WO1993006356A1

WO1993006356A1 - Engine

Info

Publication number: WO1993006356A1
Application number: PCT/JP1992/001201
Authority: WO
Inventors: Shigeru Bando
Original assignee: Bando Kiko Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 1991-09-27
Filing date: 1992-09-21
Publication date: 1993-04-01

Abstract

An engine in which a gas chamber (16) where a biassing force directed from the thrust side to the anti-thrust side by virtue of the pressure of gas introduced from an engine combustion chamber (6) acts on a piston (2) is formed between a pair of piston rings (3 and 4), in which a gas passage (33) allowing this gas chamber (16) and the engine combustion chamber (6) to communicate with each other so as to introduce the gas pressure inside the engine combustion chamber (6) into the gas chamber (16) and a valve mechanism (20) for opening and closing this gas passage (33) are provided on the piston (2), and in which a control mechanism (44) for controlling the opening and closing motion of this valve mechanism (20) relative to the gas passage (33) is provided.

Description

Statement engine

Technical field

The present invention relates to a reciprocating engine. Background art

In reciprocating engines, a technology to provide rollers on the side of the piston to reduce the sliding friction resistance between the inner surface of the cylinder side wall and the side of the piston during the reciprocating movement of the piston is proposed. Has been.

However, in the technology of providing such rollers, the weight of the piston increases, and the inertia in the reciprocating movement of the piston increases. As a result, the responsiveness of the engine deteriorates. , Etc., degrades the driving performance.

Therefore, a gas chamber through which gas pressure from the engine combustion chamber is guided is formed between the inner surface of the side wall of the cylinder and the side surface of the piston facing the inner surface of the cylinder by a piston ring or the like. A technique has been proposed to reduce the sliding frictional resistance between the inner surface of the cylinder side wall and the side surface of the piston in the reciprocating movement of the piston by the gas pressure. Although the proposed technology can reduce the sliding frictional resistance in the reciprocating movement of the piston to a desirable extent, this technology requires only the opening and closing of the gas passage that leads the gas pressure to the gas chamber. It is difficult to open and close the gas passage at the optimal position because it is not directly controlled by the cascade of the gas position, and the gas pressure introduced into the gas chamber is not used effectively.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and a purpose thereof is to provide a space between an inner surface of a side wall of a cylinder and a side surface of a piston facing the inner surface of the side wall from a combustion chamber. A gas chamber into which the gas pressure is introduced is formed by a piston ring or the like, and the opening and closing of a gas passage for guiding the gas pressure from the engine combustion chamber to the gas chamber is controlled in relation to the piston position. Another object of the present invention is to provide an engine that can effectively utilize the gas pressure introduced into the gas chamber and further reduce the sliding frictional resistance between the inner surface of the cylinder side wall and the side surface of the piston. . Disclosure of the invention

According to the present invention, the object is to provide a gas chamber in which a VS bias from the thrust side to the anti-thrust side acts on the piston by a gas pressure introduced from the engine combustion chamber, and the gas chamber is provided with a pair of pistons. A gas passage formed between the tongues and communicating the gas chamber with the engine combustion chamber to introduce the gas pressure of the engine combustion chamber into the gas chamber and a valve mechanism for opening and closing the gas passage Provided in This is achieved by an engine provided with a control mechanism for controlling the opening and closing operation of the valve mechanism with respect to the gas passage.

In the engine of the present invention configured as described above, when the piston is reciprocated, the control mechanism associated with the piston operates the valve mechanism. When the gas passage is opened by the valve mechanism, the gas pressure in the engine combustion chamber is introduced into the gas chamber via the gas passage. The introduced gas pressure causes the piston to exert a biasing force from the thrust side to the anti-thrust side in the gas chamber. Due to this biasing force, the sliding frictional resistance between the inner surface of the cylinder side wall on the thrust side and the side surface of the piston is sufficiently reduced, and the piston reciprocates. The introduction of the gas pressure into the gas chamber and the maintenance of the gas pressure in the gas chamber are performed in accordance with the position of the piston.

Further, according to the present invention, the object is to provide a gas chamber in which a biasing force from the thrust side to the anti-thrust side acts on the piston by the gas pressure introduced from the engine combustion chamber. Is formed between a pair of piston rings, and a gas passage communicating the gas chamber with the engine combustion chamber to introduce the gas pressure of the engine combustion chamber into the gas chamber, and a valve mechanism for opening and closing the gas passage. A valve seat of a valve mechanism provided in a piston and disposed in a gas passage is loosely fitted to a valve stem of the valve mechanism, and opening and closing operations of the valve mechanism in the gas passage are controlled by moving a valve stem of the valve mechanism. This is achieved by an engine provided with a control mechanism. In the engine of the present invention configured as described above, when the piston is reciprocated, the control mechanism linked to the biston moves the valve stem of the valve mechanism. When the valve body is further separated from one end of the gas passage by the movement of the valve shaft during the explosion stroke, the valve seat loosely fitted to the valve shaft is supplied with gas pressure from the engine combustion chamber from one end of the gas passage in the same manner as the valve body. As a result, the engine combustion chamber is substantially communicated with the gas chamber via the gas passage, and the gas pressure is introduced into the gas chamber. The introduced gas pressure causes the piston to move in the gas chamber from the thrust side to the anti-thrust side. The thrust force sufficiently reduces the sliding frictional resistance between the inner surface of the cylinder side wall and the side surface of the piston on the thrust side, and the piston reciprocates. On the other hand, if the valve body is further separated from one end of the gas passage by the movement of the valve stem during the intake stroke, as in the case of the explosion stroke, the valve seat loosely fitted to the valve stem will be affected by the negative pressure of the engine combustion chamber On the contrary, one end of the gas passage is closed by the valve seat, so that the engine combustion chamber is not substantially communicated with the gas chamber via the gas passage. You.

In the present invention, one piston ring is inclined with respect to the other biston ring so that an annular space between the pair of piston rings is a raised annular space. Alternatively, a defining member may be provided between the pair of piston rings to provide an annular space between the pair of piston rings on the thrust side. The gas chamber may be divided into a semi-annular space on the opposite side and a semi-annular space on the opposite thrust side.

In a preferred example of the invention, the control device is configured such that the gas passage is opened after an explosion in the engine combustion chamber, and one preferred example of the control device consists of a projection provided on the connecting rod. In another preferred example, a hydraulic mechanism is used, and the valve of the valve mechanism may be operated by the hydraulic mechanism.

According to the engine of the present invention, a gas chamber through which the gas pressure from the combustion chamber is guided is formed between the inner surface of the side wall of the cylinder and the side surface of the piston facing the inner surface of the cylinder by a screw ring or the like. However, since the opening and closing of the gas passage that guides the gas pressure from the engine combustion chamber to this gas chamber is controlled by the combi- nation of the piston position, the gas pressure introduced into the gas chamber is effectively reduced. It can be used to further reduce the sliding frictional resistance between the inner surface of the cylinder side wall and the side surface of the piston, and can improve the fuel efficiency of the engine very effectively.

Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to reliably prevent oil from rising to the engine combustion chamber, the gas passage, and the like during the intake stroke.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on preferred examples shown in the drawings. This will clarify the invention 'and other inventions. The present invention is not limited to these specific examples. Brief description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway view of the specific example shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory diagram of the specific example shown in FIG. 1,

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V of the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of still another preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is an operation explanatory view of the embodiment shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is an operation explanatory diagram of the specific example shown in FIG. Concrete example

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, piston rings 3 and 4 and oiler rings 5 are fitted above bistons 2 arranged in a cylinder 1. In contrast to piston ring 3 arranged on the outer peripheral surface of piston 2 substantially parallel to upper surface 7 of piston 2 defining engine combustion chamber 6, piston ring 4 has a piston ring. The distance between 3 and 4 is from the side part 8 on the anti-thrust side, which is one swing side part of the piston 2, to the side part on the thrust side, which is the other swing side part opposite to the side part 8. It is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the piston 2 so as to become gradually longer toward the part 9, in other words, so that the distance D 2 is longer than the distance D 1. As a result, the annular space 15 between the pair of piston rings 3 and 4 becomes a piston ring. Therefore, in this example, the deflected annular space 15 is formed from the thrust side by the gas pressure introduced from the engine combustion chamber in this example. The gas chamber 16 is designed to act on the piston 2 with a bias force toward the anti-thrust side, that is, a bias force in the A direction.

The butting portions at both ends of the screw rings 3 and 4 are tightly abutted or fitted so that the gas in the gas chamber 16 does not leak through this.

The piston 2 is provided with a valve mechanism 20. The valve mechanism 20 includes a cylinder 21 screwed to the piston 2, and a cylinder 2 penetrating through the cylinder 21. The valve stem 22 is slidably arranged in the direction B with respect to 1, the spring stem 23 attached to the valve stem 22 and the cylinder 21 are arranged between the valve stem 22 and the tip of the valve stem 22. And a coil spring 26 for urging the valve rod 22 so as to seat the valve portion 24 formed on the valve seat 25 formed on the cylindrical body 21. The valve mechanism 20 includes a gas passage 33 comprising a through hole 30 formed in the piston 2, a through hole 31 formed in the cylinder 21 and a hollow portion 32 of the cylinder 21. Opening and closing is performed by moving in the B direction.

The connecting rod 42 is connected to the piston 2 via the shaft 40 and the bush 41, and to the small end 43 of the connecting rod 42, the predetermined swing of the connecting rod 42 is performed. The valve stem 22 is moved in the direction B against the elastic force of the coil spring 26 by abutting the tip of the stem 22 at an angle, and the opening and closing operation of the valve mechanism 20 with respect to the gas passage 33 is controlled. System A projection 44 as a control mechanism is provided physically.

In the engine 50 configured as described above, in the compression stroke before the explosion stroke in which the piston 2 is rising, the protrusion 44 does not abut the valve stem 22 as shown in FIG. The valve part 24 remains seated on the valve seat 25. Accordingly, the gas passage 33 is kept closed, the communication between the engine combustion chamber 6 and the gas chamber 16 is cut off, and the gas pressure introduced into the gas chamber 16 is maintained. You. Next, when the piston 2 moves to the top dead center and an explosion occurs in the engine combustion chamber 6 and goes into an explosion stroke, the connecting rod 42 swings as the piston 2 descends as shown in FIG. As a result, the projection 4.4 comes into contact with the valve stem 22 to move the valve stem 22. This movement of the valve stem 22 releases the seat of the valve portion 24 to the valve seat 25, opens the gas passage 33, and causes the gas generated by the explosion in the sintering chamber 6 with a time lag. The flow is adjusted and introduced into the gas chamber 16 through the gas passage 33. As a result, the piston 2 receives the lateral pressure in the gas chamber 16 in the direction A, and the sliding friction resistance against the inner wall surface 51 of the cylinder 1 facing the side surface portion 9 on the thrust side. Is lowered in a reduced state. When the piston 2 is moved near the bottom dead center, the contact of the projection 44 with the valve stem 22 is released, and the gas passage 33 is closed. Accordingly, the gas pressure introduced into the gas chamber 16 remains almost maintained during the subsequent rise of the piston 2.

As described above, with the engine 50, after the explosion stroke, the cylinder Since the piston 2 is lowered in a state where the sliding frictional resistance to the inner wall 51 of the side 1 is reduced, it is possible to extremely effectively improve the fuel efficiency of the engine and the like.

Here, in the engine 5.0 of the above specific example, one piston ring 4 is inclined with respect to the other piston ring 3 —the distance between the pair of piston rings 3 and 4 The annular space 15 is defined as a biased annular space, and the biased annular space 15 is defined as a gas chamber 16. Instead of this, a pair of pistons is used as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. A defining member 61 is provided between the rings 3 and 4, and the annular space 15 between the pair of piston rings 3 and 4 is formed into a semi-annular space 62 on the thrust side and a semi-annular space on the anti-thrust side. The gas chamber 64 is divided into a space 63 and a semi-annular space 62 on the thrust side is used as a gas chamber 64, and the gas chamber 64 is communicated with the engine combustion chamber 6 to reduce the gas pressure in the engine combustion chamber 6 An engine 70 of the present invention is formed by providing a gas passage 33 introduced into the gas passage 4 and a valve mechanism 20 for opening and closing the gas passage 33 to the piston 2. You may.

It should be noted that the engine of the present invention can be preferably applied to a four-cycle engine.

Next, another specific example of the present invention will be described.

In FIG. 6, the valve mechanism 80 of the present example provided on the piston 2 is loosely fitted to the valve stem 22 in addition to the above-described cylinder 21, the valve stem 22, and the coil spring 26. The valve seat 81 is provided. The valve seat 81 has an annular gap in a recess 82 formed in the piston 2. It is distributed with 8 3.

In the engine 90 configured as described above, in the compression stroke before the explosion stroke in which the piston 2 is rising, the protrusion 44 does not abut the valve stem 22 as shown in FIG. The valve body 24 is seated on the valve seat 25, and the valve seat 25 also remains in contact with the end face of the cylinder 21 at one end of the gas passage 33. Therefore, the gas passage 33 is maintained in a closed state, the communication between the engine twisting chamber 6 and the gas chamber 16 is cut off, and the gas pressure introduced into the gas chamber 16 is maintained. . Next, when the piston 2 moves to the top dead center and an explosion occurs in the engine combustion chamber 6 and reaches an explosion stroke, the connecting rod 42 swings as the piston 2 descends as shown in FIG. As a result, the projections 44 contact the valve stem 22 to move the valve stem 22. With this movement of the valve stem 22, the valve body 24 is also moved away from one end of the gas passage 33, and at the same time, the valve seat 25 loosely fitted to the valve stem 22 also connects the gas passage 33. Is moved away from the end face of the cylinder 21 by the gas pressure from the engine combustion chamber 6 through the engine combustion chamber 6, and one end of the gas passage 33 is opened through the annular gap 83. As a result, the engine combustion chamber 6 The gas generated by the explosion in the above is introduced into the gas chamber 16 through the gas passage 33 with the flow rate adjusted with a time difference. As a result, the piston 2 receives the lateral pressure generated in the gas chamber 16 in the direction A, and has a sliding frictional resistance against the inner wall surface 51 of the cylinder 1 facing the thrust side surface portion 9. It is lowered in a reduced state. Piston 2 goes further down When it is moved to the side, the contact of the projection 44 with the valve stem 22 is released, and the gas passage 33 is closed. Therefore, the pressure of the gas introduced into the gas chamber 16 remains almost the same during the subsequent rise of the piston 2.

Next, in the intake stroke, as in the case of the explosion stroke, as the piston 2 descends, the connecting rod 42 swings as shown in Fig. 7, and as a result, the projection 44 comes in contact with the valve rod 22 and the valve rod 2 By moving the valve stem 2, this movement of the valve stem 22 also moves the valve element 24 so as to separate from one end of the gas passage 33. In the intake stroke, the engine combustion chamber 6 has a negative pressure.As a result, the valve seat 25, which is loosely fitted to the valve rod 22 in the direction B, acts on this negative pressure as shown in FIG. As a result, one end of the gas passage 33 remains strongly pressed against the end face of the cylindrical body 21, thereby closing one end of the gas passage 33. When one end of the gas passage 33 is closed in this way, the (lubricating) oil present on the periphery of the piston 2 is introduced into the engine combustion chamber 6 via the gas passage 33. And disappear.

As described above, in the engine 90, after the explosion stroke, the piston 2 is lowered with the sliding frictional resistance against the inner surface 51 of the side wall of the cylinder 1 being reduced. In addition to being able to measure fuel efficiency very effectively, it is possible to prevent oil from rising during the intake stroke.

It should be noted that the valve mechanism 80 of the engine 90 may be applied to the engine shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The engine 90 of this specific example can also be preferably applied to the four-cycle type.

Further, in the above specific example, the opening and closing operations of the valve mechanisms 20 and 80 with respect to the gas passage 33 are performed by the projections 44. However, this may be performed by a separately provided hydraulic mechanism.

Further, the present invention can be applied not only to the gasoline engine of the specific example described above but also to a diesel engine.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A gas chamber is formed between the pair of piston rings so that the biasing force from the thrust side to the anti-thrust side acts on the piston due to the gas pressure introduced from the engine combustion chamber. A gas passage communicating the gas chamber with the engine combustion chamber to introduce the gas pressure of the engine combustion chamber into the gas chamber, and a valve mechanism for opening and closing the gas passage are provided in the piston. An engine equipped with a control mechanism that controls the opening and closing operation of the mechanism for the gas passage.

2. The one piston ring is inclined with respect to the other piston ring so that the annular space between the pair of piston rings is a biased annular space. The engine of claim 1 wherein the engine is a room.

3.—A delimiting member is provided between the pair of piston rings to divide the annular space between the pair of piston rings into a semi-annular space on the thrust side and a semi-annular space on the anti-thrust side. 3. The engine according to claim 1, wherein the semi-annular space on the thrust side is a gas chamber.

4. The engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control mechanism is configured to open the gas passage after the explosion in the engine combustion chamber.

5. The control mechanism comprises a projection provided on the connecting rod. The engine according to any one of boxes 1 to 4.

6-A gas chamber is formed between the pair of piston rings so that the VS bias from the thrust side to the anti-thrust side acts on the piston by the gas pressure introduced from the engine combustion chamber. A gas passage communicating the gas chamber with the engine combustion chamber to introduce the gas pressure of the engine combustion chamber into the gas chamber, and a valve mechanism for opening and closing the gas passage are provided in the piston, and one end of the gas passage is provided. A control mechanism is provided for loosely fitting the valve seat of the valve mechanism disposed in the valve mechanism to the valve stem of the valve mechanism, and controlling the opening and closing operation of the valve mechanism with respect to the gas passage by moving the valve stem of the valve mechanism. engine.

7. The claim that the one piston ring is inclined with respect to the other piston ring so that the annular space between the pair of biston rings is a biased annular space, and the biased annular space is a gas chamber. Engine according to range 6.

8--An annular member is provided between the pair of piston rings to divide the annular space between the pair of piston rings into a semi-annular space on the thrust side and a semi-annular space on the anti-thrust side. 8. The engine according to claim 6, wherein the semi-annular space on the thrust side is a gas chamber.

9. The engine according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the control mechanism is configured to open the gas passage after the explosion in the engine combustion chamber.

10. The control mechanism consists of a projection provided on the connecting rod. The engine according to any one of boxes 6 to 9.