WO1993010338A1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993010338A1 WO1993010338A1 PCT/GB1992/002017 GB9202017W WO9310338A1 WO 1993010338 A1 WO1993010338 A1 WO 1993010338A1 GB 9202017 W GB9202017 W GB 9202017W WO 9310338 A1 WO9310338 A1 WO 9310338A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- internal combustion
- engine
- combustion engine
- air
- exhaust
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
- F01N3/34—Arrangements for supply of additional air using air conduits or jet air pumps, e.g. near the engine exhaust port
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine in which liquid fuel is introduced prior to the charge entering the combustion chambers.
- the duration of the excursion is relatively short as the quantity of the stored fuel is finite and once used up there is no more fuel but nevertheless unburnt hydrocarbons are released to atmosphere during these periods as there is not sufficient oxygen in the exhaust system to allow them to be oxidised, even in a catalytic converter.
- the present invention seeks to cut down on this source of air pollution by reducing the unburnt hydrocarbon content of the exhaust gases during deceleration modes.
- an internal combustion engine in which liquid fuel is introduced prior to the charge entering the combustion chambers and mounted in a vehicle having an air scoop acting as a source of ram air pressurised by the movement of the vehicle, wherein the ram air is fed into the exhaust system by way of an isolation valve which is opened only during engine deceleration modes .
- a source of additional oxygen is required. Hitherto, various proposals have been made to add air into the exhaust system under different operating conditions.
- pulse air system have been put forward which rely on the pulsation of the gases in the exhaust manifold to draw in air during negative pressure parts of the cycles but such system do not draw in air during deceleration mode as the pressure pulse amplitude is severely attenuated at such times.
- Electrically driven air pumps have also been proposed but these have a slow response time and cannot be brought into operation sufficiently rapidly to respond to the engine entering a deceleration mode.
- a continuously driven air compressor is available in the vehicle for some other reason, for example to assist fuel atomisation in a fuel injection system, its air may be diverted for this purpose but it is not an effective solution to provide a compressor exclusively for this purpose as the cost and energy consumption would be prohibitive.
- the present invention provides a convenient, reliable and inexpensive air supply for counteracting hydrocarbon emissions during deceleration modes only having as a moving part a valve to admit air into the exhaust system when deceleration has been detected.
- the valve may be operated electrically or by intake manifold vacuum, the latter being particularly high when the engine is overrunning.
- the invention takes advantage of the fact that during deceleration modes, the exhaust back pressure is minimal and only a small positive pressure is needed to ram air into the exhaust system. Furthermore, deceleration modes responsible for atmospheric pollution occur mostly when the vehicle is in motion, at which times the ram air pressure is always present.
- the ram air pressure will be present whenever the vehicle is in motion and it is possible not to activate the isolation valve when the vehicle is travelling below a preset speed to avoid exhaust gases being expelled without passing through the exhaust system.
- the valve may be connected in series with a weak non-return valve which only allows air to flow towards the exhaust system. In the latter case, it is important to ensure that there should not be too great a pressure drop across the non- return valve when the main valve is open as this would detract from the ram air effect.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram of an engine of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of the engine in Figure 1
- Figure 3 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 showing an engine having an alternative configuration of the exhaust system.
- an engine 12 has an exhaust manifold which leads to a downpipe 14 incorporating a catalytic converter 40.
- An air scoop 34 is mounted in a position on the vehicle at which a positive aerodynamic pressure is developed as a result of vehicle movement, for example in a forward facing position at the front of the vehicle.
- the air scoop 34 is connected by way of an optional non-return valve 38 and an isolation valve 36 to a distribution rail 42 having individual branch pipes 44 which pass through the branches of the exhaust manifold and terminate adjacent the engine exhaust valves.
- the branch pipes 44 are omitted and instead the rail is connected upstream of the catalytic converter 40 to a point common to the exhaust gases of all the engine cylinders.
- the engine On the intake side, the engine has an intake manifold 20 having a throttle 24 to control engine load and fuel injectors 22 arranged adjacent the individual intake ports.
- the isolation valve 36 is open only during deceleration modes, i.e. when the engine throttle valve 24 is closed and the engine is overrunning. During such operation, the manifold vacuum is high for the particular engine speed. This condition may be detected by means of an electronic control unit (not shown) connected to a speed sensor and a manifold pressure sensor and arranged to send a signal to open the isolation valve 36 when the manifold vacuum exceeds a given speed related threshold. Alternatively, the valve 36 may be directly controlled by a vacuum actuator avoiding the need for electronic control.
- the present invention therefore is based on counteracting this surge in emissions, by introducing ram air into the exhaust system to complete the combustion of these emissions before they are discharged to atmosphere.
- the completing of the oxidation can either take place in the catalytic converter 40, if one is present or by thermal oxidation which makes use of the heat already present in the exhaust gases immediately on leaving the combustion chambers.
- the point of air injection is not critical so long as it is upstream of the converter 40.
- thermal oxidation it is important to inject the air as near as possible to the exhaust valves before the gases have even had a chance to be cooled by the walls of the exhaust port and exhaust system.
- the ram air is available when the vehicle is in motion and does not require any expenditure on a compressor. Furthermore, the ram air pressure is permanently available whereas a compressor needs some time to build up to its full capacity when it is first switched on. Because a fast response is needed, a compressor would need to be left running continuously and the energy consumption of the compressor would not be justified. The exhaust back pressure during deceleration modes is minimal and there is no serious resistance to injection of air at such times. The ram air pressure is therefore more than sufficient for the purpose.
- isolation valve 36 it is possible to guarantee that the ram air pressure is greater than the exhaust back pressure when the isolation valve 36 is open, thereby eliminating any possibility of reverse flow of exhaust gases through the air scoop 34. Should a vacuum operated isolation valve be used, or additional security be needed when using electronic control, one can ensure that such reverse flow never occurs by placing a further non-return valve 38 in series with the isolation valve 36 but it is important then to use a non ⁇ return valve which opens under very low pressures to avoid an excessive drop of pressure across the non-return valve 38.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69207007T DE69207007T2 (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-11-02 | INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
EP92922614A EP0613520B1 (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-11-02 | Internal combustion engine |
US08/244,184 US5524434A (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-11-02 | Internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9124859.1 | 1991-11-22 | ||
GB9124859A GB2261614A (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1991-11-22 | Internal combustion engine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993010338A1 true WO1993010338A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
Family
ID=10705082
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1992/002017 WO1993010338A1 (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-11-02 | Internal combustion engine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5524434A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0613520B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69207007T2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2261614A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993010338A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE237749T1 (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2003-05-15 | Swatch Group Man Serv Ag | METHOD FOR REDUCING THE POLLUTANT EMISSIONS OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
US6167700B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 | 2001-01-02 | Jeff Lampert | Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine |
US20040144081A1 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-07-29 | Lacy James W. | Engine exhaust system |
US20050072514A1 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-07 | Yan Susan G. | Method of making membrane electrode assemblies |
US7416534B2 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2008-08-26 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical device including actuator |
US20070079604A1 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-12 | Anthony Macaluso | Secondary air supply system for internal combustion engine |
US7757482B2 (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2010-07-20 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Variable geometry exhaust cooler |
US7458208B1 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2008-12-02 | Dando Jr Clifford Benton | Exhaust gas extractor system |
US9032707B1 (en) | 2010-07-22 | 2015-05-19 | Rosolino J. Piazza, Sr. | Diesel exhaust gas collection and treatment system |
CN103635668A (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2014-03-12 | 火星工程有限公司 | Throttleable exhaust venturi |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH547949A (en) * | 1970-12-08 | 1974-04-11 | Andersson Louis | POST-COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES. |
CH603993A5 (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1978-08-31 | Hans Steiner | Vehicle exhaust system with gas cleaner |
US4177640A (en) * | 1976-05-07 | 1979-12-11 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Internal combustion engine system |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1014629A (en) * | 1964-07-31 | 1965-12-31 | Martin Baer Pearlman | Exhaust gas treatment |
GB1129328A (en) * | 1966-02-24 | 1968-10-02 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Apparatus for regulating the supply of aspirated air to an internal-combustion engine exhaust gas converter |
US3390520A (en) * | 1967-08-04 | 1968-07-02 | Exhaust Controls Inc | Air supplying device for internalcombustion engines |
US3470689A (en) * | 1967-08-29 | 1969-10-07 | Frank K Gurr | Exhaust gas burner and muffler |
JPS5629013A (en) * | 1979-08-17 | 1981-03-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | Exhaust gas cleaning for internal combustion engine |
JPS58104316A (en) * | 1981-12-16 | 1983-06-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | Secondary air control for internal-combustion engine |
JPS6075712A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1985-04-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Secondary air supply system for internal-combustion engine |
-
1991
- 1991-11-22 GB GB9124859A patent/GB2261614A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1992
- 1992-11-02 WO PCT/GB1992/002017 patent/WO1993010338A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-11-02 EP EP92922614A patent/EP0613520B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-02 US US08/244,184 patent/US5524434A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-02 DE DE69207007T patent/DE69207007T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH547949A (en) * | 1970-12-08 | 1974-04-11 | Andersson Louis | POST-COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES. |
CH603993A5 (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1978-08-31 | Hans Steiner | Vehicle exhaust system with gas cleaner |
US4177640A (en) * | 1976-05-07 | 1979-12-11 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Internal combustion engine system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9124859D0 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
US5524434A (en) | 1996-06-11 |
GB2261614A (en) | 1993-05-26 |
DE69207007T2 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
EP0613520B1 (en) | 1995-12-20 |
EP0613520A1 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
DE69207007D1 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
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