WO1993011925A1 - Scraping plunger - Google Patents

Scraping plunger Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1993011925A1
WO1993011925A1 PCT/EP1992/002991 EP9202991W WO9311925A1 WO 1993011925 A1 WO1993011925 A1 WO 1993011925A1 EP 9202991 W EP9202991 W EP 9202991W WO 9311925 A1 WO9311925 A1 WO 9311925A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plunger
moulding material
wall
cylinder
mould
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1992/002991
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hendrikus Johannes Maria Schaars
Original Assignee
Asm-Fico Tooling B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asm-Fico Tooling B.V. filed Critical Asm-Fico Tooling B.V.
Priority to JP51064393A priority Critical patent/JP3228932B2/en
Priority to KR1019940702056A priority patent/KR0170790B1/en
Priority to DE69212163T priority patent/DE69212163T2/en
Priority to EP93901755A priority patent/EP0618858B1/en
Priority to US08/244,740 priority patent/US5451154A/en
Publication of WO1993011925A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993011925A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/58—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/58—Details
    • B29C45/586—Injection or transfer plungers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/02—Transfer moulding, i.e. transferring the required volume of moulding material by a plunger from a "shot" cavity into a mould cavity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2017/00—Carriers for sound or information
    • B29L2017/006—Memory cards, chip cards
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/228—Injection plunger or ram: transfer molding type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for encapsulating with plastic lead frames having chips arranged thereon, comprising mutually movable mould halves which bound a mould cavity in the closed position, a runner connecting onto the mould cavity for feeding moulding material and a plunger-cylinder connecting onto the runner for carrying up the moulding material under pressure,
  • the outer wall of the plunger is preferably provided with helical grooves.
  • the depth of the grooves increases as seen in the direction from the drive side of the plunger.
  • the plunger is preferably driven by a drive rod which is pivotally coupled to the plunger.
  • the pivot point between the plunger and the drive rod is preferably formed by a ball jointo 5
  • Fig. 1 shows a cut away view of the apparatus according to the invention
  • fig. 2 shows on a larger scale a detail of the lower- 10 most part of the moulding apparatus according to fig. l
  • fig. 3a and 3b show sectional views of the plunger and plunger bar according to the invention
  • fig, 4 shows a view of the plunger according to the invention
  • 15 fig. 5 shows respectively a view along the line A-A and B-B in fig. 4
  • fig. 6 shows a sectional view.
  • a description of the moulding apparatus according to the invention will be given with reference to fig. l and 2.
  • 20 Mounted on the frame 100 of the machine is a fixedly positioned table 101.
  • the table 101 bears a fixed lower mould half 102.
  • the upper mould half 103 is movable relative to the lower half 102 using pull rods 104, 105 which are connected to the upper half 103 by the respective nut 25 connections, 106, 107.
  • the pull rods 104, 105 are movable relative to the fixed table 101 via bearings, for example 108.
  • the driving of the upper half of the mould 103 takes place from an electromotor 109.
  • the angle lever systems 111, 30 112 are driven by means of the worm box 110.
  • the angle lever systems are coupled on the one side to a movable underplate 113 and on the other side to a plate 116 fixedly connected to the table 101 by means of columns 114, 115.
  • the electromotor rotates the underplate 113 is moved vertically, 35 for example in the direction of the arrow Pi, which movement is transmitted via the pull rods 104, 105 onto the upper mould half 103.
  • the arms of the angle lever system 111, 112 lie practically in one line so that a very great closing force is achieved r
  • the input carriage 117 is movable over the guide rails 118, 119.
  • the driving of the input carriage 117 takes place from the electromotor 120.
  • Lead frames are supplied from a supply cassette and are carried up over belts 122, 123 as far as a stop 124.
  • the input carriage is filled from a so-called pellet-filling carriage 125 with pellet-shaped moulding material which is taken from a supply reservoir 126.
  • pellet-filling carriage 125 With pellet-shaped moulding material which is taken from a supply reservoir 126.
  • the mutual movements are controlled using a sensor 128.
  • the cleaning-discharge unit 129 is likewise movable over the rails 118, 119 between the position outside the mould die and the position inside the mould die.
  • the unit 129 consists of a cleaning-brushing device 130 and a discharge member 131.
  • the cleaning device 130 brushes both mould halves after use and simultaneously sucks up brushed- off remnants.
  • Co-acting with the unit is a break-off plate 132 which subjects the finished product to an after- processing.
  • the cavities 133 in the lower half 102 of the mould are each provided with a plunger 134 which is biased by a spring washer 135 such that the position of the plunger is adapted to the quantity of moulding material in the relevant cavities 133.
  • the plungers are driven from an electromotor which drives a screwed rod 137 via the speed control 136.
  • a nut 138 is placed on the screwed rod so that the rotating movement is converted into a vertically directed movement of the frame 139.
  • Fixedly coupled to the frame are the drive rods 140, 141 for the plunger bracket 142 which in turn drives the plungers.
  • Pellet-shaped moulding material is compressed during the ascending movement of the plunger and transported via a runner to the cavity 145 in the lower half of the mould where the chip is.arranged.
  • the plunger 134 has a helical form (see fig. 4) which functions as scraping edge, with the understanding that at the top a disc-like portion is present in which is arranged a piston ring 161 of plastic.
  • the grooves (see fig. 5) become broader towards the drive side (in the drawing at the bottom) .
  • the coupling to the drive shaft 160 is respectively a rigid coupling and a flexible coupling.
  • fig. 6 is a cross- sectional view of the plunger-cylinder according to the invention with outer wall provided with helical grooves.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for encapsulating with plastic lead frames having chips arranged thereon comprises mutually movable mould halves (102, 103). In the closed position a mould cavity is bounded, in which moulding material is arranged under pressure via a runner. The pressure is provided by a plunger-cylinder (134-133) which carries up the moulding material. Leaking moulding material can result in adhering of the plunger to the cylinder wall, which is prevented according to the invention in that the outer wall of the plunger (134) is provided with scraping edges which scrape clean the inner wall of the cylinder (133) during operation.

Description

SCRAPING PLUNGER
The invention relates to an apparatus for encapsulating with plastic lead frames having chips arranged thereon, comprising mutually movable mould halves which bound a mould cavity in the closed position, a runner connecting onto the mould cavity for feeding moulding material and a plunger-cylinder connecting onto the runner for carrying up the moulding material under pressure,,
Such an apparatus is known from, among others, the European patent application no. 89.203003-2. The problem with this known apparatus is that material can leak along the plunger which carries up the moulding material, which can result in adhering of the plunger to the cylinder wall. This has the consequence of considerable wear and operational disturbances. The invention has for its object to find a solution herefor.
This is achieved according to the invention in that the outer wall of the plunger is provided with scraping edges. As a result of the steps according to the invention the inner wall of the cylinder is scraped clean during operation such that adhering no longer occurs.
The outer wall of the plunger is preferably provided with helical grooves. The depth of the grooves increases as seen in the direction from the drive side of the plunger.
With the plunger according to the invention a comparatively large guide surface is obtained between plunger and inner wall cylinder, while due to the helically running grooves a sharp scraping edge is still achieved for scraping away the plastic material that can result in adhering. The plunger is preferably driven by a drive rod which is pivotally coupled to the plunger. The pivot point between the plunger and the drive rod is preferably formed by a ball jointo 5 The invention will be elucidated with reference to the drawings_
Fig. 1 shows a cut away view of the apparatus according to the invention, fig. 2 shows on a larger scale a detail of the lower- 10 most part of the moulding apparatus according to fig. l; fig. 3a and 3b show sectional views of the plunger and plunger bar according to the invention, fig, 4 shows a view of the plunger according to the invention, 15 fig. 5 shows respectively a view along the line A-A and B-B in fig. 4, and fig. 6 shows a sectional view.
A description of the moulding apparatus according to the invention will be given with reference to fig. l and 2. 20 Mounted on the frame 100 of the machine is a fixedly positioned table 101. The table 101 bears a fixed lower mould half 102. The upper mould half 103 is movable relative to the lower half 102 using pull rods 104, 105 which are connected to the upper half 103 by the respective nut 25 connections, 106, 107. The pull rods 104, 105 are movable relative to the fixed table 101 via bearings, for example 108.
The driving of the upper half of the mould 103 takes place from an electromotor 109. The angle lever systems 111, 30 112 are driven by means of the worm box 110. The angle lever systems are coupled on the one side to a movable underplate 113 and on the other side to a plate 116 fixedly connected to the table 101 by means of columns 114, 115. When the electromotor rotates the underplate 113 is moved vertically, 35 for example in the direction of the arrow Pi, which movement is transmitted via the pull rods 104, 105 onto the upper mould half 103. At the end of the stroke the arms of the angle lever system 111, 112 lie practically in one line so that a very great closing force is achievedr
The input carriage 117 is movable over the guide rails 118, 119. The driving of the input carriage 117 takes place from the electromotor 120.
Lead frames are supplied from a supply cassette and are carried up over belts 122, 123 as far as a stop 124. During the position of the input carriage outside the mould the input carriage is filled from a so-called pellet-filling carriage 125 with pellet-shaped moulding material which is taken from a supply reservoir 126. For a reliable take-over of pellet-shaped moulding material by the input carriage 117 from the pellet transporting carriage 125 use is made in both carriages of pin-shaped guiding means 127=. The mutual movements are controlled using a sensor 128.
The cleaning-discharge unit 129 is likewise movable over the rails 118, 119 between the position outside the mould die and the position inside the mould die. The unit 129 consists of a cleaning-brushing device 130 and a discharge member 131. The cleaning device 130 brushes both mould halves after use and simultaneously sucks up brushed- off remnants. Co-acting with the unit is a break-off plate 132 which subjects the finished product to an after- processing. As can be seen in fig. 2, the cavities 133 in the lower half 102 of the mould are each provided with a plunger 134 which is biased by a spring washer 135 such that the position of the plunger is adapted to the quantity of moulding material in the relevant cavities 133. The plungers are driven from an electromotor which drives a screwed rod 137 via the speed control 136. A nut 138 is placed on the screwed rod so that the rotating movement is converted into a vertically directed movement of the frame 139. Fixedly coupled to the frame are the drive rods 140, 141 for the plunger bracket 142 which in turn drives the plungers.
Pellet-shaped moulding material is compressed during the ascending movement of the plunger and transported via a runner to the cavity 145 in the lower half of the mould where the chip is.arranged.
The plunger 134 according to the invention has a helical form (see fig. 4) which functions as scraping edge, with the understanding that at the top a disc-like portion is present in which is arranged a piston ring 161 of plastic. The grooves (see fig. 5) become broader towards the drive side (in the drawing at the bottom) . As can be seen in fig. 3a and 3bf the coupling to the drive shaft 160 is respectively a rigid coupling and a flexible coupling.
Reference is finally made to fig. 6 which is a cross- sectional view of the plunger-cylinder according to the invention with outer wall provided with helical grooves.
****«

Claims

1. Apparatus for encapsulating with plastic lead frames having chips arranged thereon, comprising mutually movable mould halves which bound a mould cavity in the closed position, a runner connecting onto the mould cavity for feeding moulding material and a plunger-cylinder connecting onto the runner for carrying up the moulding material under pressure, characterized in that the outer wall of the plunger is provided with scraping edges.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall of the plunger has helically running grooves.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claims 1-2, characterized in that the depth of the grooves increases as seen from the drive side of the plunger.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claims 1-3, characterized in that the plunger is driven by a drive rod which is pivotally coupled to the plunger.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the pivot point between the plunger and the drive rod is formed by a ball joint.
*****
PCT/EP1992/002991 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 Scraping plunger WO1993011925A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP51064393A JP3228932B2 (en) 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 Plunger with scraping function
KR1019940702056A KR0170790B1 (en) 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 Scraping plunger
DE69212163T DE69212163T2 (en) 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 WIPER PISTON
EP93901755A EP0618858B1 (en) 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 Scraping plunger
US08/244,740 US5451154A (en) 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 Scraping plunger

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9102108A NL9102108A (en) 1991-12-17 1991-12-17 SCRAP PLUNDER.
NL9102108 1991-12-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993011925A1 true WO1993011925A1 (en) 1993-06-24

Family

ID=19860045

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1992/002991 WO1993011925A1 (en) 1991-12-17 1992-12-16 Scraping plunger

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5451154A (en)
EP (1) EP0618858B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3228932B2 (en)
KR (1) KR0170790B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69212163T2 (en)
HK (1) HK212596A (en)
MY (1) MY117836A (en)
NL (1) NL9102108A (en)
SG (1) SG43909A1 (en)
TW (1) TW210986B (en)
WO (1) WO1993011925A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995031004A1 (en) * 1994-05-09 1995-11-16 Fico B.V. Apparatus for encapsulating with plastic a lead frame with chips
WO1996012603A1 (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-05-02 Fico B.V. Module for encapsulating electronic components and coupling in a plunger rod
US6200504B1 (en) 1994-05-09 2001-03-13 Fico B.V. Method for encapsulating with plastic a lead frame with chips

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW437568U (en) * 1998-12-31 2001-05-28 Ind Tech Res Inst Plastic pumping mechanism
US20080057528A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-03-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Detection of hydrogen peroxide released by enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of an analyte
NL2018533B1 (en) * 2017-03-16 2018-09-24 Besi Netherlands Bv Plunger for feeding encapsulating material to a mould cavity
KR102545290B1 (en) 2018-08-29 2023-06-16 삼성전자주식회사 Semiconductor package molding device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2783499A (en) * 1953-03-05 1957-03-05 Schloemann Ag Semicontinuously operating electrode presses
DE1103011B (en) * 1955-11-23 1961-03-23 Raymond Mille Injection molding machine for processing thermoplastics or elastomers
FR2242223A1 (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-03-28 Sacomat Piston for injection moulding machines - with hollow body having central material transfer channel and peripheral annular lip
FR2318025A1 (en) * 1975-07-17 1977-02-11 Erlhoff Herbert Grooved ram for injection moulding preplasticised melts - which scours the chamber walls to inhibit hang up and degradation
EP0428792A2 (en) 1989-11-24 1991-05-29 Fico B.V. Single strip molding apparatus

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2873499A (en) * 1955-04-19 1959-02-17 Harvey L Bartholomew Cleat
US3800385A (en) * 1972-03-20 1974-04-02 Dresser Ind Thermoplastic pump plunger having spiral threads and method of making same
JPS5898232A (en) * 1981-12-08 1983-06-11 Toshiba Corp Metal mold for sealing resin
JPS59179328A (en) * 1983-03-31 1984-10-11 Fujitsu Ltd Molding method
JPS6129133A (en) * 1984-07-20 1986-02-10 Hitachi Ltd Resin molding machine
JPS61167516A (en) * 1985-01-21 1986-07-29 Hitachi Ltd Mold assembly
US4708613A (en) * 1985-03-27 1987-11-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Plunger for a multi-plunger type resin mold device
DE3612644A1 (en) * 1985-04-16 1986-10-16 Ube Industries, Ltd., Ube, Yamaguchi INJECTOR

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2783499A (en) * 1953-03-05 1957-03-05 Schloemann Ag Semicontinuously operating electrode presses
DE1103011B (en) * 1955-11-23 1961-03-23 Raymond Mille Injection molding machine for processing thermoplastics or elastomers
FR2242223A1 (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-03-28 Sacomat Piston for injection moulding machines - with hollow body having central material transfer channel and peripheral annular lip
FR2318025A1 (en) * 1975-07-17 1977-02-11 Erlhoff Herbert Grooved ram for injection moulding preplasticised melts - which scours the chamber walls to inhibit hang up and degradation
EP0428792A2 (en) 1989-11-24 1991-05-29 Fico B.V. Single strip molding apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 10, no. 179 (E-414)(2235) 24 June 1986 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 10, no. 375 (M-545)(2432) 13 December 1986 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 199 (M-240)(1344) 3 September 1983 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995031004A1 (en) * 1994-05-09 1995-11-16 Fico B.V. Apparatus for encapsulating with plastic a lead frame with chips
NL9400768A (en) * 1994-05-09 1995-12-01 Fico Bv Device for enclosing a lead frame with chips in plastic.
US6200504B1 (en) 1994-05-09 2001-03-13 Fico B.V. Method for encapsulating with plastic a lead frame with chips
KR100426198B1 (en) * 1994-05-09 2004-06-11 피코 비.브이. Chip covering lead frame with plastic
WO1996012603A1 (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-05-02 Fico B.V. Module for encapsulating electronic components and coupling in a plunger rod
NL9401738A (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-06-03 Fico Bv Module for encapsulating electronic components and coupling in a plunger rod.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SG43909A1 (en) 1997-11-14
DE69212163T2 (en) 1996-11-28
TW210986B (en) 1993-08-11
JPH07502699A (en) 1995-03-23
KR0170790B1 (en) 1999-03-30
NL9102108A (en) 1993-07-16
EP0618858B1 (en) 1996-07-10
MY117836A (en) 2004-08-30
HK212596A (en) 1996-12-06
US5451154A (en) 1995-09-19
DE69212163D1 (en) 1996-08-14
JP3228932B2 (en) 2001-11-12
EP0618858A1 (en) 1994-10-12
KR940703739A (en) 1994-12-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5297897A (en) Single-strip molding apparatus
EP0655323B1 (en) Single strip moulding apparatus with means for exerting pressure
US5451154A (en) Scraping plunger
CN111590811A (en) Continuous production equipment and production method for plastic garbage can
KR100426198B1 (en) Chip covering lead frame with plastic
US6200504B1 (en) Method for encapsulating with plastic a lead frame with chips
KR910009778B1 (en) Mold assembly
CN114290600A (en) Injection molding rapid forming system
CN110269802B (en) Capsule production line
CN219076343U (en) Cleaning device capable of rapidly cleaning waste materials of plastic injection molding machine
CN111730027A (en) New energy automobile power assembly flow direction of packaging line based on thing networking
CN105904656B (en) Plastic package die automatic cleaning dust exhaust apparatus
JPH04259689A (en) Linear pump
CN219880308U (en) Plastic form oiling equipment
CN108582651B (en) High-speed optical lens injection molding machine
CN209999590U (en) Material guide device of injection molding machines
JPH0326158Y2 (en)
CN219276759U (en) Automatic brown sugar briquetting machine
CN216941576U (en) Multifunctional single-color injection molding machine
CN214395153U (en) Cleaning device for injection molding machine
CN213890488U (en) Oil brushing machine head of automatic oil brushing system of mold frame
CN207240757U (en) A kind of molding machine suitable for the processing of baroque plastic products
KR920703293A (en) Single strip casting device
CN117416706A (en) Hydraulic slag removing machine with linkage slag removing function
CN116604779A (en) Semi-automatic plastic packaging machine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): JP KR US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1993901755

Country of ref document: EP

Ref document number: 08244740

Country of ref document: US

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1019940702056

Country of ref document: KR

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1993901755

Country of ref document: EP

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1993901755

Country of ref document: EP