwheel 2 itself cause a higher magnetic field on the first Hall element 6 than on second Hall element 2. If the signals from these two Hall elements are fed into a differential amplifier of a known type, this results in a non-zero value at the output of the differential amplifier, which leads to the unambiguous identification of the tooth and the tooth gap, ie, already after the definite signal is available for switching on, even if the gear is still stationary.
  • the front side of the first Hall element is assigned to the north pole and the rear side of the second Hall element is assigned to the south pole.
  • the second Hall element is attached to the first in a position turned through 180 °.

Abstract

In order to obtain with a sensor of the speed of rotation, in particular of toothed wheels, a defined signal which indicates without doubt as soon as the sensor is switched on whether the sensor is associated to a tooth or to a spacewidth, in the case of a sensor of the speed of rotation of a toothed wheel, both Hall elements (6, 7) are associated each to one of the two magnetic poles, i.e., the magnet is located between the first Hall element (6) and the second Hall element (7) in relation to the part or toothed wheel (2).

Description

Titel: Drehzahlsensor, insbesondere Zahnradsensor Title: Speed sensor, especially gear sensor
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Drehzahlsensor, insbesondere einen Zahnradsensor, mit einem Magneten und zwei Hall-Elementen, wobei ein einen unregelmäßigen Umfang aufweisendes oder mit Unstetigkeitsstellen am Umfang versehenes Bauteil aus ferromagnetischem Material, insbesondere ein Zahnrad, dessen Drehwinkel oder Drehzahl gemessen werden soll, am Drehzahlsensor vorbeibewegbar ist.The invention relates to a speed sensor, in particular a gearwheel sensor, with a magnet and two Hall elements. can be moved past the speed sensor.
Solche Drehzahlsensoren verwendet man überall dort, wo die Drehzahl oder auch eine Drehbewegung eines Bauteils erfaßt werden soll. Ein bevorzugtes Anwendungsgebiet ist bspw. die Automobilindustrie und dort im Besonderen das automatischeSuch speed sensors are used wherever the speed or a rotational movement of a component is to be detected. A preferred area of application is, for example, the automotive industry and in particular the automatic one
Bremssystem (ABS) oder die automatische Schlupfregelung (ASR). Das von diesem Drehzahlsensor abgegebene Signal wird an die Elektronik weitergeleitet und dort ausgewertet. Dies führt dann zu einer ganz konkreten Steuerung der jeweiligen Komponenten.Brake system (ABS) or automatic slip control (ASR). The signal emitted by this speed sensor is passed on to the electronics and evaluated there. This then leads to a very specific control of the respective components.
Die bekannten Drehzahlsensoren geben beim Einschalten, also wenn ihnen Strom zugeführt wird, ein Ausgangssignal ab, welches von der elektronischen Steuerung erfaßt werden kann. Im Falle eines Zahnradsensors kann man aber aus dem Vorhandensein des AusgangsSignals dieses Drehzahlsensors nicht schließen, ob dem Hall-IC ein Zahn oder eine Zahnlücke zugeordnet ist. Zählbare Impulse entstehen nur, wenn das ferro agnetische Bauteil gedreht wird und eine komplette Signalperiode entstanden ist, d.h. am Hall-IC muß jeweils ein kompletter Zahn und eine ganze Zahnlücke vorbeigelaufen sein. Dieser Sensor kann also nur Übergänge erfassen.The known speed sensors emit an output signal when switched on, that is to say when current is supplied to them, which can be detected by the electronic control. In the case of a gearwheel sensor, however, it cannot be concluded from the presence of the output signal of this speed sensor whether a tooth or a tooth gap is assigned to the Hall IC. Countable pulses only occur when the ferro-magnetic component is rotated and a complete signal period has arisen, i.e. a complete tooth and an entire tooth gap must have passed the Hall IC. So this sensor can only detect transitions.
Es liegt nun die Aufgabe vor, einen Drehzahlsensor der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzubilden, daß er bereits beim Einschalten, also ohne daß sich das ferromagnetische Bauteil, welches ihm zugeordnet ist, dreht, ein definiertes Signal abgibt, aus welchem man die exakte Lage des Zahnrads gegenüber dem Hall-IC zweifelsfrei erkennen kann.It is now the task of developing a speed sensor of the type mentioned in such a way that it delivers a defined signal as soon as it is switched on, that is to say without the ferromagnetic component which is assigned to it, from which the exact position of the gearwheel is output compared to the Hall IC.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, daß der Drehzahlsensor, insbesondere Zahnradsensor gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 entsprechend dem kennzeichnenden Teil dieses Anspruchs ausgebildet ist.To solve this problem, the invention proposes that the speed sensor, in particular gear sensor according to the preamble of claim 1 corresponding to the characterizing Part of this claim is formed.
Dieser Drehzahlsensor gibt beim Einschalten und stillstehendem Zahnrad oder dgl. Bauteil ein definiertes Einschaltsignal ab, d.h., es liegt in jedem Falle ein definierter Einschaltzustand vor, der von der elektronischen Steuerung entsprechend erfaßt und verarbeitet werden kann. Bei drehendem Bauteil werden die Impulse in gleicher Weise gezählt wie beim vorbekannten Drehzahlsensor, d.h. bspw. wenn ein Zahn den Hall-IC erreicht, wird ein positiver Impuls erzeugt, während dieser Impuls beim Ankommen der Zahnlücke am Hall-IC entfällt.This speed sensor emits a defined switch-on signal when it is switched on and the gearwheel or similar component is stationary, i.e. there is in any case a defined switch-on state that can be appropriately detected and processed by the electronic control. With a rotating component, the pulses are counted in the same way as with the known speed sensor, i.e. For example, when a tooth reaches the Hall IC, a positive pulse is generated, while this pulse is absent when the tooth gap arrives at the Hall IC.
Ein weiterer Vorteil dieses Drehzahlsensors liegt darin, daß man mit einem schwächeren Magneten auskommt, der entsprechend preiswerter ist, wodurch sich auch die Herstellungskosten dieses Drehzahlsensors senken lassen.Another advantage of this speed sensor is that you can get by with a weaker magnet, which is correspondingly cheaper, which also allows the manufacturing costs of this speed sensor to be reduced.
Das Hall-Element erkennt die Höhe des Magnetfelds in seinem Bereich. Das Grundfeld ist für beide Hall-Sensoren gleich groß. Weil aber das Zahnrad oder dgl. dem einen Hall-Element näher ist als dem anderen, fällt die Erhöhung des Magnetfelds bei der Anwesenheit des Bauteils am bauteilnahen Hall-Element größer aus als am bauteilfernen. Dasselbe gilt auch, wenn auf eine Zahnlücke ein Zahn folgt, welcher eine weitere Erhöhung des Magnetfelds mit sich bringt. Bildet man nun in einem Differenzverstärker die Differenz aus dem Gesamtbetrag des Magnetfelds am bauteilnahen und am bauteilfernen Hall-Element, so ergibt sich ein von Null unterschiedlicher Wert. Dies ermöglicht den sofortigen Rückschluß auf das Vorhandensein eines Zahns oder einer Zahnlücke,weil es sich dabei um ein definiertes Signal handelt, welches auch bei stehendem Zahnrad abgegeben wird.The Hall element detects the height of the magnetic field in its area. The basic field is the same for both Hall sensors. However, because the gearwheel or the like is closer to one Hall element than the other, the increase in the magnetic field is greater when the component is present on the Hall element near the component than on the component remote from the component. The same also applies if a tooth follows a tooth gap, which brings about a further increase in the magnetic field. If the difference is now formed in a differential amplifier from the total amount of the magnetic field on the near-component and on the far-away Hall element, this results in a value different from zero. This enables an immediate conclusion to be drawn about the presence of a tooth or a tooth gap, because it is a defined signal which is also emitted when the gear is stationary.
Im Gegensatz dazu sind bei dem bekannten Drehzahlsensor beide Hall-Elemente dem Zahn gleich nahe, und deswegen ergibt die Differenz des gesamten Magnetfelds am Differenzverstärker dort den Wert Null.In contrast, in the known speed sensor, both Hall elements are equally close to the tooth, and therefore the difference in the entire magnetic field at the differential amplifier gives the value zero there.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Schemas näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of a diagram.
Im Falle eines Drehzahlsensors ist der Sensor 1 einem Zahnrad 2 in radialer Richtung zugeordnet, d.h. er ist gegenüber einem Radius 3 des Zahnrads in-radialer Richtung ausgerichtet. Dies bezieht sich gemäß der SchemaZeichnung auf den Magneten 4. In der gezeichneten Stellung des Zahnrads 2 ist bspw. dem Zahn 5 der Nordpol des Magneten zugeordnet, während der Südpol in die entgegengesetzte Richtung weist. Zwischen dem Zahn 5 und dem Nordpol des Magneten befindet sich ein erstes Hall-Element 6, während der Magnet 4 zwischen diesem ersten Hall-Element und einem zweiten Hall-Element 7 angeordnet ist. Dieser Hall-IC 8 besitzt selbstverständlich außer dem Magneten und den beiden Hall-Elementen auch noch eine übliche Elektronik, insbesondere eine Schutzbeschaltung. Insoweit besteht kein Unterschied zu den bekannten Drehzahlsensoren. Wesentlich ist aber, daß das zweite Hall-Element vom Zahn 5 weiter weg ist als das erste Hall-Element 6. Dies führt dazu, daß der Zahn 5 und auch das Zahnrad 2 selbst am ersten Hall-Element 6 ein höheres Magnetfeld bewirken als am zweiten Hall-Element 2. Wenn man die Signale dieser beiden Hall-Elemente in einen Differenzverstärker bekannter Bauart gibt, so bewirkt dies am Ausgang des Differenzverstärkers einen von Null verschiedenen Wert, der zur eindeutigen Identifikation des Zahns und der Zahnlücke führt, d.h., bereits nach dem Einschalten steht im definitives Signal zur Verfügung, auch wenn das Zahnrad dabei noch stillsteht.In the case of a speed sensor, sensor 1 is assigned to a gearwheel 2 in the radial direction, ie it is aligned with a radius 3 of the gearwheel in the radial direction. According to the diagram, this refers to the magnet 4. In the drawn position of the gear wheel 2, the tooth 5 is assigned the north pole of the magnet, for example, while the south pole points in the opposite direction. A first Hall element 6 is located between the tooth 5 and the north pole of the magnet, while the magnet 4 is arranged between this first Hall element and a second Hall element 7. In addition to the magnet and the two Hall elements, this Hall IC 8 naturally also has conventional electronics, in particular a protective circuit. There is no difference to that the known speed sensors. It is essential, however, that the second Hall element is farther away from the tooth 5 than the first Hall element 6. This means that the tooth 5 and also the gearwheel 2 itself cause a higher magnetic field on the first Hall element 6 than on second Hall element 2. If the signals from these two Hall elements are fed into a differential amplifier of a known type, this results in a non-zero value at the output of the differential amplifier, which leads to the unambiguous identification of the tooth and the tooth gap, ie, already after the definite signal is available for switching on, even if the gear is still stationary.
Um aber beim Einschalten von beiden Hall-Elementen z.B. ein positives Signal zu erhalten, ist es wichtig, daß bspw. dem Nordpol die Vorderseite des ersten Hall-Elements und dem Südpol die Rückseite des zweiten Hall-Elements zugeordnet sind, d.h. das zweite Hall-Element ist gegenüber dem ersten in einer um 180° gewendeten Stellung angebracht. But in order to switch on both Hall elements e.g. In order to obtain a positive signal, it is important that, for example, the front side of the first Hall element is assigned to the north pole and the rear side of the second Hall element is assigned to the south pole. the second Hall element is attached to the first in a position turned through 180 °.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Drehzahlsensor, insbesondere Zahnradsensor, mit einem Magneten und zwei Hall-Elementen, wobei ein einen unregelmäßigen Umfang aufweisendes oder mit Unstetigkeitsstellen am Umfang versehenes Bauteil aus ferromagnetischem Material, insbesondere ein Zahnrad, dessen Drehwinkel oder Drehzahl gemessen werden soll, am Drehzahlsensor vorbeibewegbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Hall-Elemente (6,7) etwa in radialer Richtung des Bauteils bzw. Zahnrads (2) gegeneinander versetzt sind und sich zwischen ihnen der Magnet (4) befindet.1.speed sensor, in particular gearwheel sensor, with a magnet and two Hall elements, a component made of ferromagnetic material having an irregular circumference or having discontinuities on the circumference, in particular a gearwheel whose angle of rotation or speed is to be measured, can be moved past the speed sensor, characterized in that the two Hall elements (6, 7) are offset from one another approximately in the radial direction of the component or gear (2) and the magnet (4) is located between them.
2. Drehzahlsensor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorderseite des bauteilnahen Hall-Elements (6) und die Rückseite des. bauteilfernen Hall-Elements (7) gegen ihren zugeordneten Magnetpol weisen. 2. Speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the front of the component-near Hall element (6) and the back of the component-remote Hall element (7) point against their associated magnetic pole.
PCT/EP1992/002796 1991-12-19 1992-12-03 Sensor of the speed of rotation, in particular of toothed wheels WO1993012403A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4141959.6 1991-12-19
DE19914141959 DE4141959A1 (en) 1991-12-19 1991-12-19 SPEED SENSOR, IN PARTICULAR GEAR SENSOR

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